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Fang L, Zhang Y, Cheng L, Zheng H, Wang Y, Qin L, Cai Y, Cheng L, Zhou W, Liu F, Wang S. Silica nanoparticles containing nano-silver and chlorhexidine to suppress Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm and modulate multispecies biofilms toward healthy tendency. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2361403. [PMID: 38847000 PMCID: PMC11155433 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2361403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This research first investigated the effect of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (nMS) carrying chlorhexidine and silver (nMS-nAg-Chx) on periodontitis-related biofilms. This study aimed to investigate (1) the antibacterial activity on Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) biofilm; (2) the suppressing effect on virulence of P. gingivalis biofilm; (3) the regulating effect on periodontitis-related multispecies biofilm. Methods Silver nanoparticles (nAg) and chlorhexidine (Chx) were co-loaded into nMS to form nMS-nAg-Chx. Inhibitory zone test and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against P. gingivalis were tested. Growth curves, crystal violet (CV) staining, live/dead staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation were performed. Biofilm virulence was assessed. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Quantitative Real Time-PCR (qPCR) were performed to validate the activity and composition changes of multispecies biofilm (P. gingivalis, Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus sanguinis). Results nMS-nAg-Chx inhibited P. gingivalis biofilm dose-dependently (p<0.05), with MIC of 18.75 µg/mL. There were fewer live bacteria, less biomass and less virulence in nMS-nAg-Chx groups (p<0.05). nMS-nAg-Chx inhibited and modified periodontitis-related biofilms. The proportion of pathogenic bacteria decreased from 16.08 to 1.07% and that of helpful bacteria increased from 82.65 to 94.31% in 25 μg/mL nMS-nAg-Chx group for 72 h. Conclusions nMS-nAg-Chx inhibited P. gingivalis growth, decreased biofilm virulence and modulated periodontitis-related multispecies biofilms toward healthy tendency. pH-sensitive nMS-nAg-Chx inhibit the pathogens and regulate oral microecology, showing great potential in periodontitis adjunctive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Fang
- Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yishuang Zhang
- Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiyi Wang
- Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Qin
- Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingchun Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suping Wang
- Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Fernandes SCM, Aguirre G. Biopolymer Micro/Nanogel Particles as Smart Drug Delivery and Theranostic Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2060. [PMID: 37631274 PMCID: PMC10457921 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, micro/nanogels have become an important topic of interdisciplinary research, especially in the fields of polymer chemistry and material science, with a focus on their use in drug delivery applications [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana C. M. Fernandes
- CNRS, IPREM-UMR 5254, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, 64000 Pau, France
- MANTA—Marine Materials Research Group, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, 64600 Anglet, France
| | - Garbine Aguirre
- CNRS, IPREM-UMR 5254, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, 64000 Pau, France
- Bio-Inspired Materials Group: Functionalities & Self-Assembly, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, 64000 Pau, France
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Suriyaamporn P, Sahatsapan N, Patrojanasophon P, Opanasopit P, Kumpugdee-Vollrath M, Ngawhirunpat T. Optimization of In Situ Gel-Forming Chlorhexidine-Encapsulated Polymeric Nanoparticles Using Design of Experiment for Periodontitis. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:161. [PMID: 37505346 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gums caused by pathogenic microorganisms damaging and destroying periodontal tissues. Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) is a commonly used antimicrobial agent for the treatment of periodontitis. However, it has many drawbacks, such as toxicity due to the high dosage required, low prolonged release, and low adhesion in the periodontal pocket. The objective of this study was to develop and optimize CHX-encapsulated polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) loaded into in situ gel-forming (ISGF) using design of experiment (DoE) to improve the treatment of periodontitis and overcome these limitations. CHX-NPs were optimized from 0.046%w/v chitosan, 0.05%w/w gelatin, and 0.25%w/w CHX. After that, the optimized of CHX-NPs was loaded into a thermosensitive ISGF, which was a mixture of 15%w/v Poloxamer 407 and 1% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). The optimized CHX-NPs, loaded into ISGF, was evaluated by measuring gelling temperature and time, pH, viscosity, compatibility, in vitro drug release, antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and stability. The results showed that the size, PDI, and zeta potential of optimized CHX-NPs were 53.07±10.17 nm, 0.36±0.02, and 27.63±4.16 mV, respectively. Moreover, the optimized ISGF loading CHX-NPs showed a gelling temperature at 34.3±1.2°C within 120.00±17.32 s with a pH value of 4.06. The viscosity of the formulations at 4°C was 54.33±0.99 cP. The DSC and FTIR showed no interaction between ingredients. The optimal formulations showed a prolonged release of up to 7 days while providing potential antibacterial activity and were safe for normal gingival fibroblast cells. Moreover, the formulations had high stability at 4°C and 25°C for 3 months. In conclusion, the study achieved the successful development of ISGF loading CHX-NPs formulations for effectiveness use in periodontal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuvamin Suriyaamporn
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Nitjawan Sahatsapan
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Prasopchai Patrojanasophon
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Praneet Opanasopit
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Mont Kumpugdee-Vollrath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences (BHT), Luxemburger Street 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanasait Ngawhirunpat
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
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Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Novel Cationic Surfactants as Antibacterial Agents. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is of great necessity to develop new antimicrobial agents to overcome the accelerated increment in drug-resistant bacteria. The main aim of this work is to manufacture two cationic surfactants, QHETA-9 and QHETA-14, based on quaternary hexamethylenetetramine with long alkyl chains (C-9 and C-14) by simple one-step alkylation reaction. These surfactants were characterized by analytical and statistical data, including FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and DLS. The antibacterial activities of QHETA-9 and QHETA-14 against some pathogenic bacterial strains were tested using agar disk diffusion method. The results exhibited that QHETA-14 has higher antibacterial activity than that of QHETA-9. It displayed inhibitory zone values for Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Enterococcus faecalis, as Gram-positive bacteria, of 22.7, 21.5 and 25.9 mm, respectively, at 200 μg/disk. Meanwhile, it recorded inhibition zone values of 17.5, 25.2 and 23.8 mm for Escherichia coli, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Erwinia carotovora, respectively, at 200 μg/disk. As a result, the current investigation verified that the antibacterial properties of QHETA-14 were greater than those of QHETA-9 due to the increase in the length of the alkyl chain. It is clear that QHETA-14 has the potential to be used as an antibacterial agent against bacteria that cause nosocomial infections and food poisoning diseases.
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Brăzdaru L, Staicu T, Albu Kaya MG, Chelaru C, Ghica C, Cîrcu V, Leca M, Ghica MV, Micutz M. 3D Porous Collagen Matrices-A Reservoir for In Vitro Simultaneous Release of Tannic Acid and Chlorhexidine. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010076. [PMID: 36678705 PMCID: PMC9865545 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of wounds occurring accidentally or as a result of chronic diseases most frequently requires the use of appropriate dressings, mainly to ensure tissue regeneration/healing, at the same time as treating or preventing potential bacterial infections or superinfections. Collagen type I-based scaffolds in tandem with adequate antimicrobials can successfully fulfill these requirements. In this work, starting from the corresponding hydrogels, we prepared a series of freeze-dried atelocollagen type I-based matrices loaded with tannic acid (TA) and chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG) as active agents with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and also as crosslinkers for the collagen network. The primary aim of this study was to design an original and reliable algorithm to in vitro monitor and kinetically analyze the simultaneous release of TA and CHDG from the porous matrices into an aqueous solution of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4, 37 °C) containing micellar carriers of a cationic surfactant (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, HTAB) as a release environment that roughly mimics human extracellular fluids in living tissues. Around this central idea, a comprehensive investigation of the lyophilized matrices (morpho-structural characterization through FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, swelling behavior, resistance against the collagenolytic action of collagenase type I) was carried out. The kinetic treatment of the release data displayed a preponderance of non-Fickian-Case II diffusion behavior, which led to a general anomalous transport mechanism for both TA and CHDG, irrespective of their concentrations. This is equivalent to saying that the release regime is not governed only by the gradient concentration of the releasing components inside and outside the matrix (like in ideal Fickian diffusion), but also, to a large extent, by the relaxation phenomena of the collagen network (determined, in turn, by its crosslinking degree induced by TA and CHDG) and the dynamic capacity of the HTAB micelles to solubilize the two antimicrobials. By controlling the degree of physical crosslinking of collagen with a proper content of TA and CHDG loaded in the matrix, a tunable, sustainable release profile can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Brăzdaru
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Blvd., 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Teodora Staicu
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Blvd., 030018 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (M.M.)
| | | | - Ciprian Chelaru
- Leather and Footwear Research Institute, 93 Ion Mincu St., 031215 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corneliu Ghica
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 105 bis Atomistilor St., 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Viorel Cîrcu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Blvd., 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Minodora Leca
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Blvd., 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Violeta Ghica
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 6 Traian Vuia St., 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marin Micutz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Blvd., 030018 Bucharest, Romania
- Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”, Romanian Academy, 202 Spl. Independenţei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (M.M.)
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Uskoković V, Pejčić A, Koliqi R, Anđelković Z. Polymeric Nanotechnologies for the Treatment of Periodontitis: A Chronological Review. Int J Pharm 2022; 625:122065. [PMID: 35932930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic infectious and inflammatory disease of periodontal tissues estimated to affect 70 - 80 % of all adults. At the same time, periodontium, the site of periodontal pathologies, is an extraordinarily complex plexus of soft and hard tissues, the regeneration of which using even the most advanced forms of tissue engineering continues to be a challenge. Nanotechnologies, meanwhile, have provided exquisite tools for producing biomaterials and pharmaceutical formulations capable of elevating the efficacies of standard pharmacotherapies and surgical approaches to whole new levels. A bibliographic analysis provided here demonstrates a continuously increasing research output of studies on the use of nanotechnologies in the management of periodontal disease, even when they are normalized to the total output of studies on periodontitis. The great majority of biomaterials used to tackle periodontitis, including those that pioneered this interesting field, have been polymeric. In this article, a chronological review of polymeric nanotechnologies for the treatment of periodontitis is provided, focusing on the major conceptual innovations since the late 1990s, when the first nanostructures for the treatment of periodontal diseases were fabricated. In the opening sections, the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontitis and the anatomical and histological characteristics of the periodontium are being described, along with the general clinical manifestations of the disease and the standard means of its therapy. The most prospective chemistries in the design of polymers for these applications are also elaborated. It is concluded that the amount of innovation in this field is on the rise, despite the fact that most studies are focused on the refinement of already established paradigms in tissue engineering rather than on the development of revolutionary new concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuk Uskoković
- TardigradeNano LLC; Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University.
| | - Ana Pejčić
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Clinic of Dental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Niš.
| | - Rozafa Koliqi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina".
| | - Zlatibor Anđelković
- Institute for Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Priština/Kosovska Mitrovica.
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Chug MK, Massoumi H, Wu Y, Brisbois EJ. Prevention of medical device infections via multi-action nitric oxide and chlorhexidine diacetate releasing medical grade silicone biointerfaces. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:1263-1277. [PMID: 35170212 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The presence of bacteria and biofilm on medical device surfaces has been linked to serious infections, increased health care costs, and failure of medical devices. Therefore, antimicrobial biointerfaces and medical devices that can thwart microbial attachment and biofilm formation are urgently needed. Both nitric oxide (NO) and chlorhexidine diacetate (CHXD) possess broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. In the past, individual polymer release systems of CHXD and NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) incorporated polymer platforms have attracted considerable attention for biomedical/therapeutic applications. However, the combination of the two surfaces has not yet been explored. Herein, the synergy of NO and CHXD was evaluated to create an antimicrobial medical-grade silicone rubber. The 10 wt% SNAP films were fabricated using solvent casting with a topcoat of CHXD (1, 3, and 5 wt%) to generate a dual-active antibacterial interface. Chemiluminescence studies confirmed the NO release from SNAP-CHXD films at physiologically relevant levels (0.5-4 × 10-10 mol min-1 cm-2 ) for at least 3 weeks and CHXD release for at least 7 days. Further characterization of the films via SEM-EDS confirmed uniform distribution of SNAP and presence of CHXD within the polymer films without substantial morphological changes, as confirmed by contact angle hysteresis. Moreover, the dual-active SNAP-CHXD films were able to significantly reduce Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (>3-log reduction) compared to controls with no explicit toxicity towards mouse fibroblast cells. The synergy between the two potent antimicrobial agents will help combat bacterial contamination on biointerfaces and enhance the longevity of medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjyot Kaur Chug
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Hamed Massoumi
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Brisbois
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Yuan Y, He N, Dong L, Guo Q, Zhang X, Li B, Li L. Multiscale Shellac-Based Delivery Systems: From Macro- to Nanoscale. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18794-18821. [PMID: 34806863 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Delivery systems play a crucial role in enhancing the activity of active substances; however, they require complex processing techniques and raw material design to achieve the desired properties. In this regard, raw materials that can be easily processed for different delivery systems are garnering attention. Among these raw materials, shellac, which is the only pharmaceutically used resin of animal origin, has been widely used in the development of various delivery systems owing to its pH responsiveness, biocompatibility, and degradability. Notably, shellac performs better on encapsulating hydrophobic active substances than other natural polymers, such as polysaccharides and proteins. In addition, specially designed shellac-based delivery systems can also be used for the codelivery of hydrophilic and hydrophobic active substances. Shellac is most widely used for oral administration, as shellac-based delivery systems can form a compact structure through hydrophobic interaction, protecting transported active substances from the harsh environment of the stomach to achieve targeted delivery in the small intestine or colon. In this review, the advantages of shellac in delivery systems are discussed in detail. Multiscale shellac-based delivery systems from the macroscale to nanoscale are comprehensively introduced, including matrix tablets, films, enteric coatings, hydrogels, microcapsules, microparticles (beads/spheres), nanoparticles, and nanofibers. Furthermore, the hotspots, deficiencies, and future perspectives of shellac-based delivery system development are also analyzed. We hoped this review will increase the understanding of shellac-based delivery systems and inspire their further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ni He
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Liya Dong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qiyong Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
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