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Tang C, Zhang K, Yu S, Guan H, Cao M, Zhang K, Pan Y, Zhang S, Sun X, Peng H. All-Metal Flexible Fiber by Continuously Assembling Nanowires for High Electrical Conductivity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2405000. [PMID: 39152934 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202405000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Fiber electronics booms as a new important field but is currently limited by the challenge of finding both highly flexible and conductive fiber electrodes. Here, all-metal fibers based on nanowires are discovered. Silver nanowires are continuously assembled into robust fibers by salt-induced aggregation and then firmly stabilized by plasmonic welding. The nanowire network structures provide them both high flexibility with moduli at the level of MPa and conductivities up to 106 S m-1. They also show excellent electrochemical properties such as low impedance and high electrochemically active surface area. Their stable chronic single-neuron recording is further demonstrated with good biocompatibility in vivo. These new fiber materials may provide more opportunities for the future development of fiber electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Kailin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Sihui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hang Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Mingjie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - You Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Songlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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2
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Cho SW, Malick H, Kim SJ, Grattoni A. Advances in Skin-on-a-Chip Technologies for Dermatological Disease Modeling. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1707-1715. [PMID: 38493383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Skin-on-a-chip (SoC) technologies are emerging as a paradigm shift in dermatology research by replicating human physiology in a dynamic manner not achievable by current animal models. Although animal models have contributed to successful clinical trials, their ability to predict human outcomes remains questionable, owing to inherent differences in skin anatomy and immune response. Covering areas including infectious diseases, autoimmune skin conditions, wound healing, drug toxicity, aging, and antiaging, SoC aims to circumvent the inherent disparities created by traditional models. In this paper, we review current SoC technologies, highlighting their potential as an alternative to animal models for a deeper understanding of complex skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Won Cho
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA; Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Hamza Malick
- Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Soo Jung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Ismayilzada N, Tarar C, Dabbagh SR, Tokyay BK, Dilmani SA, Sokullu E, Abaci HE, Tasoglu S. Skin-on-a-chip technologies towards clinical translation and commercialization. Biofabrication 2024; 16:042001. [PMID: 38964314 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad5f55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body which plays a critical role in thermoregulation, metabolism (e.g. synthesis of vitamin D), and protection of other organs from environmental threats, such as infections, microorganisms, ultraviolet radiation, and physical damage. Even though skin diseases are considered to be less fatal, the ubiquity of skin diseases and irritation caused by them highlights the importance of skin studies. Furthermore, skin is a promising means for transdermal drug delivery, which requires a thorough understanding of human skin structure. Current animal andin vitrotwo/three-dimensional skin models provide a platform for disease studies and drug testing, whereas they face challenges in the complete recapitulation of the dynamic and complex structure of actual skin tissue. One of the most effective methods for testing pharmaceuticals and modeling skin diseases are skin-on-a-chip (SoC) platforms. SoC technologies provide a non-invasive approach for examining 3D skin layers and artificially creating disease models in order to develop diagnostic or therapeutic methods. In addition, SoC models enable dynamic perfusion of culture medium with nutrients and facilitate the continuous removal of cellular waste to further mimic thein vivocondition. Here, the article reviews the most recent advances in the design and applications of SoC platforms for disease modeling as well as the analysis of drugs and cosmetics. By examining the contributions of different patents to the physiological relevance of skin models, the review underscores the significant shift towards more ethical and efficient alternatives to animal testing. Furthermore, it explores the market dynamics ofin vitroskin models and organ-on-a-chip platforms, discussing the impact of legislative changes and market demand on the development and adoption of these advanced research tools. This article also identifies the existing obstacles that hinder the advancement of SoC platforms, proposing directions for future improvements, particularly focusing on the journey towards clinical adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufar Ismayilzada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Ceren Tarar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | | | - Begüm Kübra Tokyay
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Sara Asghari Dilmani
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Emel Sokullu
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Hasan Erbil Abaci
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Boğaziçi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
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4
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Lunter D, Klang V, Eichner A, Savic SM, Savic S, Lian G, Erdő F. Progress in Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery Research-Focus on Nanoformulations. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:817. [PMID: 38931938 PMCID: PMC11207871 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ and a multifunctional interface between the body and its environment. It acts as a barrier against cold, heat, injuries, infections, chemicals, radiations or other exogeneous factors, and it is also known as the mirror of the soul. The skin is involved in body temperature regulation by the storage of fat and water. It is an interesting tissue in regard to the local and transdermal application of active ingredients for prevention or treatment of pathological conditions. Topical and transdermal delivery is an emerging route of drug and cosmetic administration. It is beneficial for avoiding side effects and rapid metabolism. Many pharmaceutical, technological and cosmetic innovations have been described and patented recently in the field. In this review, the main features of skin morphology and physiology are presented and are being followed by the description of classical and novel nanoparticulate dermal and transdermal drug formulations. The biophysical aspects of the penetration of drugs and cosmetics into or across the dermal barrier and their investigation in diffusion chambers, skin-on-a-chip devices, high-throughput measuring systems or with advanced analytical techniques are also shown. The current knowledge about mathematical modeling of skin penetration and the future perspectives are briefly discussed in the end, all also involving nanoparticulated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Lunter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Victoria Klang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Adina Eichner
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle, Germany;
- Institute of Applied Dermatopharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (IADP) e.V., 06108 Halle, Germany
| | - Sanela M. Savic
- Faculty of Technology in Leskovac, University of Niš, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia;
- R&D Sector, DCP Hemigal, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia
| | - Snezana Savic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Guoping Lian
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;
- Unilever R&D Colworth, Sharnbrook, Bedford MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Franciska Erdő
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
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Ly KL, Rajtboriraks M, Elgerbi A, Luo X, Raub CB. Recombinant Human Keratinocyte Growth Factor Ameliorates Cancer Treatment-Induced Oral Mucositis on a Chip. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302970. [PMID: 38351394 PMCID: PMC11144107 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Oral mucositis (OM) is a severe complication of cancer therapies caused by off-target cytotoxicity. Palifermin, which is recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), is currently the only mitigating treatment available to a subset of OM patients. This study used a previously established model of oral mucositis on a chip (OM-OC) comprised of a confluent human gingival keratinocytes (GIE) layer attached to a basement membrane-lined subepithelial layer consisting of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) on a stable collagen I gel. Cisplatin, radiation, and combined treatments are followed by a recovery period in the OM-OC to determine possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of OM under effects of KGF. Cancer treatments affected the keratinocyte layer, causing death and epithelial barrier loss. Both keratinocytes and subepithelial cells died rapidly, as evidenced by propidium iodide staining. In response to radiation exposure, cell death occurred in the apical epithelial layer, predominantly, within 24h. Cisplatin exposure predominantly promoted death of basal epithelial cells within 32-36h. Presence of KGF in OM-OC protected tissues from damage caused by cancer treatments in a dose-dependent manner, being more effective at 10 ng/mL. As verified by F-actin staining and the Alamar Blue assay, KGF contributed to epithelial survival and induced proliferation of GIE and HGF as well as HMEC within 120h. When the expression of eighty inflammatory cytokines is evaluated at OM induction (Day 12) and resolution (Day 18) stages in OM-OC, some cytokines are identified as potential novel therapeutic targets. In comparison with chemoradiation exposure, KGF treatment showed a trend to decrease IL-8 and TNF-a expression at Day 12 and 18, and TGF-β1 at Day 18 in OM-OC. Taken together, these findings support the utility of OM-OC as a platform to model epithelial damage and evaluate molecular mechanisms following OM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh L Ly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, 20064, USA
| | - May Rajtboriraks
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, 20064, USA
| | - Ahmed Elgerbi
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, 20064, USA
| | - Xiaolong Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, 20064, USA
| | - Christopher B Raub
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, 20064, USA
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6
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Streutker EM, Devamoglu U, Vonk MC, Verdurmen WPR, Le Gac S. Fibrosis-on-Chip: A Guide to Recapitulate the Essential Features of Fibrotic Disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2303991. [PMID: 38536053 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis, which is primarily marked by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, is a pathophysiological process associated with many disorders, which ultimately leads to organ dysfunction and poor patient outcomes. Despite the high prevalence of fibrosis, currently there exist few therapeutic options, and importantly, there is a paucity of in vitro models to accurately study fibrosis. This review discusses the multifaceted nature of fibrosis from the viewpoint of developing organ-on-chip (OoC) disease models, focusing on five key features: the ECM component, inflammation, mechanical cues, hypoxia, and vascularization. The potential of OoC technology is explored for better modeling these features in the context of studying fibrotic diseases and the interplay between various key features is emphasized. This paper reviews how organ-specific fibrotic diseases are modeled in OoC platforms, which elements are included in these existing models, and the avenues for novel research directions are highlighted. Finally, this review concludes with a perspective on how to address the current gap with respect to the inclusion of multiple features to yield more sophisticated and relevant models of fibrotic diseases in an OoC format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Streutker
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Utku Devamoglu
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnoloygy and TechMed Centre, Organ-on-Chip Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Madelon C Vonk
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter P R Verdurmen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Séverine Le Gac
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnoloygy and TechMed Centre, Organ-on-Chip Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
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7
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Ray R, Rakesh A, Singh S, Madhyastha H, Mani NK. Hair and Nail-On-Chip for Bioinspired Microfluidic Device Fabrication and Biomarker Detection. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-27. [PMID: 38133962 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2291825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The advent of biosensors has tremendously increased our potential of identifying and solving important problems in various domains, ranging from food safety and environmental analysis, to healthcare and medicine. However, one of the most prominent drawbacks of these technologies, especially in the biomedical field, is to employ conventional samples, such as blood, urine, tissue extracts and other body fluids for analysis, which suffer from the drawbacks of invasiveness, discomfort, and high costs encountered in transportation and storage, thereby hindering these products to be applied for point-of-care testing that has garnered substantial attention in recent years. Therefore, through this review, we emphasize for the first time, the applications of switching over to noninvasive sampling techniques involving hair and nails that not only circumvent most of the aforementioned limitations, but also serve as interesting alternatives in understanding the human physiology involving minimal costs, equipment and human interference when combined with rapidly advancing technologies, such as microfluidics and organ-on-a-chip to achieve miniaturization on an unprecedented scale. The coalescence between these two fields has not only led to the fabrication of novel microdevices involving hair and nails, but also function as robust biosensors for the detection of biomarkers, chemicals, metabolites and nucleic acids through noninvasive sampling. Finally, we have also elucidated a plethora of futuristic innovations that could be incorporated in such devices, such as expanding their applications in nail and hair-based drug delivery, their potential in serving as next-generation wearable sensors and integrating these devices with machine-learning for enhanced automation and decentralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohitraj Ray
- Department of Bioengineering (BE), Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Amith Rakesh
- Microfluidics, Sensors and Diagnostics (μSenD) Laboratory, Centre for Microfluidics, Biomarkers, Photoceutics and Sensors (μBioPS), Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576 104, India
| | - Sheetal Singh
- Microfluidics, Sensors and Diagnostics (μSenD) Laboratory, Centre for Microfluidics, Biomarkers, Photoceutics and Sensors (μBioPS), Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576 104, India
| | - Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Naresh Kumar Mani
- Microfluidics, Sensors and Diagnostics (μSenD) Laboratory, Centre for Microfluidics, Biomarkers, Photoceutics and Sensors (μBioPS), Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576 104, India
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8
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Zhao H, Chen Z, Kang X, Yang B, Luo P, Li H, He Q. The frontline of alternatives to animal testing: novel in vitro skin model application in drug development and evaluation. Toxicol Sci 2023; 196:152-169. [PMID: 37702017 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The FDA Modernization Act 2.0 has brought nonclinical drug evaluation into a new era. In vitro models are widely used and play an important role in modern drug development and evaluation, including early candidate drug screening and preclinical drug efficacy and toxicity assessment. Driven by regulatory steering and facilitated by well-defined physiology, novel in vitro skin models are emerging rapidly, becoming the most advanced area in alternative testing research. The revolutionary technologies bring us many in vitro skin models, either laboratory-developed or commercially available, which were all built to emulate the structure of the natural skin to recapitulate the skin's physiological function and particular skin pathology. During the model development, how to achieve balance among complexity, accessibility, capability, and cost-effectiveness remains the core challenge for researchers. This review attempts to introduce the existing in vitro skin models, align them on different dimensions, such as structural complexity, functional maturity, and screening throughput, and provide an update on their current application in various scenarios within the scope of chemical testing and drug development, including testing in genotoxicity, phototoxicity, skin sensitization, corrosion/irritation. Overall, the review will summarize a general strategy for in vitro skin model to enhance future model invention, application, and translation in drug development and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhao
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhaozeng Chen
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xingchen Kang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peihua Luo
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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9
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Shen Z, Liu Z, Sun L, Li M, Han L, Wang J, Wu X, Sang S. Constructing epidermal rete ridges using a composite hydrogel to enhance multiple signaling pathways for the maintenance of epidermal stem cell niche. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:273-288. [PMID: 37516415 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The undulating microstructure rete ridge (RR) located at the junction between the dermis and epidermis plays a crucial role in improving skin mechanical properties and maintaining skin homeostasis. However, the investigation of RR microstructures is usually neglected in current tissue engineering for skin regeneration. Here, to create an epidermal model with RR microstructures, keratinocytes were cultured on a patterned GelMA-PEGDA hydrogel constructed using molding technology. Furthermore, grafting acryloylated Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides on the hydrogel surface significantly improved cell adhesion, fusion, and development. RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining confirmed that cells on RR microstructures exhibited higher gene and protein expression associated with epidermal stem cells. RNA sequencing analysis of cells on RR microstructure showed higher gene expression profiles related to stem cell maintenance, basement membrane formation, and epidermal development. Furthermore, RT-PCR analysis of epidermal models of various dimensions demonstrated that smaller microstructures were more conducive to epidermal stem cell marker gene expression, which is analogous to human skin. Overall, we have successfully developed a method for integrating RR microstructures into an epidermal model that mimics natural skin to maintain epidermal stem cell niche, providing a valuable reference for researching skin regeneration within the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study presents a method for precisely fabricating microstructures of skin rete ridges using composite hydrogels, thereby creating a skin model that mimics natural human skin. The findings reveal that this microstructure provides a stem cell niche that regulates the pathways and promotes the expression of proteins related to epidermal stem cells. This work advances the functional properties of tissue engineered skin and holds promise for improving the therapeutic efficacy of artificial skin grafts for the skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Shen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Zixian Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China; Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China; Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Meng Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China; Shanxi Research Institute of 6D Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Science, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Lu Han
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China; Shanxi Research Institute of 6D Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Science, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Jianming Wang
- General Hospital of TISCO, North Street, Xinghualing District, Taiyuan, 030809, China
| | - Xunwei Wu
- Engineering Laboratory for Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo, China; Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shengbo Sang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China; Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
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10
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Kheiri S, Chen Z, Yakavets I, Rakhshani F, Young EWK, Kumacheva E. Integrating spheroid-on-a-chip with tubeless rocker platform: A high-throughput biological screening platform. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2200621. [PMID: 37436706 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202200621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Spheroid-on-a-chip platforms are emerging as promising in vitro models that enable screening of the efficacy of biologically active ingredients. Generally, the supply of liquids to spheroids occurs in the steady flow mode with the use of syringe pumps; however, the utilization of tubing and connections, especially for multiplexing and high-throughput screening applications, makes spheroid-on-a-chip platforms labor- and cost-intensive. Gravity-induced flow using rocker platforms overcomes these challenges. Here, a robust gravity-driven technique was developed to culture arrays of cancer cell spheroids and dermal fibroblast spheroids in a high-throughput manner using a rocker platform. The efficiency of the developed rocker-based platform was benchmarked to syringe pumps for generating multicellular spheroids and their use for screening biologically active ingredients. Cell viability, internal spheroid structure as well as the effect of vitamin C on spheroids' protein synthesis was studied. The rocker-based platform not only offers comparable or enhanced performance in terms of cell viability, spheroids formation, and protein production by dermal fibroblast spheroids but also, from a practical perspective, offers a smaller footprint, requires a lower cost, and offers an easier method for handling. These results support the application of rocker-based microfluidic spheroid-on-a-chip platforms for in vitro screening in a high-throughput manner with industrial scaling-up opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Kheiri
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhengkun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ilya Yakavets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Faeze Rakhshani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edmond W K Young
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Costa S, Vilas-Boas V, Lebre F, Granjeiro JM, Catarino CM, Moreira Teixeira L, Loskill P, Alfaro-Moreno E, Ribeiro AR. Microfluidic-based skin-on-chip systems for safety assessment of nanomaterials. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:1282-1298. [PMID: 37419838 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the body's largest organ, continuously exposed to and affected by natural and anthropogenic nanomaterials (materials with external and internal dimensions in the nanoscale range). This broad spectrum of insults gives rise to irreversible health effects (from skin corrosion to cancer). Organ-on-chip systems can recapitulate skin physiology with high fidelity and potentially revolutionize the safety assessment of nanomaterials. Here, we review current advances in skin-on-chip models and their potential to elucidate biological mechanisms. Further, strategies are discussed to recapitulate skin physiology on-chip, improving control over nanomaterials exposure and transport across cells. Finally, we highlight future opportunities and challenges from design and fabrication to acceptance by regulatory bodies and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Costa
- Nanosafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - V Vilas-Boas
- Nanosafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - F Lebre
- Nanosafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - J M Granjeiro
- Biology Coordination, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C M Catarino
- Product Safety Management- Quality, Excellence, and Care, Grupo Boticário, Paraná, Brazil
| | - L Moreira Teixeira
- Department of Advanced Organ bioengineering and Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - P Loskill
- 3R-Center for In vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal Testing, Tübingen, Germany
| | - E Alfaro-Moreno
- Nanosafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - A R Ribeiro
- Nanosafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.
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12
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Li Z, Li Q, Zhou C, Lu K, Liu Y, Xuan L, Wang X. Organoid-on-a-chip: Current challenges, trends, and future scope toward medicine. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:051505. [PMID: 37900053 PMCID: PMC10613095 DOI: 10.1063/5.0171350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
In vitro organoid models, typically defined as 3D multicellular aggregates, have been extensively used as a promising tool in drug screening, disease progression research, and precision medicine. Combined with advanced microfluidics technique, organoid-on-a-chip can flexibly replicate in vivo organs within the biomimetic physiological microenvironment by accurately regulating different parameters, such as fluid conditions and concentration gradients of biochemical factors. Since engineered organ reconstruction has opened a new paradigm in biomedicine, innovative approaches are increasingly required in micro-nano fabrication, tissue construction, and development of pharmaceutical products. In this Perspective review, the advantages and characteristics of organoid-on-a-chip are first introduced. Challenges in current organoid culture, extracellular matrix building, and device manufacturing techniques are subsequently demonstrated, followed by potential alternative approaches, respectively. The future directions and emerging application scenarios of organoid-on-a-chip are finally prospected to further satisfy the clinical demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjie Li
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qinyu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 999077 Hong Kong, China
| | - Chenyang Zhou
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kangyi Lu
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lian Xuan
- Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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13
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Deng S, Li C, Cao J, Cui Z, Du J, Fu Z, Yang H, Chen P. Organ-on-a-chip meets artificial intelligence in drug evaluation. Theranostics 2023; 13:4526-4558. [PMID: 37649608 PMCID: PMC10465229 DOI: 10.7150/thno.87266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug evaluation has always been an important area of research in the pharmaceutical industry. However, animal welfare protection and other shortcomings of traditional drug development models pose obstacles and challenges to drug evaluation. Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) technology, which simulates human organs on a chip of the physiological environment and functionality, and with high fidelity reproduction organ-level of physiology or pathophysiology, exhibits great promise for innovating the drug development pipeline. Meanwhile, the advancement in artificial intelligence (AI) provides more improvements for the design and data processing of OoCs. Here, we review the current progress that has been made to generate OoC platforms, and how human single and multi-OoCs have been used in applications, including drug testing, disease modeling, and personalized medicine. Moreover, we discuss issues facing the field, such as large data processing and reproducibility, and point to the integration of OoCs and AI in data analysis and automation, which is of great benefit in future drug evaluation. Finally, we look forward to the opportunities and challenges faced by the coupling of OoCs and AI. In summary, advancements in OoCs development, and future combinations with AI, will eventually break the current state of drug evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Caifeng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Robot Intelligent Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences & MEGAROBO, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Junxian Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhao Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Yunnan Biovalley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Kunming 650503, China
| | - Zheng Fu
- Robot Intelligent Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences & MEGAROBO, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Robot Intelligent Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences & MEGAROBO, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Yunnan Biovalley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Kunming 650503, China
- Robot Intelligent Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences & MEGAROBO, Beijing 100700, China
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14
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Sung JH, Kim JJ. Recent advances in in vitro skin-on-a-chip models for drug testing. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023. [PMID: 37379024 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2227379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The skin is an organ that has the largest surface area and provides a barrier against external environment. While providing protection, it also interacts with other organs in the body and has implications in various diseases. Development of physiologically realistic in vitro models of the skin in the context of the whole body is important for studying these diseases, and will be a valuable tool for pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industry. AREA COVERED This article covers the basic background in skin structure, physiology, as well as drug metabolism in the skin, and dermatological diseases. We summarize various in vitro skin models currently available, and novel in vitro models based on organ-on-a-chip technology. We also explain the concept of multi-organ-on-a-chip and describe recent developments in this field aimed at recapitulating the interaction of the skin with other organs in the body. EXPERT OPINION Recent development in the organ-on-a-chip field has enabled the development of in vitro model systems that resemble human skin more closely than conventional models. In near future, we will be seeing various model systems that allow researchers to study complex diseases in a more mechanistic manner, which will help the development of new pharmaceuticals for such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hwan Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Jung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Yadav K, Singh D, Singh MR, Minz S, Princely Ebenezer Gnanakani S, Sucheta, Yadav R, Vora L, Sahu KK, Bagchi A, Singh Chauhan N, Pradhan M. Preclinical study models of psoriasis: State-of-the-art techniques for testing pharmaceutical products in animal and nonanimal models. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109945. [PMID: 36871534 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Local and systemic treatments exist for psoriasis, but none can do more than control its symptoms because of its numerous unknown mechanisms. The lack of validated testing models or a defined psoriatic phenotypic profile hinders antipsoriatic drug development. Despite their intricacy, immune-mediated diseases have no improved and precise treatment. The treatment actions may now be predicted for psoriasis and other chronic hyperproliferative skin illnesses using animal models. Their findings confirmed that a psoriasis animal model could mimic a few disease conditions. However, their ethical approval concerns and inability to resemble human psoriasis rightly offer to look for more alternatives. Hence, in this article, we have reported various cutting-edge techniques for the preclinical testing of pharmaceutical products for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Yadav
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India; Raipur Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sarona, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Deependra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Manju Rawat Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Sunita Minz
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, India
| | | | - Sucheta
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K. R. Mangalam University, Gurugram, Haryana 122103, India
| | - Renu Yadav
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K. R. Mangalam University, Gurugram, Haryana 122103, India
| | - Lalitkumar Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Kantrol Kumar Sahu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India
| | - Anindya Bagchi
- Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nagendra Singh Chauhan
- Drugs Testing Laboratory Avam Anusandhan Kendra (AYUSH), Government Ayurvedic College, Raipur, India
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Monteduro AG, Rizzato S, Caragnano G, Trapani A, Giannelli G, Maruccio G. Organs-on-chips technologies – A guide from disease models to opportunities for drug development. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 231:115271. [PMID: 37060819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Current in-vitro 2D cultures and animal models present severe limitations in recapitulating human physiopathology with striking discrepancies in estimating drug efficacy and side effects when compared to human trials. For these reasons, microphysiological systems, organ-on-chip and multiorgans microdevices attracted considerable attention as novel tools for high-throughput and high-content research to achieve an improved understanding of diseases and to accelerate the drug development process towards more precise and eventually personalized standards. This review takes the form of a guide on this fast-growing field, providing useful introduction to major themes and indications for further readings. We start analyzing Organs-on-chips (OOC) technologies for testing the major drug administration routes: (1) oral/rectal route by intestine-on-a-chip, (2) inhalation by lung-on-a-chip, (3) transdermal by skin-on-a-chip and (4) intravenous through vascularization models, considering how drugs penetrate in the bloodstream and are conveyed to their targets. Then, we focus on OOC models for (other) specific organs and diseases: (1) neurodegenerative diseases with brain models and blood brain barriers, (2) tumor models including their vascularization, organoids/spheroids, engineering and screening of antitumor drugs, (3) liver/kidney on chips and multiorgan models for gastrointestinal diseases and metabolic assessment of drugs and (4) biomechanical systems recapitulating heart, muscles and bones structures and related diseases. Successively, we discuss technologies and materials for organ on chips, analyzing (1) microfluidic tools for organs-on-chips, (2) sensor integration for real-time monitoring, (3) materials and (4) cell lines for organs on chips. (Nano)delivery approaches for therapeutics and their on chip assessment are also described. Finally, we conclude with a critical discussion on current significance/relevance, trends, limitations, challenges and future prospects in terms of revolutionary impact on biomedical research, preclinical models and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grazia Monteduro
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento and Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR-Nanotec and INFN Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Silvia Rizzato
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento and Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR-Nanotec and INFN Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giusi Caragnano
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento and Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR-Nanotec and INFN Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Adriana Trapani
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maruccio
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento and Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR-Nanotec and INFN Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
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Veliz DS, Lin KL, Sahlgren C. Organ-on-a-chip technologies for biomedical research and drug development: A focus on the vasculature. SMART MEDICINE 2023; 2:e20220030. [PMID: 37089706 PMCID: PMC7614466 DOI: 10.1002/smmd.20220030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Current biomedical models fail to replicate the complexity of human biology. Consequently, almost 90% of drug candidates fail during clinical trials after decades of research and billions of investments in drug development. Despite their physiological similarities, animal models often misrepresent human responses, and instead, trigger ethical and societal debates regarding their use. The overall aim across regulatory entities worldwide is to replace, reduce, and refine the use of animal experimentation, a concept known as the Three Rs principle. In response, researchers develop experimental alternatives to improve the biological relevance of in vitro models through interdisciplinary approaches. This article highlights the emerging organ-on-a-chip technologies, also known as microphysiological systems, with a focus on models of the vasculature. The cardiovascular system transports all necessary substances, including drugs, throughout the body while in charge of thermal regulation and communication between other organ systems. In addition, we discuss the benefits, limitations, and challenges in the widespread use of new biomedical models. Coupled with patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells, organ-on-a-chip technologies are the future of drug discovery, development, and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diosangeles Soto Veliz
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Center, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kai-Lan Lin
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Center, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Center, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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Zhang M, Zhang C, Li Z, Fu X, Huang S. Advances in 3D skin bioprinting for wound healing and disease modeling. Regen Biomater 2022; 10:rbac105. [PMID: 36683757 PMCID: PMC9845530 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Even with many advances in design strategies over the past three decades, an enormous gap remains between existing tissue engineering skin and natural skin. Currently available in vitro skin models still cannot replicate the three-dimensionality and heterogeneity of the dermal microenvironment sufficiently to recapitulate many of the known characteristics of skin disorder or disease in vivo. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting enables precise control over multiple compositions, spatial distributions and architectural complexity, therefore offering hope for filling the gap of structure and function between natural and artificial skin. Our understanding of wound healing process and skin disease would thus be boosted by the development of in vitro models that could more completely capture the heterogeneous features of skin biology. Here, we provide an overview of recent advances in 3D skin bioprinting, as well as design concepts of cells and bioinks suitable for the bioprinting process. We focus on the applications of this technology for engineering physiological or pathological skin model, focusing more specifically on the function of skin appendages and vasculature. We conclude with current challenges and the technical perspective for further development of 3D skin bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing 100853, China,School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Wei Jing Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Sha Huang
- Correspondence address. Tel: +86-10-66867384, E-mail:
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Tan SH, Chua DAC, Tang JRJ, Bonnard C, Leavesley D, Liang K. Design of Hydrogel-based Scaffolds for in vitro Three-dimensional Human Skin Model Reconstruction. Acta Biomater 2022; 153:13-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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