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Tong T, Xu A, Tan S, Jiang H, Liu L, Deng S, Wang H. Biological Effects and Biomedical Applications of Areca Nut and Its Extract. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:228. [PMID: 38399443 PMCID: PMC10893415 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The dried, mature fruit of the palm tree species Areca catechu L. is known as the areca nut (AN) or betel nut. It is widely cultivated in the tropical regions. In many nations, AN is utilized for traditional herbal treatments or social activities. AN has historically been used to address various health issues, such as diarrhea, arthritis, dyspepsia, malaria, and so on. In this review, we have conducted a comprehensive summary of the biological effects and biomedical applications of AN and its extracts. Initially, we provided an overview of the constituents in AN extract. Subsequently, we summarized the biological effects of AN and its extracts on the digestive system, nervous system, and circulatory system. And we elucidated the contributions of AN and its extracts in antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial applications. Finally, we have discussed the challenges and future perspectives regarding the utilization of AN and its extracts as emerging pharmaceuticals or valuable adjuncts within the pharmaceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan Binglang Science Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Aiqing Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan Binglang Science Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Shuhua Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan Binglang Science Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Hengzhi Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan Binglang Science Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan Binglang Science Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Senwen Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan Binglang Science Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Haihua Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan Binglang Science Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
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Qi Y, Chen Q, Cai X, Liu L, Jiang Y, Zhu X, Huang Z, Wu K, Luo H, Ouyang Q. Self-Assembled Amphiphilic Chitosan Nanomicelles: Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1595. [PMID: 38002276 PMCID: PMC10669896 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although amphiphilic chitosan has been widely studied as a drug carrier for drug delivery, fewer studies have been conducted on the antimicrobial activity of amphiphilic chitosan. In this study, we successfully synthesized deoxycholic acid-modified chitosan (CS-DA) by grafting deoxycholic acid (DA) onto chitosan C2-NH2, followed by grafting succinic anhydride, to prepare a novel amphiphilic chitosan (CS-DA-SA). The substitution degree was 23.93% for deoxycholic acid and 29.25% for succinic anhydride. Both CS-DA and CS-DA-SA showed good blood compatibility. Notably, the synthesized CS-DA-SA can self-assemble to form nanomicelles at low concentrations in an aqueous environment. The results of CS, CS-DA, and CS-DA-SA against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus showed that CS-DA and CS-DA-SA exhibited stronger antimicrobial effects than CS. CS-DA-SA may exert its antimicrobial effect by disrupting cell membranes or forming a membrane on the cell surface. Overall, the novel CS-DA-SA biomaterials have a promising future in antibacterial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qi
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (Y.Q.); (Q.C.); (X.C.); (L.L.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (Z.H.); (H.L.)
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- The Key Lab of Zhanjiang for R&D Marine Microbial Resources in the Beibu Gulf Rim, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Qizhou Chen
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (Y.Q.); (Q.C.); (X.C.); (L.L.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (Z.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Xiaofen Cai
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (Y.Q.); (Q.C.); (X.C.); (L.L.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (Z.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Lifen Liu
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (Y.Q.); (Q.C.); (X.C.); (L.L.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (Z.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (Y.Q.); (Q.C.); (X.C.); (L.L.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (Z.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Xufeng Zhu
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (Y.Q.); (Q.C.); (X.C.); (L.L.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (Z.H.); (H.L.)
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Zhicheng Huang
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (Y.Q.); (Q.C.); (X.C.); (L.L.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (Z.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Kefeng Wu
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (Y.Q.); (Q.C.); (X.C.); (L.L.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (Z.H.); (H.L.)
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- The Key Lab of Zhanjiang for R&D Marine Microbial Resources in the Beibu Gulf Rim, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (Y.Q.); (Q.C.); (X.C.); (L.L.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (Z.H.); (H.L.)
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- The Key Lab of Zhanjiang for R&D Marine Microbial Resources in the Beibu Gulf Rim, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Qianqian Ouyang
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (Y.Q.); (Q.C.); (X.C.); (L.L.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (Z.H.); (H.L.)
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- The Key Lab of Zhanjiang for R&D Marine Microbial Resources in the Beibu Gulf Rim, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
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Qi R, Cui Y, Liu J, Wang X, Yuan H. Recent Advances of Composite Nanomaterials for Antibiofilm Application. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2725. [PMID: 37836366 PMCID: PMC10574477 DOI: 10.3390/nano13192725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
A biofilm is a microbial community formed by bacteria that adsorb on the surface of tissues or materials and is wrapped in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) such as polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids. As a protective barrier, the EPS can not only prevent the penetration of antibiotics and other antibacterial agents into the biofilm, but also protect the bacteria in the biofilm from the attacks of the human immune system, making it difficult to eradicate biofilm-related infections and posing a serious threat to public health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new and efficient antibiofilm drugs. Although natural enzymes (lysozyme, peroxidase, etc.) and antimicrobial peptides have excellent bactericidal activity, their low stability in the physiological environment and poor permeability in biofilms limit their application in antibiofilms. With the development of materials science, more and more nanomaterials are being designed to be utilized for antimicrobial and antibiofilm applications. Nanomaterials have great application prospects in antibiofilm because of their good biocompati-bility, unique physical and chemical properties, adjustable nanostructure, high permeability and non-proneness to induce bacterial resistance. In this review, with the application of composite nanomaterials in antibiofilms as the theme, we summarize the research progress of three types of composite nanomaterials, including organic composite materials, inorganic materials and organic-inorganic hybrid materials, used as antibiofilms with non-phototherapy and phototherapy modes of action. At the same time, the challenges and development directions of these composite nanomaterials in antibiofilm therapy are also discussed. It is expected we will provide new ideas for the design of safe and efficient antibiofilm materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilian Qi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (R.Q.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yuanyuan Cui
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (R.Q.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100090, China;
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Huanxiang Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (R.Q.); (Y.C.)
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