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Shi W, Zhang TY, Fang CY, Zhang SQ, Li KB, Zhang XB, Han DM. Transforming waste into valuables: Preparation and evaluation of dual-ligand hydrophobic charge-induction chromatography using two poor performing ligands. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1726:464975. [PMID: 38735118 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
In conventional chromatographic ligand screening, underperforming ligands are often dismissed. However, this practice may inadvertently overlook potential opportunities. This study aims to investigate whether these underperforming ligands can be repurposed as valuable assets. Hydrophobic charge-induction chromatography (HCIC) is chosen as the validation target for its potential as an innovative chromatographic mode. A novel dual-ligand approach is employed, combining two suboptimal ligands (5-Aminobenzimidazole and Tryptamine) to explore enhanced performance and optimization prospects. Various dual-ligand HCIC resins with different ligand densities were synthesized by adjusting the ligand ratio and concentration. The resins were characterized to assess appearance, functional groups, and pore features using SEM, FTIR, and ISEC techniques. Performance assessments were conducted using single-ligand mode resins as controls, evaluating the selectivity against human immunoglobulin G and human serum albumin. Static adsorption experiments were performed to understand pH and salt influence on adsorption. Breakthrough experiments were conducted to assess dynamic adsorption capacity of the novel resin. Finally, chromatographic separation using human serum was performed to evaluate the purity and yield of the resin. Results indicated that the dual-ligand HCIC resin designed for human antibodies demonstrates exceptional selectivity, surpassing not only single ligand states but also outperforming certain high-performing ligand types, particularly under specific salt and pH conditions. Ultimately, a high yield of 83.9 % and purity of 96.7 % were achieved in the separation of hIgG from human serum with the dual-ligand HCIC, significantly superior to the single-ligand resins. In conclusion, through rational design and proper operational conditions, the dual-ligand mode can revitalize underutilized ligands, potentially introducing novel and promising chromatographic modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, China; Taizhou Research Institute of Bio-Medical and Chemical Industry CO., LTD, Jiaojiang 318000, China
| | - Tian-Yi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, China
| | - Chao-Ying Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, China
| | - Si-Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, China
| | - Kai-Bin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, China
| | - De-Man Han
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, China.
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2
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Ma Z, Elango J, Hao J, Wu W. Purification and Characterization of a Novel Fibrinolytic Enzyme from Marine Bacterium Bacillus sp. S-3685 Isolated from the South China Sea. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:267. [PMID: 38921578 PMCID: PMC11204972 DOI: 10.3390/md22060267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel fibrinolytic enzyme, BSFE1, was isolated from the marine bacterium Bacillus sp. S-3685 (GenBank No.: KJ023685) found in the South China Sea. This enzyme, with a molecular weight of approximately 42 kDa and a specific activity of 736.4 U/mg, exhibited its highest activity at 37 °C in a phosphate buffer at pH 8.0. The fibrinolytic enzyme remained stable over a pH range of 7.5 to 10.0 and retained about 76% of its activity after being incubated at 37 °C for 2 h. The Km and Vmax values of the enzyme at 37 °C were determined to be 2.1 μM and 49.0 μmol min-1 mg-1, respectively. The fibrinolytic activity of BSFE1 was enhanced by Na+, Ba2+, K+, Co2+, Mn2+, Al3+, and Cu2+, while it was inhibited by Fe3+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, and Fe2+. These findings indicate that the fibrinolytic enzyme isolated in this study exhibits a strong affinity for fibrin. Moreover, the enzyme we have purified demonstrates thrombolytic enzymatic activity. These characteristics make BSFE1 a promising candidate for thrombolytic therapy. In conclusion, the results obtained from this study suggest that our work holds potential in the development of agents for thrombolytic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibin Ma
- School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Taizhou Vocational College of Science & Technology, Taizhou 318020, China;
| | - Jeevithan Elango
- Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, India
- Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jianhua Hao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
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3
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Nguyen PT, Nguyen-Thi TU, Nguyen HT, Pham MN, Nguyen TT. Halophilic lactic acid bacteria - Play a vital role in the fermented food industry. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:305-321. [PMID: 38372951 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Halophilic lactic acid bacteria have been widely found in various high-salt fermented foods. The distribution of these species in salt-fermented foods contributes significantly to the development of the product's flavor. Besides, these bacteria also have the ability to biosynthesize bioactive components which potentially apply to different areas. In this review, insights into the metabolic properties, salt stress responses, and potential applications of these bacteria have been have been elucidated. The purpose of this review highlights the important role of halophilic lactic acid bacteria in improving the quality and safety of salt-fermented products and explores the potential application of these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phu-Tho Nguyen
- An Giang University, An Giang, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Huu-Thanh Nguyen
- An Giang University, An Giang, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh-Nhut Pham
- Hutech Institute of Applied Science, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Tho Nguyen
- Hutech Institute of Applied Science, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Hazare C, Bhagwat P, Singh S, Pillai S. Diverse origins of fibrinolytic enzymes: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26668. [PMID: 38434287 PMCID: PMC10907686 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrinolytic enzymes cleave fibrin which plays a crucial role in thrombus formation which otherwise leads to cardiovascular diseases. While different fibrinolytic enzymes have been purified, only a few have been utilized as clinical and therapeutic agents; hence, the search continues for a fibrinolytic enzyme with high specificity, fewer side effects, and one that can be mass-produced at a lower cost with a higher yield. In this context, this review discusses the physiological mechanism of thrombus formation and fibrinolysis, and current thrombolytic drugs in use. Additionally, an overview of the optimization, production, and purification of fibrinolytic enzymes and the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in optimization and the patents granted is provided. This review classifies microbial as well as non-microbial fibrinolytic enzymes isolated from food sources, including fermented foods and non-food sources, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Despite holding immense potential for the discovery of novel fibrinolytic enzymes, only a few fermented food sources limited to Asian countries have been studied, necessitating the research on fibrinolytic enzymes from fermented foods of other regions. This review will aid researchers in selecting optimal sources for screening fibrinolytic enzymes and is the first one to provide insights and draw a link between the implication of source selection and in vivo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay Hazare
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South AfricaDurban
| | - Prashant Bhagwat
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South AfricaDurban
| | - Suren Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South AfricaDurban
| | - Santhosh Pillai
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South AfricaDurban
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Jiang T, Zhang B, Zhang H, Wei M, Su Y, Song T, Ye S, Zhu Y, Wu W. Purification and Properties of a Plasmin-like Marine Protease from Clamworm ( Perinereis aibuhitensis). Mar Drugs 2024; 22:68. [PMID: 38393039 PMCID: PMC10890283 DOI: 10.3390/md22020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine organisms are a rich source of enzymes that exhibit excellent biological activity and a wide range of applications. However, there has been limited research on the proteases found in marine mudflat organisms. Based on this background, the marine fibrinolytic enzyme FELP, which was isolated and purified from clamworm (Perinereis aibuhitensis), has exhibited excellent fibrinolytic activity. We demonstrated the FELP with a purification of 10.61-fold by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel-filtration chromatography. SDS-PAGE, fibrin plate method, and LC-MS/MS indicated that the molecular weight of FELP is 28.9 kDa and identified FELP as a fibrinolytic enzyme-like protease. FELP displayed the maximum fibrinolytic activity at pH 9 (407 ± 16 mm2) and 50 °C (724 ± 27 mm2) and had excellent stability at pH 7-11 (50%) or 30-60 °C (60%), respectively. The three-dimensional structure of some amino acid residues of FELP was predicted with the SWISS-MODEL. The fibrinolytic and fibrinogenolytic assays showed that the enzyme possessed direct fibrinolytic activity and indirect fibrinolysis via the activation of plasminogen; it could preferentially degrade Aα-chains of fibrinogen, followed by Bβ- and γ-chains. Overall, the fibrinolytic enzyme was successfully purified from Perinereis aibuhitensis, a marine Annelida (phylum), with favorable stability that has strong fibrinolysis activity in vitro. Therefore, FELP appears to be a potent fibrinolytic enzyme with an application that deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jiang
- Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (T.J.); (B.Z.); (H.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (T.S.); (S.Y.)
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (T.J.); (B.Z.); (H.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (T.S.); (S.Y.)
- Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-gang Special Area, Lane 218, Haiji Sixth Road, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Haixing Zhang
- Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (T.J.); (B.Z.); (H.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (T.S.); (S.Y.)
| | - Mingjun Wei
- Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (T.J.); (B.Z.); (H.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (T.S.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yue Su
- Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (T.J.); (B.Z.); (H.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (T.S.); (S.Y.)
| | - Tuo Song
- Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (T.J.); (B.Z.); (H.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (T.S.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shijia Ye
- Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (T.J.); (B.Z.); (H.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (T.S.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yuping Zhu
- Basic Medical Experimental Teaching Center, Basic Medical College, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (T.J.); (B.Z.); (H.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (T.S.); (S.Y.)
- East China Sea Marine Biological Resources Engineering Technology Center, Zhongke Road, Putuo District, Zhoushan 316104, China
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Jiang H, Shi R, Li X, Tang J, Min D. Insight into the thrombolytic ability of an extracellular fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GXU-1 isolated from Sipunculus nudus. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 213:106371. [PMID: 37709210 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial fibrinolytic enzymes have an important role in thrombolytic therapy due to their ability to dissolve fibrin. Therefore, purification, characterization and activity determination are of prime importance for bacterial fibrinolytic enzymes. In the current study, marine Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was first screened from Sipunculus nudus living in the Beibu Gulf of China and denoted as Guangxi University-1 (GXU-1). Then, an extracellular fibrinolytic enzyme (FEB-1) was purified from GXU-1 using ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydrophobic chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. The specific activity of FEB-1 was determined to be as high as 6789.74 U/mg. The relative molecular weight of FEB-1 was measured as 30 kDa through SDS‒PAGE. The optimum in vitro fibrinolytic activity of FEB-1 was identified at 37 °C and pH = 8. Furthermore, the activity of FEB-1 can be well preserved at 20-45 °C and pH = 6.0 to 9.0. The combination analysis of SDS‒PAGE and the molecular docking calculation revealed that FEB-1 can cleave more Aα- and Bβ-chains of fibrinogen than γ-chain. It is noteworthy that FEB-1 is comparatively stable under human-body environmental conditions, indicating its potential application in thrombosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Jiang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ruiyuan Shi
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jiale Tang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Douyong Min
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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7
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Singh R, Gautam P, Sharma C, Osmolovskiy A. Fibrin and Fibrinolytic Enzyme Cascade in Thrombosis: Unravelling the Role. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2196. [PMID: 38004336 PMCID: PMC10672518 DOI: 10.3390/life13112196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood clot formation in blood vessels (thrombosis) is a major cause of life-threatening cardiovascular diseases. These clots are formed by αA-, βB-, and ϒ-peptide chains of fibrinogen joined together by isopeptide bonds with the help of blood coagulation factor XIIIa. These clot structures are altered by various factors such as thrombin, platelets, transglutaminase, DNA, histones, and red blood cells. Various factors are used to dissolve the blood clot, such as anticoagulant agents, antiplatelets drugs, fibrinolytic enzymes, and surgical operations. Fibrinolytic enzymes are produced by microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, etc.): streptokinase of Streptococcus hemolyticus, nattokinase of Bacillus subtilis YF 38, bafibrinase of Bacillus sp. AS-S20-I, longolytin of Arthrobotrys longa, versiase of Aspergillus versicolor ZLH-1, etc. They act as a thrombolytic agent by either enhancing the production of plasminogen activators (tissue or urokinase types), which convert inactive plasminogen to active plasmin, or acting as plasmin-like proteins themselves, forming fibrin degradation products which cause normal blood flow again in blood vessels. Fibrinolytic enzymes may be classified in two groups, as serine proteases and metalloproteases, based on their catalytic properties, consisting of a catalytic triad responsible for their fibrinolytic activity having different physiochemical properties (such as molecular weight, pH, and temperature). The analysis of fibrinolysis helps to detect hyperfibrinolysis (menorrhagia, renal failure, etc.) and hypofibrinolysis (diabetes, obesity, etc.) with the help of various fibrinolytic assays such as a fibrin plate assay, fibrin microplate assay, the viscoelastic method, etc. These fibrinolytic activities serve as a key aspect in the recognition of numerous cardiovascular diseases and can be easily produced on a large scale with a short generation time by microbes and are less expensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Singh
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201301, India; (P.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Prerna Gautam
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201301, India; (P.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Chhavi Sharma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201301, India; (P.G.); (C.S.)
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8
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Wang P, Peng C, Xie X, Deng X, Weng M. Research progress on the fibrinolytic enzymes produced from traditional fermented foods. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5675-5688. [PMID: 37823145 PMCID: PMC10563737 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a global health problem and leading cause of death worldwide. Thrombus formation, one of the CVDs, is essentially the formation of fibrin clots. The existing thrombolytic agents have the disadvantages of high price, short half-life, and high bleeding risk; hence, there is an urgent need to find the alternative thrombolytic agents. In recent years, traditional fermented foods have been widely investigated for their outstanding effects in the prevention and treatment of thrombus formation. In this review, we have focused on fibrinolytic enzymes produced by microorganisms during the fermentation of traditional fermented foods and their potential use for treating CVDs. First, we discussed about the sources of fibrinolytic enzymes and microbial strains that produce those enzymes followed by the optimization of fermentation process, purification, and physicochemical properties of fibrinolytic enzymes. Finally, we have summarized the thrombolytic effects of fibrinolytic enzymes in humans and mice. Fibrinolytic enzymes produced by microorganisms during the fermentation of traditional fermented foods not only lyse thrombi but also acts as anti-atherosclerotic, anti-hyperlipidemia, and neuroprotection agents. Therefore, fibrinolytic enzymes from traditional fermented foods have great potential for the prevention and treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- Top Discipline of Jiangxi Province, Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative MedicineJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Cuiying Peng
- Top Discipline of Jiangxi Province, Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative MedicineJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Xiaomei Xie
- Top Discipline of Jiangxi Province, Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative MedicineJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Xiongwei Deng
- Nanchang Hongdu Hospital of TCM Affiliated to Jiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Meizhi Weng
- Top Discipline of Jiangxi Province, Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative MedicineJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
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9
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You H, Dong M. Identification of Immuno-Inflammation-Related Biomarkers for Acute Myocardial Infarction Based on Bioinformatics. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:3283-3302. [PMID: 37576155 PMCID: PMC10417757 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s421196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previous studies have confirmed that inflammation and immunity are involved in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, only few related genes are identified as biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of AMI. Patients and Methods GSE48060 and GSE60993 datasets were retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus. The differentially expressed immuno-inflammation-related genes (DEIIRGs) were obtained from GSE48060, and the biomarkers for AMI were screened and validated using the "Neuralnet" package and GSE60993 dataset. Further, the biomarker-based nomogram was constructed, and miRNAs, transcription factors (TFs), and potential drugs targeting the biomarkers were explored. Furthermore, immune infiltration analysis was analyzed in AMI. Finally, the biomarkers were verified by assessing their mRNA levels using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results First, eight biomarkers were screened via bioinformatics, and the artificial neural network model indicated a higher prediction accuracy for AMI even in the validation dataset. Nomogram had accurate forecasting ability for AMI as well. The TFs GTF2I, PHOX2B, RUNX1, and FOS targeting hsa-miR-1297 could regulate the expressions of ADM and CBLB, and RORA could effectively interact with melatonin and citalopram. RT-qPCR results for ADM, PI3, MMP9, NRG1 and CBLB were consistent with those of bioinformatic analysis. Conclusion In conclusion, eight key immuno-inflammation-related genes, namely, SH2D1B, ADM, PI3, MMP9, NRG1, CBLB, RORA, and FASLG, may serve as the potential biomarkers for AMI, in which the downregulation of CBLB and upregulation of ADM, PI3, and NRG1 in AMI was detected for the first time, providing a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun You
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710068, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengya Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710068, People’s Republic of China
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Lee SH, Song SY, Choi JH, Kim S, Lee HJ, Park JW, Park DH, Bae CS, Cho SS. Partial Purification and Biochemical Evaluation of Protease Fraction (MA-1) from Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii and Its Fibrinolytic Effect. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1558. [PMID: 37627553 PMCID: PMC10451839 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidative proteolytic fraction, MA-1, was partially purified from Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii. MA-1 was purified to homogeneity using a two-step procedure, which resulted in an 89-fold increase in specific activity and 42.5% recovery. SDS-PAGE revealed two proteins with a molecular weight of 48 kDa. The zymography results revealed proteolytic activity based on the MA-1 band. MA-1 was found to be stable in the presence of Na+, Ca2+, Fe3+, K+, and Mg2+. MA-1 was also stable in methanol, ethanol, and acetone, and its enzyme activity increased by 15% in SDS. MA-1 was inhibited by ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid or ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid and exerted the highest specificity for the substrate, MeO-Suc-Arg-Pro-Tyr-pNA, for chymotrypsin. Accordingly, MA-1 belongs to the family of chymotrypsin-like metalloproteins. The optimum temperature was 40 °C and stability was stable in the range of 20 to 35 °C. The optimum pH and stability were pH 5.5 and pH 4-11. MA-1 exhibited stronger fibrinolytic activity than plasmin. MA-1 hydrolyzed the Aα, Bβ, and γ chains of fibrinogen within 2 h. MA-1 exhibited an antithrombotic effect in animal models. MA-1 was devoid of hemorrhagic activity at a dose of 80,000 U/kg. Overall, our results show that M. aitchisonii produces an acid-tolerant and antioxidative chymotrypsin-like fibrinolytic enzyme, and M. aitchisonii containing MA-1 could be a beneficial functional material for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and possible complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ho Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.L.); (S.-Y.S.); (J.W.P.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Mokpo 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yub Song
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.L.); (S.-Y.S.); (J.W.P.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Mokpo 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hui Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gwangju University, Gwangju 61743, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.C.); (S.K.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Seung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gwangju University, Gwangju 61743, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.C.); (S.K.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gwangju University, Gwangju 61743, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.C.); (S.K.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Jin Woo Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.L.); (S.-Y.S.); (J.W.P.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Mokpo 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hun Park
- College of Oriental Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju-si 58245, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chun-Sik Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung-Sik Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.L.); (S.-Y.S.); (J.W.P.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Mokpo 58554, Republic of Korea
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Surkova D, Lavrenova V, Klyagin S, Shestakova A, Osmolovsky A. Screening of proteases produced by Aspergillus micromycetes active against proteins of the hemostasis system. Curr Med Mycol 2023; 9:8-13. [PMID: 37867592 PMCID: PMC10590185 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.2023.150674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose For these intents, proteases cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death; hence, accurate diagnosis and treatment are urgently required are regarded as prospective agents . High substrate specificity is needed for an effective enzyme, which makes Aspergillus micromycetes, known for producing proteases with precise action, biotechnologically promising. This study mainly aimed to look at the possibilities of Aspergillus species, which had never been mentioned in terms of general proteolytics. Materials and Methods Every species was cultivated in two-stage submerged conditions with two different nitrogen sources; whereupon, proteolytic activity in culture fluid was determined. Chromogenic peptide substrates and fibrin plates were used to evaluate the thrombin, plasmin, factor Xa, urokinase, protein C-like, activating activities towards hemostasis proteins, as well as fibrinolytic and plasminogen-activating activities of these species. Results It was found that A. aureolatus and A. tennesseensis are active proteolytics exhibiting plasmin-like activities (116.17 and 87.09 U×10-3, respectively), factor Xa-like activity (76.27 and 77.92 U×10-3, respectively) and urokinase activity (85.99 and 59.91 U×10-3, respectively). The thrombin-like activity was found for A. tabacinus (50.37 U×10-3), and protein C-like activity was noticeable for A. creber, A. jensenii, A. protuberus, and A. ruber (62.90, 65.51, 73.37, and 111.85 U×10-3, respectively). Additionally, more than half of species had the ability to directly activate plasminogen or operate as fibrinolytics. Conclusion New proteolytic strains were discovered, offering hope for the therapy of cardiovascular disorders. The high specificity and activity of fungal enzymes make them useful in a variety of fields, including medicine and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Surkova
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktoria Lavrenova
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Klyagin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Shestakova
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Sreedharan SM, Rishi N, Singh R. Microbial Lipopeptides: Properties, Mechanics and Engineering for Novel Lipopeptides. Microbiol Res 2023; 271:127363. [PMID: 36989760 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms produce active surface agents called lipopeptides (LPs) which are amphiphilic in nature. They are cyclic or linear compounds and are predominantly isolated from Bacillus and Pseudomonas species. LPs show antimicrobial activity towards various plant pathogens and act by inhibiting the growth of these organisms. Several mechanisms are exhibited by LPs, such as cell membrane disruption, biofilm production, induced systematic resistance, improving plant growth, inhibition of spores, etc., making them suitable as biocontrol agents and highly advantageous for industrial utilization. The biosynthesis of lipopeptides involves large multimodular enzymes referred to as non-ribosomal peptide synthases. These enzymes unveil a broad range of engineering approaches through which lipopeptides can be overproduced and new LPs can be generated asserting high efficacy. Such approaches involve several synthetic biology systems and metabolic engineering techniques such as promotor engineering, enhanced precursor availability, condensation domain engineering, and adenylation domain engineering. Finally, this review provides an update of the applications of lipopeptides in various fields.
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13
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Yao M, Yang Y, Fan J, Ma C, Liu X, Wang Y, Wang B, Sun Z, McClements DJ, Zhang J, Liu L, Xia G, Zhang N, Sun Q. Production, purification, and functional properties of microbial fibrinolytic enzymes produced by microorganism obtained from soy-based fermented foods: developments and challenges. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3725-3750. [PMID: 36315047 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2134980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become a major cause of chronic illness around the globe. It has been reported that soy-based fermented food (SFF) is very effective in preventing thrombus (one of the most important contributing factors to CVD), which are mainly attributed to the bioactive substances, especially the fibrinolytic enzymes (FE) generated by microorganisms during the fermentation process of soybean food. This paper therefore mainly reviewed the microbial fibrinolytic enzymes (MFE) from SFF. We first discuss the use of microbial fermentation to produce FE, with an emphasis on the strains involved. The production, purification, physicochemical properties, structure-functional attributes, functional properties and possible application of MFE from SFF are then discussed. Finally, current limitations and future perspectives for the production, purification, and the practical application of MFE are discussed. MFE from SFF pose multiple health benefits, including thrombolysis, antihypertension, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemia, anticancer, neuroprotective, antiviral and other activities. Therefore, they exhibit great potential for functional foods and nutraceutical applications, especially foods with CVDs prevention potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Yao
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Fan
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Chunmin Ma
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Zhihui Sun
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | | | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Guanghua Xia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan, China
| | - Na Zhang
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Quancai Sun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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14
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Xue W, Li Y, Xia H, Yu T, Sun S, Zhang M. Influence of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume on severity and short-term prognosis of acute ischemic stroke. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:4066-4073. [PMID: 35836843 PMCID: PMC9274605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and mean platelet volume (MPV) on the severity and short-term prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). METHODS A retrospective analysis was made on 188 AIS patients treated in our hospital from June 2019 to June 2021. They were divided into mild stroke group and severe stroke group based on NIHSS score. In view of the modified Rankin score (mRS) on 14th day after stroke, patients were divided into good prognosis group and bad prognosis group. The clinical data, NLR and MPV data of each group were compared, and the independent risk factors of short-term poor prognosis of AIS patients were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression. RESULTS NLR and MPV in patients with mild stroke were lower than those with severe stroke (P<0.05). In addition, NLR and MPV of patients with good prognosis were lower than those with poor prognosis (P<0.05). Regression analysis revealed that high NLR and MPV were independent predictors of short-term poor prognosis of AIS patients. The AUC of NLR in predicting the poor prognosis of patients after 14 days of stroke was 0.904, and the specificity and sensitivity were 70.55% and 97.62%. A. AUC of MPV was 0.904, and the specificity and sensitivity were 92.47% and 85.71%. B. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that NLR was positively correlated with MPV (r=0.452, P<0.001). CONCLUSION The elevation of NLR and MPV may be independent risk factors of AIS, but it is related to the severity of stroke and short-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Xue
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, First People's Hospital of Huainan No. 203, Huaibin Road, Tianjia'an District, Huainan 232007, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yaqiang Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, First People's Hospital of Huainan No. 203, Huaibin Road, Tianjia'an District, Huainan 232007, Anhui Province, China
| | - Henglei Xia
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, First People's Hospital of Huainan No. 203, Huaibin Road, Tianjia'an District, Huainan 232007, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, First People's Hospital of Huainan No. 203, Huaibin Road, Tianjia'an District, Huainan 232007, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shiyu Sun
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, First People's Hospital of Huainan No. 203, Huaibin Road, Tianjia'an District, Huainan 232007, Anhui Province, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, First People's Hospital of Huainan No. 203, Huaibin Road, Tianjia'an District, Huainan 232007, Anhui Province, China
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Sharma C, Timorshina S, Osmolovskiy A, Misri J, Singh R. Chicken Feather Waste Valorization Into Nutritive Protein Hydrolysate: Role of Novel Thermostable Keratinase From Bacillus pacificus RSA27. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:882902. [PMID: 35547122 PMCID: PMC9083118 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.882902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial keratinases exhibit a momentous role in converting keratin biowastes into exceedingly valuable protein supplements. This study reports a novel, highly stable keratinase from Bacillus pacificus RSA27 for the production of pure peptides rich in essential amino acids from chicken feathers. Purified keratinase showed a specific activity of 38.73 U/mg, 2.58-fold purification, and molecular weight of 36 kDa. Kinetic studies using a chicken feather as substrate report Km and Vmax values of 5.69 mg/ml and 142.40 μg/ml/min, respectively, suggesting significant enzyme-substrate affinity/biocatalysis. Identification and in silico structural-functional analysis of keratinase discovered the presence of distinct amino acid residues and their positions. Besides, keratinase possesses a high-affinity calcium-binding site (Asp128, Leu162, Asn164, Ile166, and Val168) and a catalytic triad of Asp119, His151, and Ser308, known attributes of serine protease (subtilisin family). Furthermore, a scale-up to 5 L fermenter revealed complete feather hydrolysis (94.5%) within 24 h with high activity (789 U/ml) and total amino acid of 153.97 μmol/ml. Finally, cytotoxicity evaluation of protein hydrolysate resulted in negligible cytotoxic effects (1.02%) on the mammalian hepatoblastoma cell line, signifying its potential biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Sharma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Svetlana Timorshina
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Osmolovskiy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jyoti Misri
- Division of Animal Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajni Singh
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, India
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16
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Raina D, Kumar V, Saran S. A critical review on exploitation of agro-industrial biomass as substrates for the therapeutic microbial enzymes production and implemented protein purification techniques. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133712. [PMID: 35081402 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Annually, a huge amount of waste is generated by the industries that use agricultural biomass. Researchers have looked into employing this cheap and renewable agro-biomass as a substrate for enzyme production via fermentation processes to meet the ever-increasing worldwide need. Although there are a number of sources for enzyme extraction, microbial sources have dominated industrial sectors due to their easy availability and rapid growth. Microbial enzymes are currently used in a variety of industries, including pharmaceuticals, food, biofuels, textiles, paper, detergents, and so on, and using these nutritious feedstocks not only reduces production costs but also helps to reduce environmental concerns. The present review focuses on the therapeutic microbial enzymes produced using different agro-industrial biomass as raw materials, with down-streaming techniques for obtaining a final pure product. Additionally, the article also discussed biomass pretreatment processes, including physical, chemical and biological. The type of pretreatment method to be used is mostly governed by the intended use of the major molecular components of biomass (cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin). Finally, purification challenges are included. All of this information will be useful in the industrial synthesis of high-purity targeted enzymes if the crucial aspects that have been discussed are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Raina
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Saurabh Saran
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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17
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Barzkar N, Jahromi ST, Vianello F. Marine Microbial Fibrinolytic Enzymes: An Overview of Source, Production, Biochemical Properties and Thrombolytic Activity. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:46. [PMID: 35049901 PMCID: PMC8779250 DOI: 10.3390/md20010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have emerged as a major threat to global health resulting in a decrease in life expectancy with respect to humans. Thrombosis is one of the foremost causes of CVDs, and it is characterized by the unwanted formation of fibrin clots. Recently, microbial fibrinolytic enzymes due to their specific features have gained much more attention than conventional thrombolytic agents for the treatment of thrombosis. Marine microorganisms including bacteria and microalgae have the significant ability to produce fibrinolytic enzymes with improved pharmacological properties and lesser side effects and, hence, are considered as prospective candidates for large scale production of these enzymes. There are no studies that have evaluated the fibrinolytic potential of marine fungal-derived enzymes. The current review presents an outline regarding isolation sources, production, features, and thrombolytic potential of fibrinolytic biocatalysts from marine microorganisms identified so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Barzkar
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 74576, Iran
| | - Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas 93165, Iran
| | - Fabio Vianello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
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