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Delmondes GDA, Pereira Lopes MJ, Borges ADS, Bezerra DS, Silva JPD, Souto BS, Costa JGDS, Campos PEDS, Santana TID, Coutinho HDM, Barbosa-Filho JM, Alencar de Menezes IR, Bezerra Felipe CF, Kerntopf MR. Investigation of mechanisms of action involved in the antidepressant-like effect of Trans,trans-farnesol in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 386:110791. [PMID: 37923004 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate, through in vivo and biochemical methodologies, the effect of trans,trans-farnesol (12.5, 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg, p.o.) acute administration, adopting different behavioral and neurochemical parameters associated with an acute induced-depression model in mice. The initial results showed that, the oral treatment with trans,trans-farnesol, at the dose of 100 mg/kg induced a possible antidepressant-like effect in animals subjected to forced swim test (FST) and reserpine-induced akinesia. In addition, it was observed that the compound in question has an effect size and properties similar to imipramine (prototype of tricyclic antidepressants), but devoid of proconvulsant adverse effect. In biochemical assays, the pretreatment with trans,trans-farnesol, at a dose of 100 mg/kg (p.o.), decreased the hippocampal concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and restored striatal levels of noradrenaline and serotonin in mice subjected to FST. Altogether, these results suggest that trans,trans-farnesol showed a significant antidepressant-like effect, which seems to be mediated by the antagonism of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, reduction of oxidative stress and the modulation of noradrenaline and serotonin content in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyllyandeson de Araújo Delmondes
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil; Nursing Collegiate, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, Petrolina, PE, Brazil.
| | | | - Alex de Sousa Borges
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Daniel Souza Bezerra
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil; Natural Products Pharmacology Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Jairo Pessoa da Silva
- Nursing Collegiate, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Bruna Silva Souto
- Nursing Collegiate, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marta Regina Kerntopf
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil; Natural Products Pharmacology Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
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Monchaux de Oliveira C, Morael J, Guille A, Amadieu C, Vancassel S, Gaudout D, Capuron L, Pourtau L, Castanon N. Saffron extract interferes with lipopolysaccharide-induced brain activation of the kynurenine pathway and impairment of monoamine neurotransmission in mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1267839. [PMID: 37867499 PMCID: PMC10585275 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1267839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although activation of inflammatory processes is essential to fight infections, its prolonged impact on brain function is well known to contribute to the pathophysiology of many medical conditions, including neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, identifying novel strategies to selectively counter the harmful effects of neuroinflammation appears as a major health concern. In that context, this study aimed to test the relevance of a nutritional intervention with saffron, a spice known for centuries for its beneficial effect on health. Methods For this purpose, the impact of an acute oral administration of a standardized saffron extract, which was previously shown to display neuromodulatory properties and reduce depressive-like behavior, was measured in mice challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 830 μg/kg, ip). Results Pretreatment with saffron extract (6.5 mg/kg, per os) did not reduce LPS-induced sickness behavior, preserving therefore this adaptive behavioral response essential for host defense. However, it interfered with delayed changes of expression of cytokines, chemokines and markers of microglial activation measured 24 h post-LPS treatment in key brain areas for behavior and mood control (frontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum). Importantly, this pretreatment also counteracted by that time the impact of LPS on several neurobiological processes contributing to inflammation-induced emotional alterations, in particular the activation of the kynurenine pathway, assessed through the expression of its main enzymes, as well as concomitant impairment of serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission. Conclusion Altogether, this study provides important clues on how saffron extract interferes with brain function in conditions of immune stimulation and supports the relevance of saffron-based nutritional interventions to improve the management of inflammation-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Monchaux de Oliveira
- INRAE, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux IPB, Bordeaux, France
- Activ’Inside, Beychac-et-Caillau, France
| | - Jennifer Morael
- INRAE, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux IPB, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandrine Guille
- INRAE, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux IPB, Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Amadieu
- INRAE, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux IPB, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvie Vancassel
- INRAE, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux IPB, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Lucile Capuron
- INRAE, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux IPB, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Nathalie Castanon
- INRAE, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux IPB, Bordeaux, France
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De la Fuente Muñoz M, Román-Carmena M, Amor S, García-Villalón ÁL, Espinel AE, González-Hedström D, Granado García M. Effects of Supplementation with the Standardized Extract of Saffron (affron ®) on the Kynurenine Pathway and Melatonin Synthesis in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1619. [PMID: 37627614 PMCID: PMC10451224 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles and is mainly synthesized in the pineal gland from tryptophan after its conversion into serotonin. Under normal conditions, less than 5% of tryptophan is reserved for the synthesis of serotonin and melatonin. The remaining 95% is metabolized in the liver through the kynurenine pathway. Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and cortisol increase the metabolism of tryptophan through the kynurenine pathway and reduce its availability for the synthesis of melatonin and serotonin, which may cause alterations in mood and sleep. The standardized saffron extract (affron®) has shown beneficial effects on mood and sleep disorders in humans, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Thus, the aim of this work was to study the effects of affron® supplementation on the kynurenine pathway and the synthesis of melatonin in rats. For this purpose, adult male Wistar rats were supplemented for 7 days with 150 mg/kg of affron® or vehicle (2 mL/kg water) administered by gavage one hour before sleep. Affron® supplementation reduced body weight gain and increased the circulating levels of melatonin, testosterone, and c-HDL. Moreover, animals supplemented with affron® showed decreased serum levels of kynurenine, ET-1, and c-LDL. In the pineal gland, affron® reduced Il-6 expression and increased the expression of Aanat, the key enzyme for melatonin synthesis. In the liver, affron® administration decreased the mRNA levels of the enzymes of the kynurenine pathway Ido-2, Tod-2, and Aadat, as well as the gene expression of Il-1β and Tnf-α. Finally, rats treated with affron® showed increased mRNA levels of the antioxidant enzymes Ho-1, Sod-1, Gsr, and Gpx-3, both in the liver and in the pineal gland. In conclusion, affron® supplementation reduces kynurenine levels and promotes melatonin synthesis in rats, possibly through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, making this extract a possible alternative for the treatment and/or prevention of mood and sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario De la Fuente Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.l.F.M.); (M.R.-C.); (S.A.); (Á.L.G.-V.)
| | - Marta Román-Carmena
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.l.F.M.); (M.R.-C.); (S.A.); (Á.L.G.-V.)
| | - Sara Amor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.l.F.M.); (M.R.-C.); (S.A.); (Á.L.G.-V.)
| | - Ángel Luís García-Villalón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.l.F.M.); (M.R.-C.); (S.A.); (Á.L.G.-V.)
| | - Alberto E. Espinel
- Pharmactive Biotech Products S.L.U., Parque Científico de Madrid, Avenida del Doctor Severo Ochoa, 37 Local 4J, 28108 Alcobendas, Spain; (A.E.E.); (D.G.-H.)
| | - Daniel González-Hedström
- Pharmactive Biotech Products S.L.U., Parque Científico de Madrid, Avenida del Doctor Severo Ochoa, 37 Local 4J, 28108 Alcobendas, Spain; (A.E.E.); (D.G.-H.)
| | - Miriam Granado García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.l.F.M.); (M.R.-C.); (S.A.); (Á.L.G.-V.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Bioactive Molecules from Plants: Discovery and Pharmaceutical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102116. [PMID: 36297551 PMCID: PMC9608623 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Vancassel S, Fanet H, Castanon N, Monchaux De Oliveira C, Cussotto S, Capuron L. Tetrahydrobiopterin modulates the behavioral neuroinflammatory response to an LPS challenge in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 105:139-148. [PMID: 35781010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a necessary cofactor for the synthesis of monoamines from essential amino-acids, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. The BH4 synthesis pathway is induced by inflammatory factors but highly regulated processes maintain levels in a physiological range. However, BH4 activity can be durably altered in inflammation-related pathologies, such as certain types of depression, potentially involving impairment of dopaminergic neurotransmission. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of the brain BH4 pathway to the inflammatory stimulus induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. Brain expression of genes related to BH4 synthesis, levels of BH4, changes in L-aromatic amino acid precursors of monoamines and dopamine levels were determined. As secondary aim, the effect of acute BH4 supply under the inflammatory challenge was tested on these parameters and on the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Mice were also submitted to the sucrose preference test and to the open-field in order to asses hedonic and locomotor responses to LPS, in addition to their modulation by BH4 supply. The LPS challenge resulted in decreased striatal DA levels and increased Phenylalanine/Tyrosine ratio, suggesting reduced BH4 activity. BH4 supply was effective to increase striatal BH4 levels, to restore the LPS-induced decreased in DA levels in striatum and to dampen the LPS-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines. At the behavioral level, BH4 supply was able to restore the loss of locomotor response to amphetamine in the LPS treated mice, suggesting a modulation of the dopaminergic neurotransmission. These data suggest that BH4 can be considered as a potential add-on molecule, helping to maintain or restore dopaminergic neurotransmission in neuroinflammatory conditions..
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vancassel
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France.
| | - H Fanet
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France; OptiNutriBrain, International Associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Quebec City, Canada
| | - N Castanon
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - S Cussotto
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - L Capuron
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
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Correia AS, Vale N. Tryptophan Metabolism in Depression: A Narrative Review with a Focus on Serotonin and Kynurenine Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158493. [PMID: 35955633 PMCID: PMC9369076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common and serious disorder, characterized by symptoms like anhedonia, lack of energy, sad mood, low appetite, and sleep disturbances. This disease is very complex and not totally elucidated, in which diverse molecular and biological mechanisms are involved, such as neuroinflammation. There is a high need for the development of new therapies and gaining new insights into this disease is urgent. One important player in depression is the amino acid tryptophan. This amino acid can be metabolized in two important pathways in the context of depression: the serotonin and kynurenine pathways. These metabolic pathways of tryptophan are crucial in several processes that are linked with depression. Indeed, the maintenance of the balance of serotonin and kynurenine pathways is critical for the human physiological homeostasis. Thus, this narrative review aims to explore tryptophan metabolism (particularly in the serotonin and kynurenine pathways) in depression, starting with a global overview about these topics and ending with the focus on these pathways in neuroinflammation, stress, microbiota, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulation in this disease. Taken together, this information aims to clarify the metabolism of tryptophan in depression, particularly the serotonin and kynurenine pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Salomé Correia
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-220426537
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Scuto M, Modafferi S, Rampulla F, Zimbone V, Tomasello M, Spano’ S, Ontario M, Palmeri A, Trovato Salinaro A, Siracusa R, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S, Calabrese E, Wenzel U, Calabrese V. Redox modulation of stress resilience by Crocus Sativus L. for potential neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory applications in brain disorders: From molecular basis to therapy. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 205:111686. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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