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Gomes SN, Biscaia IFB, Lopes DS, Mengarda M, Murakami FS, Oliveira PR, Bernardi LS. Cocrystals Enhance Biopharmaceutical and Antimicrobial Properties of Norfloxacin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2211. [PMID: 37765180 PMCID: PMC10536922 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A solvate cocrystal of the antimicrobial norfloxacin (NFX) was formed by using isonicotinamide (INA) as a coformer with the solvent evaporation technique. The cocrystal formation was confirmed by performing solid-state characterization techniques. We evaluated the dissolution under supersaturated conditions and also the solubility at the vertex of triphasic domain of cocrystal and NFX in both water and Fasted-State Simulated Intestinal Fluid (FaSSIF). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the microdilution technique. The cocrystal showed 1.8 times higher dissolution than NFX in water at 60 min and 1.3 times higher in FaSSIF at 180 min in the kinetic study. The cocrystal also had an increase in solubility of 8.38 times in water and 6.41 times in FaSSIF. The biopharmaceutical properties of NFX with cocrystallization improved antimicrobial action, as shown in the results of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and inhibitory concentrations of 50% (IC50%) and 90% (IC90%). This paper presents, for the first time, a more in-depth analysis of the cocrystal of NFX-INA concerning its dissolution, solubility, and antimicrobial activity. In all these criteria, the cocrystal obtained better results compared to the pure drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Nascimento Gomes
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava 85040-080, Brazil; (S.N.G.); (I.F.B.B.); (D.S.L.); (L.S.B.)
| | - Isabela Fanelli Barreto Biscaia
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava 85040-080, Brazil; (S.N.G.); (I.F.B.B.); (D.S.L.); (L.S.B.)
| | - Diana Schon Lopes
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava 85040-080, Brazil; (S.N.G.); (I.F.B.B.); (D.S.L.); (L.S.B.)
| | - Mariana Mengarda
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 80210-170, Brazil (F.S.M.)
| | - Fábio Seigi Murakami
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 80210-170, Brazil (F.S.M.)
| | - Paulo Renato Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava 85040-080, Brazil; (S.N.G.); (I.F.B.B.); (D.S.L.); (L.S.B.)
| | - Larissa Sakis Bernardi
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava 85040-080, Brazil; (S.N.G.); (I.F.B.B.); (D.S.L.); (L.S.B.)
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Ferreira PO, de Almeida AC, Costa GDP, Torquetti C, Baptista JA, Eusébio MES, Caires FJ, Castro RAE. Norfloxacin Cocrystals: Mechanochemical Synthesis and Scale-up Viability Through Solubility Studies. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2230-2239. [PMID: 36921800 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Cocrystals are recognized as one of the most efficient approaches to improve aqueous solubility of Biopharmaceutical Classification System, BCS, classes II and IV drugs. Cocrystal discovery and the establishment of experimental conditions suitable for scale-up purposes are some of the main challenges in cocrystal investigation. In this work, the investigation of mechanochemical synthesis of norfloxacin cocrystals with picolinic and isonicotinic acids is performed, leading to the discovery of two new cocrystals of this important BCS class IV antibiotic, which were characterized through thermal, spectral and diffractometric analysis. Norfloxacin apparent aqueous solubility using the cocrystals is also presented, with higher values being obtained for all the investigated systems when compared to the pure drug. Norfloxacin has 3 polymorphs and several solvents/hydrates, which represents a challenge for obtaining pure cocrystal forms from solvent crystallization. This challenge was successfully overcome in this work, as experimental conditions to obtain the pure cocrystals (the new ones and also norfloxacin-nicotinic acid and norfloxacin-saccharin) were established using Crystal16 equipment. This is a crucial step to envisage future scale-up procedures and therefore a valuable information for the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carolina Torquetti
- School of Sciences, São Paulo State University, 17033-360, Bauru, Brazil
| | - João A Baptista
- CQC/IMS, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Flavio J Caires
- School of Sciences, São Paulo State University, 17033-360, Bauru, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo A E Castro
- CQC/IMS, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Wathoni N, Sari WA, Elamin KM, Mohammed AFA, Suharyani I. A Review of Coformer Utilization in Multicomponent Crystal Formation. Molecules 2022; 27:8693. [PMID: 36557827 PMCID: PMC9786674 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most recently discovered active pharmaceutical molecules and market-approved medicines are poorly soluble in water, resulting in limited drug bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. The application of coformers in a multicomponent crystal method is one possible strategy to modulate a drug's solubility. A multicomponent crystal is a solid phase formed when several molecules of different substances crystallize in a crystal lattice with a certain stoichiometric ratio. The goal of this review paper is to comprehensively describe the application of coformers in the formation of multicomponent crystals as solutions for pharmaceutically active ingredients with limited solubility. Owing to their benefits including improved physicochemical profile of pharmaceutically active ingredients, multicomponent crystal methods are predicted to become increasingly prevalent in the development of active drug ingredients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Research Center of Biopolymer for Drug and Cosmetic Delivery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Wuri Ariestika Sari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Khaled M. Elamin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | | | - Ine Suharyani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon, Jl. Cideng Indah No.3, Cirebon 45153, Indonesia
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Virtual Cocrystal Screening of Adefovir Dipivoxyl: Identification of New Solid Forms with Improved Dissolution and Permeation Profiles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112310. [DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of a computational screening methodology based on the calculation of intermolecular interaction energies has guided the discovery of new multicomponent solid forms of the oral antiviral Adefovir Dipivoxyl. Three new cocrystals with resorcinol, orcinol and hydroquinone have been synthesized and thoroughly characterized. They show improved dissolution profiles with respect to the single solid form, particularly the cocrystals of orcinol and resorcinol, which have 3.2- and 2-fold faster dissolution rates at stomach conditions (pH 1.5). Moreover, dynamic dissolution experiments that simultaneously mimic both the pH variation along the gastrointestinal tract and the partition into biological membranes show that, in addition to the faster initial dissolution, Adefovir Dipivoxyl also penetrates faster into the organic membranes in the form of resorcinol and orcinol cocrystals.
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Liu L, An Q, Zhang Y, Sun W, Li J, Feng Y, Geng Y, Cheng G. Improving the solubility, hygroscopicity and permeability of enrofloxacin by forming 1:2 pharmaceutical salt cocrystal with neutral and anionic co-existing p-nitrobenzoic acid. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pang X, Tao Y, Zhang J, Chen H, Sun A, Ren G, Yang W, Pan Q. New Chrysin-based co-crystals: synthesis, characterization and dissolution studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Experimental and Hirshfeld Surface Investigations for Unexpected Aminophenazone Cocrystal Formation under Thiourea Reaction Conditions via Possible Enamine Assisted Rearrangement. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12050608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Considering the astounding biomedicine properties of pharmaceutically active drug, 4-aminophenazone, also known as 4-aminoantipyrine, the work reported in this manuscript details the formation of novel cocrystals of rearranged 4-aminophenazone and 4-nitro-N-(4-nitrobenzoyl) benzamide in 1:1 stoichiometry under employed conditions for thiourea synthesis by exploiting the use of its active amino component. However, detailed analysis via various characterization techniques such as FT-IR, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and single crystal XRD, for this unforeseen, but useful cocrystalline synthetic adduct (4 and 5) prompted us to delve into its mechanistic pathway under provided reaction conditions. The coformer 4-nitro-N-(4-nitrobenzoyl) benzamide originates via nucleophilic addition reaction following tetrahedral mechanism between para-nitro substituted benzoyl amide and its acid halide (1). While the enamine nucleophilic addition reaction by 4-aminophenazone on 4-nitrosubstituted aroyl isothiocyanates under reflux temperature suggests the emergence of rearranged counterpart of cocrystal named N-(1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonothioyl)-4-nitrobenzamide. Crystallographic studies reveal triclinic system P-1 space group for cocrystal (4 and 5) and depicts two different crystallographically independent molecules with prominent C–H···O and N–H···O hydrogen bonding effective for structure stabilization. Hirshfeld surface analysis also displays hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions as dominant interactions in crystal packing. Further insight into the cocrystal synthetic methodologies supported the occurrence of solution-based evaporation/cocrystallization methodology in our case during purification step, promoting the synthesis of this first-ever reported novel cocrystal of 4-aminophenazone with promising future application in medicinal industry.
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Wong SN, Low KH, Weng J, Chan HW, Chow SF. Expanding the solid-state landscape of dexamethasone: a specific sandwich structure in facilitating the formation of kinetically stable cocrystals from mechanochemistry. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00758d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We herein report the successful synthesis of the first two dexamethasone cocrystals from mechanochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Nga Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jingwen Weng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Wan Chan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shing Fung Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Mannava MKC, Garai A, Bommaka MK, Solomon KA, Nangia AK. Solubility and permeability enhancement of BCS class IV drug ribociclib through cocrystallization. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce01288j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cocrystallization improves the solubility and permeability of BCS class IV anticancer drug ribociclib as a cocrystal with resorcinol and as a salt hydrate with vanillic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. K. Chaitanya Mannava
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Central University P.O., Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Hyderabad 500046, India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering, Dayananda Sagar University, Kudlu Gate, Bangalore 560 068, India
| | - Abhijit Garai
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Central University P.O., Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Manish K. Bommaka
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Central University P.O., Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - K. Anand Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering, Dayananda Sagar University, Kudlu Gate, Bangalore 560 068, India
| | - Ashwini K. Nangia
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Central University P.O., Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Hyderabad 500046, India
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