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Kazimir A, Schwarze B, Lönnecke P, Jelača S, Mijatović S, Maksimović-Ivanić D, Hey-Hawkins E. Exploring the potential of tamoxifen-based copper(ii) dichloride in breast cancer therapy. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2574-2582. [PMID: 38099059 PMCID: PMC10718520 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00344b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, tamoxifen-based hormone therapy has effectively addressed oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) luminal A breast cancer. Nonetheless, the emergence of tamoxifen resistance required innovative approaches, leading to hybrid metallodrugs with several therapeutic effects besides the inhibition of oestrogen receptor α (ERα). Drawing inspiration from tamoxifen metabolite structures (4-hydroxytamoxifen and 4,4'-dihyroxytamoxifen), a phenyl ring was replaced by a bidentate 2,2'-bipyridine donor moiety to give 4-[1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)but-1-en-2-yl]-2,2'-bipyridine (L), enabling coordination of bioactive transition metal compounds such as copper(ii) dichloride, yielding [CuCl(μ-Cl)(L-κ2N,N')]2 (1). Notably, copper(ii) complex 1 exhibited remarkable activity within the low micromolar concentration range against ER+ human glioblastoma U251, as well as breast carcinomas MDA-MB-361 and MCF-7, surpassing the efficacy of previously reported palladium(ii) and platinum(ii) dichloride analogs against these cell lines. The pronounced efficacy of complex 1 against triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells highlights its potential multitherapeutic approach, evident through induction of apoptosis and antioxidant activity. This study evaluates the potential of copper-tamoxifen hybrid complex 1 as a potent therapeutic candidate, highlighting its diverse mechanism of action against challenging breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Kazimir
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University Leipzig Germany
| | - Benedikt Schwarze
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University Germany
| | - Peter Lönnecke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University Leipzig Germany
| | - Sanja Jelača
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade Bulevar despota Stefana 142 11060 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Sanja Mijatović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade Bulevar despota Stefana 142 11060 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade Bulevar despota Stefana 142 11060 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University Leipzig Germany
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Mortuza MG, Roni MAH, Kumer A, Biswas S, Saleh MA, Islam S, Sadaf S, Akther F. A Computational Study on Selected Alkaloids as SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitors: PASS Prediction, Molecular Docking, ADMET Analysis, DFT, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Biochem Res Int 2023; 2023:9975275. [PMID: 37181403 PMCID: PMC10171978 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9975275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite treatments and vaccinations, it remains difficult to develop naturally occurring COVID-19 inhibitors. Here, our main objective is to find potential lead compounds from the retrieved alkaloids with antiviral and other biological properties that selectively target the main SARS-CoV-2 protease (Mpro), which is required for viral replication. In this work, 252 alkaloids were aligned using Lipinski's rule of five and their antiviral activity was then assessed. The prediction of activity spectrum of substances (PASS) data was used to confirm the antiviral activities of 112 alkaloids. Finally, 50 alkaloids were docked with Mpro. Furthermore, assessments of molecular electrostatic potential surface (MEPS), density functional theory (DFT), and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) were performed, and a few of them appeared to have potential as candidates for oral administration. Molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) with a time step of up to 100 ns were used to confirm that the three docked complexes were more stable. It was found that the most prevalent and active binding sites that limit Mpro'sactivity are PHE294, ARG298, and GLN110. All retrieved data were compared to conventional antivirals, fumarostelline, strychnidin-10-one (L-1), 2,3-dimethoxy-brucin (L-7), and alkaloid ND-305B (L-16) and were proposed as enhanced SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. Finally, with additional clinical or necessary study, it may be able to use these indicated natural alkaloids or their analogs as potential therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Golam Mortuza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1217, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abul Hasan Roni
- Department of Science and Humanities, Bangladesh Army International University of Science and Technology, Cumilla 3500, Bangladesh
| | - Ajoy Kumer
- Department of Chemistry, European University of Bangladesh-EUB, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Suvro Biswas
- Miocrobiology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abu Saleh
- Miocrobiology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Shirmin Islam
- Miocrobiology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Samia Sadaf
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Akther
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
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