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Jiamboonsri P, Eurtivong C, Wanwong S. Assessing the Potential of Gallic Acid and Methyl Gallate to Enhance the Efficacy of β-Lactam Antibiotics against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Targeting β-Lactamase: In Silico and In Vitro Studies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1622. [PMID: 37998824 PMCID: PMC10669207 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a global health concern, has prompted research into antibiotic adjuvants as a potential solution. Although our group previously reported the enhancing effects of gallic acid (GA) and methyl gallate (MG) on penicillin G activity against MRSA, the synergistic potential with other β-lactam antibiotics and the underlying mechanism have not been fully explored. Therefore, this study primarily aimed to investigate the antibacterial synergism with β-lactam antibiotics through disc diffusion, checkerboard, and time-kill assays. The β-lactamase inhibition was also examined through both molecular modeling and in vitro experiments. Additionally, bacterial morphology changes were studied using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that both GA and MG exhibited anti-MRSA activity and showed indifferent effects when combined with β-lactam antibiotics against methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). Interestingly, MG demonstrated synergism with only the β-lactamase-unstable antibiotics against MRSA with the lowest fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indexes of ≤3.75. However, GA and MG exhibited weak β-lactamase inhibition. Furthermore, GA, MG, and the combination with ampicillin induced the morphological changes in MRSA, suggesting a possible mechanism affecting the cell membrane. These findings suggest that MG could potentially serve as an adjunct to β-lactam antibiotics to combat MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimsumon Jiamboonsri
- Faculty of Medicine, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, 1 Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Chatchakorn Eurtivong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Si Ayutthaya Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Sompit Wanwong
- Materials Technology Program, School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand;
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Manzi A, De-Carli BP, Roggero A, Ferreira De Moraes LL, Annunciato I, Novo Belchor M, Lima Neto DFD, Antonio De Oliveira M, Hikari Toyama M. Theoretical evaluation of the malathion and its chemical derivatives interaction with cytosolic phospholipase A2 from zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:136984. [PMID: 36306964 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) belongs to a large family of proteins and plays a crucial role in the regulation of arachidonic acid metabolism and inflammation cascade in zebrafish (Danio rerio). This enzyme with a molecular weight of 85 kDa, has two distinct domains. One is the regulatory and calcium-dependent (Ca2+) domain called C2, the other is the catalytic α/β hydrolase Ca2+-independent domain, where serine and aspartic acid catalytic dyad residues are present. We investigated the interaction of malathion and their organophosphate metabolites in the cPLA2 using in silico tools. Molecular docking results showed hydrophobic interactions with the paraoxon and catalytic site residue (Ser 223). Malathion increases intracellular Ca2+ due to endoplasmic reticulum influx which in turn activities phospholipase A2 and arachidonic acid release. Molecular docking and homology modelling of proteins and ligands could be a complementary tool for ecotoxicology and environment pollution assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agatha Manzi
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Vicente, SP, Brazil; BIOMOLPEP, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Vicente, 11330-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Paes De-Carli
- BIOMOLPEP, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Vicente, 11330-900, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Paulista UNIP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Airam Roggero
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Vicente, SP, Brazil; BIOMOLPEP, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Vicente, 11330-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laila Lucyane Ferreira De Moraes
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Vicente, SP, Brazil; BIOMOLPEP, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Vicente, 11330-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabelly Annunciato
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Vicente, SP, Brazil; BIOMOLPEP, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Vicente, 11330-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Novo Belchor
- BIOMOLPEP, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Vicente, 11330-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcos Hikari Toyama
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Vicente, SP, Brazil; BIOMOLPEP, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Vicente, 11330-900, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mass Spectrometric Identification of Licania rigida Benth Leaf Extracts and Evaluation of Their Therapeutic Effects on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196291. [PMID: 36234829 PMCID: PMC9571113 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Licania rigida Benth has been evaluated as an alternative drug to treat diseases associated with inflammatory processes. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous and hydroalcoholic leaf extracts of L. rigida with inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharides in in vitro and in vivo inflammation models. The phytochemical profile of the extracts, analyzed by ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, revealed the presence of gallic and ellagic acids in both extracts, whereas isovitexin, ferulate, bulky amino acids (e.g., phenylalanine), pheophorbide, lactic acid, and pyridoxine were detected in the hydroalcoholic extract. The extracts displayed the ability to modulate in vitro and in vivo inflammatory responses, reducing approximately 50% of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and inhibiting both NO production and leukocyte migration by approximately 30 and 40% at 100 and 500 µg/mL, respectively. Overall, the results highlight and identify, for the first time, the ability of L. rigida leaf extract to modulate inflammatory processes. These data suggest that the leaf extracts of this plant have potential in the development of herbal formulations for the treatment of inflammation.
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Simas Pereira Junior LC, Souza JF, Rodrigues da Silva AC, Coriolano de Oliveira E, Sanchez EF, Fuly AL. Utilization of gallic acid to inhibit some toxic activities caused by Bothrops jararaca or B. jararacussu snake venoms. Toxicon 2022; 217:5-12. [PMID: 35931224 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Snake bite envenoming is a serious public health issue, affecting thousands of people worldwide every year, especially in rural communities of tropical and subtropical countries. Injection of venom into victims may cause hemorrhaging, blood coagulation imbalance, inflammation, pain, edema, muscle necrosis, and eventually, death. The official validated treatment recommended by governments is the administration of antivenom that efficiently prevents morbidity and mortality. However, this therapy does not effectively neutralize the local effects of Viperidae venoms which constitute one of the leading causes of disability or amputation of the affected limb. Thus, bioprospecting studies seeking for alternative therapies to complement antivenom should be encouraged, especially those investigating the blockage of local venomic toxicity. Plants produce a great diversity of metabolites with a wide range of pharmacological and biological properties. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the utilization of gallic acid, which is widely found in plants, against some toxic in vitro (coagulation, proteolytic, and hemolytic) or in vivo (edematogenic, hemorrhagic, and lethal) activities of Bothrops jararaca or B. jararacussu venom. Gallic acid was incubated with B. jararaca or B. jararacussu venom (incubation protocol), after which, in vitro or in vivo assays were performed. Additionally, a gel containing gallic acid was developed and topically applied over the skin of mice after injection of B. jararaca or B. jararacussu venom (treatment protocol), and then, a hemorrhagic assay was carried out. As a result, gallic acid inhibited the toxic activities, with variable efficacy, and the gallic acid gel neutralized B. jararaca or B. jararacussu venom-induced hemorrhagic activity. Gallic acid was devoid of in vitro toxicity as shown through a hemocompatibility test. Thus, these findings demonstrate the potential of gallic acid in the development of an alternative agent to treat victims of snake bites inflicted by Bothrops species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Carlos Simas Pereira Junior
- Laboratório de Venenos e Toxinas e Avaliação de Inibidores, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências Biomédicas (Fisiologia e Farmacologia), Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, 24210-130, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jenifer Frouche Souza
- Laboratório de Venenos e Toxinas e Avaliação de Inibidores, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Rodrigues da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Coriolano de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eladio Flores Sanchez
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas de Venenos de Animais, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, 30510-010, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Lopes Fuly
- Laboratório de Venenos e Toxinas e Avaliação de Inibidores, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências Biomédicas (Fisiologia e Farmacologia), Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, 24210-130, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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