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Santulli G, Kansakar U, Varzideh F, Mone P, Jankauskas SS, Lombardi A. Functional Role of Taurine in Aging and Cardiovascular Health: An Updated Overview. Nutrients 2023; 15:4236. [PMID: 37836520 PMCID: PMC10574552 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurine, a naturally occurring sulfur-containing amino acid, has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its potential health benefits. Found in various foods and often used in energy drinks and supplements, taurine has been studied extensively to understand its impact on human physiology. Determining its exact functional roles represents a complex and multifaceted topic. We provide an overview of the scientific literature and present an analysis of the effects of taurine on various aspects of human health, focusing on aging and cardiovascular pathophysiology, but also including athletic performance, metabolic regulation, and neurological function. Additionally, our report summarizes the current recommendations for taurine intake and addresses potential safety concerns. Evidence from both human and animal studies indicates that taurine may have beneficial cardiovascular effects, including blood pressure regulation, improved cardiac fitness, and enhanced vascular health. Its mechanisms of action and antioxidant properties make it also an intriguing candidate for potential anti-aging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (U.K.); (S.S.J.); (A.L.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (F.V.); (P.M.)
| | - Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (U.K.); (S.S.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (F.V.); (P.M.)
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (F.V.); (P.M.)
| | - Stanislovas S. Jankauskas
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (U.K.); (S.S.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (U.K.); (S.S.J.); (A.L.)
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Schmidt MA, Jones JA, Mason CE. Optimizing human performance in extreme environments through precision medicine: From spaceflight to high-performance operations on Earth. CAMBRIDGE PRISMS. PRECISION MEDICINE 2023; 1:e27. [PMID: 38550927 PMCID: PMC10953751 DOI: 10.1017/pcm.2023.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Humans operating in extreme environments often conduct their operations at the edges of the limits of human performance. Sometimes, they are required to push these limits to previously unattained levels. As a result, their margins for error in execution are much smaller than that found in the general public. These same small margins for error that impact execution may also impact risk, safety, health, and even survival. Thus, humans operating in extreme environments have a need for greater refinement in their preparation, training, fitness, and medical care. Precision medicine (PM) is uniquely suited to address the needs of those engaged in these extreme operations because of its depth of molecular analysis, derived precision countermeasures, and ability to match each individual (and his or her specific molecular phenotype) with any given operating context (environment). Herein, we present an overview of a systems approach to PM in extreme environments, which affords clinicians one method to contextualize the inputs, processes, and outputs that can form the basis of a formal practice. For the sake of brevity, this overview is focused on molecular dynamics, while providing only a brief introduction to the also important physiologic and behavioral phenotypes in PM. Moreover, rather than a full review, it highlights important concepts, while using only selected citations to illustrate those concepts. It further explores, by demonstration, the basic principles of using functionally characterized molecular networks to guide the practical application of PM in extreme environments. At its core, PM in extreme environments is about attention to incremental gains and losses in molecular network efficiency that can scale to produce notable changes in health and performance. The aim of this overview is to provide a conceptual overview of one approach to PM in extreme environments, coupled with a selected suite of practical considerations for molecular profiling and countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Schmidt
- Sovaris Aerospace, Boulder, CO, USA
- Advanced Pattern Analysis & Human Performance Group, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Jones
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher E. Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Vilčková M, Škereňová M, Dobrota D, Kaplán P, Jurečeková J, Kliment J, Híveš M, Dušenka R, Evin D, Knoško Brožová M, Kmeťová Sivoňová M. Polymorphisms in the gene encoding CYP1A2 influence prostate cancer risk and progression. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:85. [PMID: 36760517 PMCID: PMC9878356 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) rs2472299, rs2470890 and rs11072508 polymorphisms in prostate cancer risk, disease progression and tumour development remains unclear. The potential associations of these three CYP1A2 polymorphisms and haplotypes with prostate cancer susceptibility and its clinicopathological characteristics were therefore investigated. The present case-control study consisted of 522 patients with prostate cancer and 554 healthy controls. High-resolution melting analysis was used to determine the CYP1A2 polymorphisms. No significant association in prostate cancer risk was seen for CYP1A2 rs2472299 and rs11072508. However, a significantly decreased risk of prostate cancer was found for CYP1A2 rs2470890 [odds ratio (OR), 0.67; P=0.02] in the recessive model. After analysis of the associations of clinical status and these three CYP1A2 polymorphisms, the CYP1A2 rs2470890 and rs11072508 polymorphisms showed a positive association with a higher Gleason score (rs2470890 OR, 1.36, P=0.04 in the allelic model; rs11072508 OR, 1.37, P=0.04 in the allelic model and OR, 1.60, P=0.03 in the dominant model). All three polymorphisms showed a significant positive association with pathological T stage in the additive, allelic and dominant genetic models (P<0.05). Haplotype analysis revealed that the most common haplotypes 'GTT' and 'ACC' were significantly associated with pathological T stages 3 and 4 (OR, 0.62; P=0.02 and OR, 1.54; P=0.03, respectively). A significant association was found between the 'GTT' haplotype and the Gleason score (OR, 0.71; P=0.03). In conclusion, these CYP1A2 polymorphisms and haplotypes have the potential to predict prostate cancer disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vilčková
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Mária Škereňová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic,Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Dušan Dobrota
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Kaplán
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Jurečeková
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Kliment
- Department of Urology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Márk Híveš
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Róbert Dušenka
- Department of Urology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Daniel Evin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Martina Knoško Brožová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Kmeťová Sivoňová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic,Correspondence to: Dr Monika Kmet'ová Sivoňová, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 4D Malá Hora, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic, E-mail:
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Cadoni C, Peana AT. Energy drinks at adolescence: Awareness or unawareness? Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1080963. [PMID: 36891321 PMCID: PMC9986288 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1080963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy drinks (EDs) are beverages similar to soft drinks, characterized by high caffeine concentrations with additional ingredients like taurine and vitamins, marketed for boosting energy, reducing tiredness, increasing concentration, and for their ergogenic effect. The majority of consumers are children, adolescents, and young athletes. Although EDs companies claim about the ergogenic and remineralizing properties of their products, there is a serious lack of evidence at preclinical as well as clinical level to validate their benefits. The regular intake and long-term consequences of these caffeinated drinks are not well documented, especially the possible negative effects in adolescents whose brain is still developing. EDs combined with alcohol are also gaining popularity among adolescents and different publications indicate that this combined consumption might increase the risk to develop an alcohol use disorder, as well as produce serious adverse cardiovascular effects. There is an increasing need to disseminate knowledge on EDs damage on health, so that adolescents can be aware about the potential harmful outcomes of consuming these drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cadoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council of Italy, Cagliari, Italy
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Alnajjar AO, Ahmed Elbashir A, Elgorashe RE, Ebrahim AM, Idris AM, Abd El-Lateef HM. Utilization of 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F) as a fluorogenic reagent for the development of a spectrofluorometric assay method for taurine in energy drinks. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/17475198221114760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of a simple, inexpensive, sensitive, and selective spectrofluorometric assay method for taurine in energy drinks utilizing 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole as a fluorogenic agent is described. Conditions affecting the derivatization reaction are investigated and optimized. The optimal conditions are found to be as follows: buffer, pH 10; 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazoleconcentration, 0.05%; reaction time, 30 min; temperature, 50 °C. Fluorescence measurements are carried out at a wavelength of 542 nm, with excitation at a wavelength of 485 nm. The method is validated under the optimum conditions. The method is found to be linear in the range of 2.0–12.5 µg/mL, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9993. The limits of detection and quantification (µg/mL) are 0.6 and 2.02, respectively, which are appropriate for taurine assays in commercial energy drinks. In addition, the proposed method recorded excellent accuracy since the recovery values caused by presence of excipients are found to be in the range of 99.3%–102.87%. The values of relative standard deviation for intra- and inter-day precision were found to be in the ranges of 0.236%–0.659% and 2.12%–2.63%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Alnajjar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rafea Elgack Elgorashe
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar M Ebrahim
- Consultants Unit, Research and Consulting Institute, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany M Abd El-Lateef
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Disposable carbon nanotube-based antifouling electrochemical sensors for detection of morphine in unprocessed coffee and milk. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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