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Hitchhiking into a cell: flavonoids may produce complexes with transition metals for transmembrane translocation. Biometals 2022; 35:1299-1306. [PMID: 36161545 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a group of food polyphenols that are delivered to the human body with plant foods. In recent years, these substances have attracted the attention of researchers due to their effectiveness in preventing a wide variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative, oncological, autoimmune, and cardiovascular. Similar pathologies may also occur with a lack of some first-row transition metals, including Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), Fe(II/III). It is noteworthy that flavonoids are known as transition metal chelators. When a complex with these metals is formed, the therapeutic effect of flavonoids can be enhanced, assuming the possibility of synergy. Molecular models have shown that the lipophilicity of flavonoid-metal complexes can vary significantly depending on their binding stoichiometry. Therefore, a unique process of translocation of flavonoid-metal complexes of various lipophilicity through cell membranes is assumed, based on the possibility of their sequential association and dissociation, called "hitchhiking". It is expected that studies of the interaction of flavonoids with metals will improve the effectiveness of drugs based on flavonoids.
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Chelation of Zinc with Biogenic Amino Acids: Description of Properties Using Balaban Index, Assessment of Biological Activity on Spirostomum Ambiguum Cellular Biosensor, Influence on Biofilms and Direct Antibacterial Action. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080979. [PMID: 36015127 PMCID: PMC9415815 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexation of biogenic molecules with metals is the widespread strategy in screening for new pharmaceuticals with improved therapeutic and physicochemical properties. This paper demonstrates the possibility of using simple QSAR modeling based on topological descriptors for chelates study. The presence of a relationship between the structure (J) and lipophilic properties (logP) of zinc complexes with amino acids, where two molecules coordinate the central atom through carboxyl oxygen and amino group nitrogen, and thus form a double ring structure, was predicted. Using a cellular biosensor model for Gly, Ala, Met, Val, Phe and their complexes Zn(AA)2, we experimentally confirmed the existence of a direct relationship between logP and biological activity (Ea). The results obtained using topological analysis, Spirotox method and microbiological testing allowed us to assume and prove that the chelate complex of zinc with methionine has the highest activity of inhibiting bacterial biofilms, while in aqueous solutions it does not reveal direct antibacterial effect.
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Kavanagh ON, Bhattacharya S, Marchetti L, Elmes R, O’Sullivan F, Farragher JP, Robinson S, Thompson D, Walker GM. Hydroxychloroquine Does Not Function as a Direct Zinc Ionophore. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050899. [PMID: 35631485 PMCID: PMC9147311 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-mediated correction of abnormal biological zinc homeostasis could provide new routes to treating neurodegeneration, cancer, and viral infections. Designing therapeutics to facilitate zinc transport intracellularly is hampered by inadequate concentrations of endogenous zinc, which is often protein-bound in vivo. We found strong evidence that hydroxychloroquine, a drug used to treat malaria and employed as a potential treatment for COVID-19, does not bind and transport zinc across biological membranes through ionophoric mechanisms, contrary to recent claims. In vitro complexation studies and liposomal transport assays are correlated with cellular zinc assays in A549 lung epithelial cells to confirm the indirect mechanism of hydroxychloroquine-mediated elevation in intracellular zinc without ionophorism. Molecular simulations show hydroxychloroquine-triggered helix perturbation in zinc-finger protein without zinc chelation, a potential alternative non-ionophoric mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oisín N. Kavanagh
- SSPC, The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (S.B.); (L.M.); (R.E.); (F.O.); (J.P.F.); (S.R.); (D.T.); (G.M.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University (National University of Ireland), W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 NR58 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence:
| | - Shayon Bhattacharya
- SSPC, The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (S.B.); (L.M.); (R.E.); (F.O.); (J.P.F.); (S.R.); (D.T.); (G.M.W.)
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Luke Marchetti
- SSPC, The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (S.B.); (L.M.); (R.E.); (F.O.); (J.P.F.); (S.R.); (D.T.); (G.M.W.)
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University (National University of Ireland), W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Robert Elmes
- SSPC, The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (S.B.); (L.M.); (R.E.); (F.O.); (J.P.F.); (S.R.); (D.T.); (G.M.W.)
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University (National University of Ireland), W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Finbarr O’Sullivan
- SSPC, The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (S.B.); (L.M.); (R.E.); (F.O.); (J.P.F.); (S.R.); (D.T.); (G.M.W.)
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 NR58 Dublin, Ireland
| | - John P. Farragher
- SSPC, The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (S.B.); (L.M.); (R.E.); (F.O.); (J.P.F.); (S.R.); (D.T.); (G.M.W.)
| | - Shane Robinson
- SSPC, The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (S.B.); (L.M.); (R.E.); (F.O.); (J.P.F.); (S.R.); (D.T.); (G.M.W.)
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Sciences, T45 P663 Cork, Ireland
| | - Damien Thompson
- SSPC, The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (S.B.); (L.M.); (R.E.); (F.O.); (J.P.F.); (S.R.); (D.T.); (G.M.W.)
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Gavin M. Walker
- SSPC, The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (S.B.); (L.M.); (R.E.); (F.O.); (J.P.F.); (S.R.); (D.T.); (G.M.W.)
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
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