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Yi J, Liu L, Gao W, Zeng J, Chen Y, Pang E, Lan M, Yu C. Advances and perspectives in phototherapy-based combination therapy for cancer treatment. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:6285-6304. [PMID: 38895829 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00483c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Phototherapy, including photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), has the advantages of spatiotemporal selectivity, non-invasiveness, and negligible drug resistance. Phototherapy has been approved for treating superficial epidermal tumors. However, its therapeutic efficacy is limited by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and the highly expressed heat shock protein. Moreover, poor tissue penetration and focused irradiation laser region in phototherapy make treating deep tissues and metastatic tumors challenging. Combination therapy strategies, which integrate the advantages of each treatment and overcome their disadvantages, can significantly improve the therapeutic efficacy. Recently, many combination therapy strategies have been reported. Our study summarizes the strategies used for combining phototherapy with other cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, sonodynamic therapy, gas therapy, starvation therapy, and chemodynamic therapy. Some research cases were selected to analyze the combination therapy effect, delivery platform feature, and synergetic anticancer mechanisms. Moreover, additional research cases are summarized in the tables. This review provides strong evidence that phototherapy-based combination strategies can enhance the anticancer effect compared with phototherapy alone. Additionally, the challenges and future perspectives associated with these combinational therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Yi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Gland Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
| | - Luyao Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Gland Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, China.
| | - Wenjie Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
| | - Jie Zeng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Gland Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, China.
| | - Yongzhi Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225000, China
| | - E Pang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China.
| | - Minhuan Lan
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China.
| | - Chunzhao Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
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2
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Dmytriv TR, Lushchak VI. Potential Biosafety of Mxenes: Stability, Biodegradability, Toxicity and Biocompatibility. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300338. [PMID: 38389182 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
MXenes are two-dimensional nanomaterials with unique properties that are widely used in various fields of research, mostly in the field of energy. Fewer publications are devoted to MXene application in biomedicine and the question is: are MXenes safe for use in biological systems? The sharp edges of MXenes provide the structure of "nanoknives" which cause damage in direct physical contact with cells. This is effectively used for antibacterial research. However, on the other hand, most studies in cultured cells and rodents report that they do not cause obvious signs of cytotoxicity and are fully biocompatible. The aim of our review was to consider whether MXenes can really be considered non-toxic and biocompatible. Often the last two concepts are confused. We first reviewed aspects such as the stability and biodegradation of MXenes, and then analyzed the mechanisms of toxicity and their consequences for bacteria, cultured cells, and rodents, with subsequent conclusions regarding their biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana R Dmytriv
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
- Research and Development University, Shota Rustaveli Str., 76018, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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3
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Zimmermann M, Gerken LRH, Wee S, Kissling VM, Neuer AL, Tsolaki E, Gogos A, Lukatskaya MR, Herrmann IK. X-ray radio-enhancement by Ti 3C 2T x MXenes in soft tissue sarcoma. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7826-7837. [PMID: 37878039 PMCID: PMC10697419 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00607g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a cornerstone of cancer treatment. However, due to the low tissue specificity of ionizing radiation, damage to the surrounding healthy tissue of the tumor remains a significant challenge. In recent years, radio-enhancers based on inorganic nanomaterials have gained considerable interest. Beyond the widely explored metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, 2D materials, such as MXenes, could present potential benefits because of their inherently large specific surface area. In this study, we highlight the promising radio-enhancement properties of Ti3C2Tx MXenes. We demonstrate that atomically thin layers of titanium carbides (Ti3C2Tx MXenes) are efficiently internalized and well-tolerated by mammalian cells. Contrary to MXenes suspended in aqueous buffers, which fully oxidize within days, yielding rice-grain shaped rutile nanoparticles, the MXenes internalized by cells oxidize at a slower rate. This is consistent with cell-free experiments that have shown slower oxidation rates in cell media and lysosomal buffers compared to dispersants without antioxidants. Importantly, the MXenes exhibit robust radio-enhancement properties, with dose enhancement factors reaching up to 2.5 in human soft tissue sarcoma cells, while showing no toxicity to healthy human fibroblasts. When compared to oxidized MXenes and commercial titanium dioxide nanoparticles, the intact 2D titanium carbide flakes display superior radio-enhancement properties. In summary, our findings offer evidence for the potent radio-enhancement capabilities of Ti3C2Tx MXenes, marking them as a promising candidate for enhancing radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Zimmermann
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lukas R H Gerken
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Shianlin Wee
- Electrochemical Energy Systems Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vera M Kissling
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Anna L Neuer
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Elena Tsolaki
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Gogos
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Maria R Lukatskaya
- Electrochemical Energy Systems Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Inge K Herrmann
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland
- The Ingenuity Lab, University Hospital Balgrist, Balgrist Campus, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 71, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
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Gao F, Xue C, Zhang T, Zhang L, Zhu GY, Ou C, Zhang YZ, Dong X. MXene-Based Functional Platforms for Tumor Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302559. [PMID: 37142810 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, 2D transition metal carbide, nitride, and carbonitrides (MXenes) materials stand out in the field of tumor therapy, particularly in the construction of functional platforms for optimal antitumor therapy due to their high specific surface area, tunable performance, strong absorption of near-infrared light as well as preferable surface plasmon resonance effect. In this review, the progress of MXene-mediated antitumor therapy is summarized after appropriate modifications or integration procedures. The enhanced antitumor treatments directly performed by MXenes, the significant improving effect of MXenes on different antitumor therapies, as well as the MXene-mediated imaging-guided antitumor strategies are discussed in detail. Moreover, the existing challenges and future development directions of MXenes in tumor therapy are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Gao
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Chun Xue
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Guo-Yin Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Changjin Ou
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Xiaochen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, China
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
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5
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Kizhepat S, Rasal AS, Chang JY, Wu HF. Development of Two-Dimensional Functional Nanomaterials for Biosensor Applications: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Prospects. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091520. [PMID: 37177065 PMCID: PMC10180329 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
New possibilities for the development of biosensors that are ready to be implemented in the field have emerged thanks to the recent progress of functional nanomaterials and the careful engineering of nanostructures. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have exceptional physical, chemical, highly anisotropic, chemically active, and mechanical capabilities due to their ultra-thin structures. The diversity of the high surface area, layered topologies, and porosity found in 2D nanomaterials makes them amenable to being engineered with surface characteristics that make it possible for targeted identification. By integrating the distinctive features of several varieties of nanostructures and employing them as scaffolds for bimolecular assemblies, biosensing platforms with improved reliability, selectivity, and sensitivity for the identification of a plethora of analytes can be developed. In this review, we compile a number of approaches to using 2D nanomaterials for biomolecule detection. Subsequently, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of using 2D nanomaterials in biosensing. Finally, both the opportunities and the challenges that exist within this potentially fruitful subject are discussed. This review will assist readers in understanding the synthesis of 2D nanomaterials, their alteration by enzymes and composite materials, and the implementation of 2D material-based biosensors for efficient bioanalysis and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsa Kizhepat
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 70, Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Akash S Rasal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yaw Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 70, Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Zarepour A, Ahmadi S, Rabiee N, Zarrabi A, Iravani S. Self-Healing MXene- and Graphene-Based Composites: Properties and Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:100. [PMID: 37052734 PMCID: PMC10102289 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Today, self-healing graphene- and MXene-based composites have attracted researchers due to the increase in durability as well as the cost reduction in long-time applications. Different studies have focused on designing novel self-healing graphene- and MXene-based composites with enhanced sensitivity, stretchability, and flexibility as well as improved electrical conductivity, healing efficacy, mechanical properties, and energy conversion efficacy. These composites with self-healing properties can be employed in the field of wearable sensors, supercapacitors, anticorrosive coatings, electromagnetic interference shielding, electronic-skin, soft robotics, etc. However, it appears that more explorations are still needed to achieve composites with excellent arbitrary shape adaptability, suitable adhesiveness, ideal durability, high stretchability, immediate self-healing responsibility, and outstanding electromagnetic features. Besides, optimizing reaction/synthesis conditions and finding suitable strategies for functionalization/modification are crucial aspects that should be comprehensively investigated. MXenes and graphene exhibited superior electrochemical properties with abundant surface terminations and great surface area, which are important to evolve biomedical and sensing applications. However, flexibility and stretchability are important criteria that need to be improved for their future applications. Herein, the most recent advancements pertaining to the applications and properties of self-healing graphene- and MXene-based composites are deliberated, focusing on crucial challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Zarepour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19857-17443, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Esfahān, 81746-73461, Iran.
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Manisekaran R, Chettiar ADR, Kandasamy G, Garcia-Contreras R, Acosta-Torres LS. State-of-the-art: MXene structures in nano-oncology. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 147:213354. [PMID: 36842245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer nanomedicine has been investigated widely and boomed in the last two decades, resulting in designing nanostructures with biofunctionalization, giving rise to an "All-in-One" multifunctional platform. The development of rational design technology with extended functionalities brought interdisciplinary researchers to work continuously, aiming to find a prevent or effectively treat the deadly disease of the century. Thus, it led to some Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approving nano-based formulations for cancer treatment and opening a vast area of promising discoveries by exploiting different nanomaterials. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have recently gained tremendous interest among scientists because of their outstanding structural, optical, electronic, thermal, and mechanical characteristics. Among various 2D nanomaterials, MXenes are a widely studied nanosystem because of their close similarity to graphene analogs. So, it is synthesized using multiple approaches and exploits their inherited properties. But in most cases, surface functionalization techniques are carried out for targeting, site-specific drug clearance, renal clearance, and biocompatible with healthy cells. Thus, fabricating a multimodal agent for mono or combined therapies is also an image-guided diagnostic agent. This review will explain the recent and emerging advancements of MXenes-based composites as a multifunctional theragnostic agent and discuss the possibilities of transferring laboratory research to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandran Manisekaran
- Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory (LII), Nanostructures and Biomaterials Area, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Predio el Saucillo y el Potrero, Comunidad de los Tepetates, 37684 León, Mexico.
| | - Aruna-Devi Rasu Chettiar
- Facultad de Química, Materiales-Energía, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, 76010 Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Ganeshlenin Kandasamy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rene Garcia-Contreras
- Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory (LII), Nanostructures and Biomaterials Area, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Predio el Saucillo y el Potrero, Comunidad de los Tepetates, 37684 León, Mexico
| | - Laura Susana Acosta-Torres
- Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory (LII), Nanostructures and Biomaterials Area, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Predio el Saucillo y el Potrero, Comunidad de los Tepetates, 37684 León, Mexico
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Siwal SS, Kaur H, Chauhan G, Thakur VK. MXene‐Based Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications: Healthier Substitute Materials for the Future. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samarjeet Singh Siwal
- Department of Chemistry M.M. Engineering College Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University) Mullana-Ambala Haryana 133207 India
| | - Harjot Kaur
- Department of Chemistry M.M. Engineering College Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University) Mullana-Ambala Haryana 133207 India
| | - Gunjan Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry M.M. Engineering College Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University) Mullana-Ambala Haryana 133207 India
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center Scotland's Rural College (SRUC) Kings Buildings, West Mains Road Edinburgh EH9 3JG UK
- School of Engineering University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES) Dehradun Uttarakhand 248007 India
- Centre for Research & Development Chandigarh University Mohali Punjab 140413 India
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Gao N, Zhao J, Zhu X, Xu J, Ling G, Zhang P. Functional two-dimensional MXenes as cancer theranostic agents. Acta Biomater 2022; 154:1-22. [PMID: 36243374 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, MXenes, as a kind of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials with exceptional performance, have become the research hotspots owing to their unique structural, electronic, and chemical properties. They have potential applications in electrochemical storage, photocatalysis, and biosensors. Furthermore, they have certain characteristics such as large surface area, favorable biocompatibility, and ideal mechanical properties, which can expand their applications in biomedical fields, especially in cancer therapy. To date, several researchers have explored the applications of MXenes in tumor elimination, which exhibited other fantastic properties of those 2D MXenes, such as efficient in vivo photothermal ablation, low phototoxicity, high biocompatibility, etc. In this review, the structures, properties, modifications, and preparation methods are introduced respectively. More importantly, the multifunctional platforms for cancer therapy based on MXenes nanosheets (NSs) are reviewed in detail, including single-modality and combined-modality cancer therapy. Finally, the prospects and challenges of MXenes are prospected and discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this review, the structures, properties, modifications, and preparation methods of MXenes nanomaterials are introduced, respectively. In addition, the preparation conditions and morphological characterizations of some common MXenes for therapeutic platforms are also summarized. More importantly, the practical applications of MXenes-based nanosheets are reviewed in detail, including drug delivery, biosensing, bioimaging, and multifunctional tumor therapy platforms. Finally, the future prospects and challenges of MXenes are prospected and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Gao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiuhong Zhao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guixia Ling
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Wen S, Xiong Y, Cai S, Li H, Zhang X, Sun Q, Yang R. Plasmon-enhanced photothermal properties of Au@Ti 3C 2T x nanosheets for antibacterial applications. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:16572-16580. [PMID: 36314771 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05115j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains have become an ever-increasing public concern due to their significant threats to health safety. Nanomaterial-based photothermal treatment has shown potential in antibacterial applications, but many nanomaterials exhibited limited photothermal activity that may compromise their antibacterial efficacies. Herein, we report a novel strategy based on efficient photothermal ablation and physical contact over a supported nanostructure by loading Au nanoparticles (NPs) on few-layered Ti3C2Tx nanosheets (NSs) for antibacterial treatment. Ti3C2Tx NSs are delaminated via etching and sonication, and act as a reductant for the in situ reduction of HAuCl4·xH2O, producing "naked" Au NPs without any stabilizers. Meanwhile, by adjusting the Au/Ti ratio, the size and loading of the Au NPs are finely regulated, thereby providing an ideal model of a surface-clean Au@Ti3C2Tx heterostructure for probing the composition-performance relationship. Upon irradiation with visible light, it exhibits synergistically enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency and stability, owing to the localized surface plasmonic resonance effect of Au NP and Au-NS interactions. Moreover, under visible light irradiation for 10 min, the Au@ Ti3C2Tx heterostructure exhibits excellent antibacterial activity for Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli, and kills over 99% bacteria with a low dose of the nanomedicine suspension (50 μg mL-1). The work demonstrates that the incorporation of transition metal carbides with plasmonic metal nanostructures is an effective strategy to enhance the photothermal antibacterial efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Wen
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, CAS centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Sino-Danish College, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Youlin Xiong
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, CAS centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Shuangfei Cai
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, CAS centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Haolin Li
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, CAS centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Sino-Danish College, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xining Zhang
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, CAS centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Sino-Danish College, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qian Sun
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, CAS centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Rong Yang
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, CAS centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Sino-Danish College, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Mohajer F, Ziarani GM, Badiei A, Iravani S, Varma RS. Advanced MXene-Based Micro- and Nanosystems for Targeted Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13101773. [PMID: 36296126 PMCID: PMC9606889 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
MXenes with unique mechanical, optical, electronic, and thermal properties along with a specific large surface area for surface functionalization/modification, high electrical conductivity, magnetic properties, biocompatibility, and low toxicity have been explored as attractive candidates for the targeted delivery of drugs in cancer therapy. These two-dimensional materials have garnered much attention in the field of cancer therapy since they have shown suitable photothermal effects, biocompatibility, and luminescence properties. However, outstanding challenging issues regarding their pharmacokinetics, biosafety, targeting properties, optimized functionalization, synthesis/reaction conditions, and clinical translational studies still need to be addressed. Herein, recent advances and upcoming challenges in the design of advanced targeted drug delivery micro- and nanosystems in cancer therapy using MXenes have been discussed to motivate researchers to further investigate this field of science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohajer
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran 19938-93973, Iran
| | - Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran 19938-93973, Iran
- Correspondence: (G.M.Z.); (R.S.V.)
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (G.M.Z.); (R.S.V.)
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12
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Iravani S, Varma RS. MXenes in Cancer Nanotheranostics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12193360. [PMID: 36234487 PMCID: PMC9565327 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
MXenes encompass attractive properties such as a large surface area, unique chemical structures, stability, elastic mechanical strength, excellent electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, and ease of surface functionalization/modifications, which make them one of the broadly explored two-dimensional materials in the world. MXene-based micro- and nanocomposites/systems with special optical, mechanical, electronic, and excellent targeting/selectivity features have been explored for cancer nanotheranostics. These materials exhibit great diagnostic and therapeutic potential and offer opportunities for cancer photoacoustic imaging along with photodynamic and photothermal therapy. They can be applied to targeted anticancer drug delivery while being deployed for the imaging/diagnosis of tumors/cancers and malignancies. MXene-based systems functionalized with suitable biocompatible or bioactive agents have suitable cellular uptake features with transferring potential from vascular endothelial cells and specific localization, high stability, and auto-fluorescence benefits at different emission-excitation wavelengths, permitting post-transport examination and tracking. The surface engineering of MXenes can improve their biocompatibility, targeting, bioavailability, and biodegradability along with their optical, mechanical, and electrochemical features to develop multifunctional systems with cancer theranostic applications. However, challenges still persist in terms of their environmentally benign fabrication, up-scalability, functionality improvement, optimization conditions, surface functionalization, biocompatibility, biodegradability, clinical translational studies, and pharmacokinetics. This manuscript delineates the recent advancements, opportunities, and important challenges pertaining to the cancer nanotheranostic potential of MXenes and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (R.S.V.)
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (R.S.V.)
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Ye Z, Huang Y, Li J, Ma T, Gao L, Hu H, He Q, Jin H, Li Z. Two-dimensional ultrathin Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets coated intraocular lens for synergistic photothermal and NIR-controllable rapamycin releasing therapy against posterior capsule opacification. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:989099. [PMID: 36110318 PMCID: PMC9468448 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.989099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is one of the most frequent late-onset complications after cataract surgery. Several kinds of drug-eluting intraocular lenses (IOL) were designed for sustainable drug release to suppress ocular inflammation, the proliferation of lens epithelial cells (LECs) and the development of PCO after cataract surgery. Despite previous advances in this field, the drug-loaded IOLs were limited in ocular toxicity, insufficient drug-loading capacity, and short release time. To prevent PCO and to address these drawbacks, a novel drug-loaded IOL (Rapa@Ti3C2-IOL), prepared from two-dimensional ultrathin Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets and rapamycin (Rapa), was fabricated with a two-step spin coating method in this study. Rapa@Ti3C2 was prepared via electrostatic self-assembly of Ti3C2 and Rapa, with a loading capacity of Rapa at 92%. Ti3C2 was used as a drug delivery reservoir of Rapa. Rapa@Ti3C2-IOL was designed to have the synergistic photothermal and near infrared (NIR)-controllable drug release property. As a result, Rapa@Ti3C2-IOL exhibited the advantages of simple preparation, high light transmittance, excellent photothermal conversion capacity, and NIR-controllable drug release behavior. The Rapa@Ti3C2 coating effectively eliminated the LECs around Rapa@Ti3C2-IOL under a mild 808-nm NIR laser irradiation (1.0 W/cm−2). Moreover, NIR-controllable Rapa release inhibited the migration of LECs and suppressed the inflammatory response after photothermal therapy in vitro. Then, Rapa@Ti3C2-IOL was implanted into chinchilla rabbit eyes, and the effectiveness and biocompatibility to prevent PCO were evaluated for 4 weeks. The Rapa@Ti3C2-IOL implant exhibited excellent PCO prevention ability with the assistance of NIR irradiation and no obvious pathological damage was observed in surrounding healthy tissues. In summary, the present study offers a promising strategy for preventing PCO via ultrathin Ti3C2 MXene nanosheet-based IOLs with synergistic photothermal and NIR-controllable Rapa release properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Ye
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Electric Power Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinglan Li
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianju Ma
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lixiong Gao
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Hu
- Suzhou Beike Nano Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huihui Hu, ; Qing He, 2608169765qq.com; Haiying Jin, ; Zhaohui Li,
| | - Qing He
- Suzhou Beike Nano Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huihui Hu, ; Qing He, 2608169765qq.com; Haiying Jin, ; Zhaohui Li,
| | - Haiying Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Huihui Hu, ; Qing He, 2608169765qq.com; Haiying Jin, ; Zhaohui Li,
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Huihui Hu, ; Qing He, 2608169765qq.com; Haiying Jin, ; Zhaohui Li,
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Koyappayil A, Chavan SG, Roh YG, Lee MH. Advances of MXenes; Perspectives on Biomedical Research. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070454. [PMID: 35884257 PMCID: PMC9313156 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The last decade witnessed the emergence of a new family of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides named MXenes, which quickly gained momentum due to their exceptional electrical, mechanical, optical, and tunable functionalities. These outstanding properties also rendered them attractive materials for biomedical and biosensing applications, including drug delivery systems, antimicrobial applications, tissue engineering, sensor probes, auxiliary agents for photothermal therapy and hyperthermia applications, etc. The hydrophilic nature of MXenes with rich surface functional groups is advantageous for biomedical applications over hydrophobic nanoparticles that may require complicated surface modifications. As an emerging 2D material with numerous phases and endless possible combinations with other 2D materials, 1D materials, nanoparticles, macromolecules, polymers, etc., MXenes opened a vast terra incognita for diverse biomedical applications. Recently, MXene research picked up the pace and resulted in a flood of literature reports with significant advancements in the biomedical field. In this context, this review will discuss the recent advancements, design principles, and working mechanisms of some interesting MXene-based biomedical applications. It also includes major progress, as well as key challenges of various types of MXenes and functional MXenes in conjugation with drug molecules, metallic nanoparticles, polymeric substrates, and other macromolecules. Finally, the future possibilities and challenges of this magnificent material are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Koyappayil
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuseok-ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, Korea; (A.K.); (S.G.C.)
| | - Sachin Ganpat Chavan
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuseok-ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, Korea; (A.K.); (S.G.C.)
| | - Yun-Gil Roh
- Department of Convergence in Health and Biomedicine, Chungbuk University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuseok-ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, Korea; (A.K.); (S.G.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-820-5503; Fax: +82-2-814-2651
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Yu L, Xu L, Lu L, Alhalili Z, Zhou X. Thermal Properties of MXenes and Relevant Applications. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200203. [PMID: 35674280 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The properties and applications of MXenes (a family of layered transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides) have aroused enormous research interests for a decade since the successful synthesis of few-layer transition metal carbides in 2011. Though MXenes, as the building blocks, have already been applied in various fields (such as wearable electronics) owing to the distinctive optical, mechanical and electrical properties, their thermal stability and intrinsic thermal properties were less thoroughly investigated compared to other characteristics in early reports. The pioneering theoretical prediction of the thermoelectric nature of MXenes was performed in 2013 while the first experiment-based report concerning the degradation behavior of the 2D structure at elevated temperatures in a controlled atmosphere was published in 2015, followed by numerous discoveries regarding the thermal properties of MXenes. Herein, after a brief description of the synthesis, this Review summarized the latest insights into the thermal stability and thermophysical properties of MXenes, and further associated these unique properties with relevant applications by multiple examples. Finally, current hurdles and challenges in this field were provided along with some advices on potential research directions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- LePing Yu
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214153, People's Republic of China
| | - Lyu Xu
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214153, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214153, People's Republic of China
| | - Zahrah Alhalili
- College of Sciences and Arts, Shaqra University, Sajir, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - XiaoHong Zhou
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214153, People's Republic of China
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Emerging Layered Materials and Their Applications in the Corrosion Protection of Metals and Alloys. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14074079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Metals and alloys are essential in modern society, and are used in our daily activities. However, they are prone to corrosion, with the conversion of the metal/alloy to its more thermodynamically-favored oxide/hydroxide phase. These undesirable corrosion reactions can lead to the failure of metallic components. Consequently, corrosion-protective technologies are now more important than ever, as it is essential to reduce the waste of valuable resources. In this review, we consider the role of emerging 2D materials and layered materials in the development of a corrosion protection strategy. In particular, we focus on the materials beyond graphene, and consider the role of transition metal dichalcogenides, such as MoS2, MXenes, layered double hydroxides, hexagonal boron nitride and graphitic carbon nitride in the formulation of effective and protective films and coatings. Following a short introduction to the synthesis and exfoliation of the layered materials, their role in corrosion protection is described and discussed. Finally, we discuss the future applications of these 2D materials in corrosion protection.
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Fadahunsi AA, Li C, Khan MI, Ding W. MXenes: state-of-the-art synthesis, composites and bioapplications. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:4331-4345. [PMID: 35640492 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00289b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
MXenes have proven significant potential in a multitude of scientific domains as they provide substantial benefits over carbon graphene, such as ease of production and functionalization, large surface area, adjustable...
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeola A Fadahunsi
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
| | - Chengpan Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Weiping Ding
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
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Abstract
MXenes and their related nanocomposites with superior physicochemical properties such as high surface area, ease of synthesis and functionalization, high drug loading capacity, collective therapy potentials, pH-triggered drug release behavior,...
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