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Nikitin N, Vasiliev Y, Kovalenko A, Ryabchevskaya E, Kondakova O, Evtushenko E, Karpova O. Plant Viruses as Adjuvants for Next-Generation Vaccines and Immunotherapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1372. [PMID: 37631940 PMCID: PMC10458565 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are the cornerstone of infectious disease control and prevention. The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has confirmed the urgent need for a new approach to the design of novel vaccines. Plant viruses and their derivatives are being used increasingly for the development of new medical and biotechnological applications, and this is reflected in a number of preclinical and clinical studies. Plant viruses have a unique combination of features (biosafety, low reactogenicity, inexpensiveness and ease of production, etc.), which determine their potential. This review presents the latest data on the use of plant viruses with different types of symmetry as vaccine components and adjuvants in cancer immunotherapy. The discussion concludes that the most promising approaches might be those that use structurally modified plant viruses (spherical particles) obtained from the Tobacco mosaic virus. These particles combine high adsorption properties (as a carrier) with strong immunogenicity, as has been confirmed using various antigens in animal models. According to current research, it is evident that plant viruses have great potential for application in the development of vaccines and in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Nikitin
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | | | - Angelina Kovalenko
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Ryabchevskaya
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Olga Kondakova
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Evtushenko
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Olga Karpova
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
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Efremenko E, Aslanli A, Lyagin I. Advanced Situation with Recombinant Toxins: Diversity, Production and Application Purposes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054630. [PMID: 36902061 PMCID: PMC10003545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, the production and use of various samples of recombinant protein/polypeptide toxins is known and is actively developing. This review presents state-of-the-art in research and development of such toxins and their mechanisms of action and useful properties that have allowed them to be implemented into practice to treat various medical conditions (including oncology and chronic inflammation applications) and diseases, as well as to identify novel compounds and to detoxify them by diverse approaches (including enzyme antidotes). Special attention is given to the problems and possibilities of the toxicity control of the obtained recombinant proteins. The recombinant prions are discussed in the frame of their possible detoxification by enzymes. The review discusses the feasibility of obtaining recombinant variants of toxins in the form of protein molecules modified with fluorescent proteins, affine sequences and genetic mutations, allowing us to investigate the mechanisms of toxins' bindings to their natural receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Efremenko
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(495)-939-3170; Fax: +7-(495)-939-5417
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Kovalenko A, Ryabchevskaya E, Evtushenko E, Nikitin N, Karpova O. Recombinant Protein Vaccines against Human Betacoronaviruses: Strategies, Approaches and Progress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1701. [PMID: 36675218 PMCID: PMC9863728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Betacoronaviruses have already troubled humanity more than once. In 2002-2003 and 2012, the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, respectively, caused outbreaks of respiratory syndromes with a fatal outcome. The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has become a pandemic. These three coronaviruses belong to the genus Betacoronavirus and have a zoonotic origin. The emergence of new coronavirus infections in the future cannot be ruled out, and vaccination is the main way to prevent the spread of the infection. Previous experience in the development of vaccines against SARS and MERS has helped to develop a number of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in a fairly short time. Among them, there are quite a few recombinant protein vaccines, which seem to be very promising in terms of safety, minimization of side effects, storage and transportation conditions. The problem of developing a universal betacoronavirus vaccine is also still relevant. Here, we summarize the information on the designing of vaccines based on recombinant proteins against highly pathogenic human betacoronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nikolai Nikitin
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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Granovskiy DL, Ryabchevskaya EM, Evtushenko EA, Kondakova OA, Arkhipenko MV, Kravchenko TB, Bakhteeva IV, Timofeev VS, Nikitin NA, Karpova OV. New formulation of a recombinant anthrax vaccine stabilised with structurally modified plant viruses. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1003969. [PMID: 36160184 PMCID: PMC9501872 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1003969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthrax is a disease caused by Bacillus anthracis. The most promising approach to the development of anthrax vaccine is use of the anthrax protective antigen (PA). At the same time, recombinant PA is a very unstable protein. Previously, the authors have designed a stable modified recombinant anthrax protective antigen with inactivated proteolytic sites and substituted deamidation sites (rPA83m). As a second approach to recombinant PA stabilisation, plant virus spherical particles (SPs) were used as a stabiliser. The combination of these two approaches was shown to be the most effective. Here, the authors report the results of a detailed study of the stability, immunogenicity and protectiveness of rPA83m + SPs compositions. These compositions were shown to be stable, provided high anti-rPA83m antibody titres in guinea pigs and were able to protect them from a fully virulent 81/1 Bacillus anthracis strain. Given these facts, the formulation of rPA83m + SPs compositions is considered to be a prospective anthrax vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy L. Granovskiy
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Dmitriy L. Granovskiy,
| | | | - Ekaterina A. Evtushenko
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A. Kondakova
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V. Arkhipenko
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana B. Kravchenko
- Federal Budget Institution of Science State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (FBIS SRCAMB), Obolensk, Russia
| | - Irina V. Bakhteeva
- Federal Budget Institution of Science State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (FBIS SRCAMB), Obolensk, Russia
| | - Vitalii S. Timofeev
- Federal Budget Institution of Science State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (FBIS SRCAMB), Obolensk, Russia
| | - Nikolai A. Nikitin
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Karpova
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Kondakova OA, Evtushenko EA, Baranov OA, Nikitin NA, Karpova OV. Structurally Modified Plant Viruses and Bacteriophages with Helical Structure. Properties and Applications. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2022; 87:548-558. [PMID: 35790410 PMCID: PMC9201271 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922060062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Structurally modified virus particles can be obtained from the rod-shaped or filamentous virions of plant viruses and bacteriophages by thermal or chemical treatment. They have recently attracted attention of the researchers as promising biogenic platforms for the development of new biotechnologies. This review presents data on preparation, structure, and properties of the structurally modified virus particles. In addition, their biosafety for animals is considered, as well as the areas of application of such particles in biomedicine. A separate section is devoted to one of the most relevant and promising areas for the use of structurally modified plant viruses – design of vaccine candidates based on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Kondakova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | | | - Oleg A Baranov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Nikolai A Nikitin
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Olga V Karpova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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