1
|
Sharkas AR, Ali Sherazi B, Sayyed SA, Kinny F, Steichert M, Schwender H, Laeer S. Development and Evaluation of Interprofessional High-Fidelity Simulation Course on Medication Therapy Consultation for German Pharmacy and Medical Students-A Randomized Controlled Study. PHARMACY 2024; 12:128. [PMID: 39195857 PMCID: PMC11359710 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy12040128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a remarkable move towards interprofessional collaboration in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the care of comorbidities. In Germany, there has been a gradual increase in interprofessional learning in medical and pharmacy education, aiming to enhance patient care. To adapt the pharmacy curriculum for collaborative practice between pharmacy and medical students, we developed an immersive interprofessional collaboration course for pharmacy students using adult and pediatric high-fidelity simulators (HFS) to assess and train medication consultation skills. In a randomized controlled trial, we investigated whether interprofessional training between pharmacy and medical students results in differences in pharmacy students' performance of medication therapy consultation compared to the case of mono-professional training of pharmacy students only. Before and after inter/mono-professional training, each pharmacy student performed an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) and completed a self-assessment questionnaire. Additionally, an attitude survey towards interprofessional learning was completed by pharmacy and medical students at the end of the training. As expected, interprofessional as well as mono-professional training showed a statistically significant increase in medication consultation skills. Of importance, the performance in the interprofessional training group was significantly better than in the mono-professional group, particularly in drug therapy counselling and consultation behaviors. There was a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in self-assessment scores, and all study participants had positive attitudes toward interprofessional collaboration and training. Therefore, interprofessional training using HFS has been shown to appropriately train pharmacy students for collaborative practice and consultation skills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Reda Sharkas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (B.A.S.); (S.A.S.); (M.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Bushra Ali Sherazi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (B.A.S.); (S.A.S.); (M.S.); (S.L.)
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Ahmad Sayyed
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (B.A.S.); (S.A.S.); (M.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Florian Kinny
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (B.A.S.); (S.A.S.); (M.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Melina Steichert
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (B.A.S.); (S.A.S.); (M.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Holger Schwender
- Mathematical Institute, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephanie Laeer
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (B.A.S.); (S.A.S.); (M.S.); (S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Depasquale C, Cunningham S, Jacob SA, Boyter A, Portlock J, Power A, Addison B. A cross-sectional study examining the nature and extent of interprofessional education in schools of pharmacy in the United Kingdom. Int J Clin Pharm 2024; 46:122-130. [PMID: 37921938 PMCID: PMC10830770 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-023-01655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interprofessional education can prepare the workforce for collaborative practice in complex health and social care systems. AIM To examine the nature and extent of interprofessional education in schools of pharmacy in the United Kingdom. METHOD An online questionnaire was developed using systems theory, published literature and input from an interprofessional expert panel; it included closed and open-ended questions and a demographic section. Following piloting, it was distributed to 31 schools of pharmacy. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data, and a content analysis approach for qualitative data. RESULTS Ten schools of pharmacy responded. All reported delivering compulsory interprofessional education. Most (80%) reported an interprofessional steering group overseeing development. Formative and/or summative assessment varied depending on year of study. Mechanism and purpose of evaluation varied with respondents reporting Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model Levels 1-3 (100%; 80%; 70%). Two themes were identified: "Variation in Interprofessional Education Approaches and Opportunities" and "Factors Influencing Development and Implementation of Interprofessional Education". Formal teaching was mainly integrated into other modules; various pedagogic approaches and topics were used for campus-based activities. Respondents referred to planned interprofessional education during practice-based placements; some still at pilot stage. Overall, respondents agreed that practice-based placements offered opportunistic interprofessional education, but a more focused approach is needed to maximise student pharmacists' learning potential. CONCLUSION Most interprofessional education offered in undergraduate pharmacy curricula in the United Kingdom is campus-based; the nature and extent of which varies between programmes. Very few examples of practice-based activities were reported. Results may inform future interprofessional education curricular development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare Depasquale
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Scott Cunningham
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Sabrina Anne Jacob
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anne Boyter
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jane Portlock
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Brian Addison
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jin H, Huang Y, Xi X, Chen L. Exploring the training of pharmacists oriented to the demands for clinical pharmacy services: from the perspective of physicians. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:357. [PMID: 37217963 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate physicians' perceptions, experiences and expectations of clinical pharmacists in China from the perspective of physicians' demands, to improve the training of pharmacists. METHODS A cross-sectional survey involving physicians (except for primary physicians) was conducted from July to August 2019 in China. Using a field questionnaire, this study gathered data on descriptive information about the respondents and their perceptions, experiences and expectations of clinical pharmacists. Data were analysed descriptively using frequencies, percentages and mean. Several subgroup analyses using Chi-square tests were conducted to identify physicians' demands for clinical pharmacists in China. RESULTS A total of 1376 physicians from secondary and tertiary hospitals in China (response rate = 92%) participated. The majority of the respondents were comfortable with clinical pharmacists providing education to patients (59.09%) and detecting and preventing prescription errors (60.17%), but they appeared uncomfortable when asked about clinical pharmacists suggesting the use of prescription medications to patients (15.71%). Most respondents agreed that clinical pharmacists are a reliable source of general drug information (81.84%) instead of clinical drug information (79.58%). The majority of the respondents expected clinical pharmacists to be knowledgeable drug therapy experts (95.56%) and to educate their patients about the safe and appropriate use of medications (95.56%). CONCLUSION Physicians' perceptions and experiences were positively associated with the frequency of their interaction with clinical pharmacists. They had high expectations of clinical pharmacists as knowledgeable drug therapy experts. Corresponding policies and measures are needed to improve the education and training system of clinical pharmacists in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Jin
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Drug Regulatory Innovation and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuankai Huang
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Drug Regulatory Innovation and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xi
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Drug Regulatory Innovation and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Drug Regulatory Innovation and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bawab N, Moullin J, Jotterand S, Rossier C, Schneider MP, Perraudin C. Building Interprofessional Collaborative Practices Through a Support Program for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care. THE JOURNAL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION IN THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS 2023; 43:77-86. [PMID: 36877813 PMCID: PMC10219666 DOI: 10.1097/ceh.0000000000000466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The building of interprofessional collaborative practices throughout the implementation process of a patient support program (Siscare) in primary care for patients with type 2 diabetes was assessed. Siscare included regular patient-pharmacist motivational-based interviews; medication adherence, patient-reported, and clinical outcomes monitoring; and physician-pharmacist interactions. METHOD This investigation was a prospective, multicenter, observational, mixed-methods cohort study. Interprofessionality was operationalized through four progressive levels of interrelationship practices between the health care professionals. The target number of patients per pharmacy was 10 among 20 pharmacies. RESULTS The project started with the recognition of Siscare by stakeholders, the creation of an interprofessional steering committee, and the adoption of Siscare by 41 pharmacies among 47 pharmacies in April 2016. Nineteen pharmacies presented Siscare at 43 meetings attended by 115 physicians. Twenty-seven pharmacies included 212 patients; however, no physician prescribed Siscare. Collaboration primarily occurred through the unidirectional transmission of information from the pharmacist to the physician (level 1: 70% of pharmacists transmitted interview reports to physicians), bidirectional exchange of information sometimes occurred (level 2: 42% received physician responses), and concerted measures of treatment objectives took place occasionally (level 3). Twenty-nine of 33 physicians surveyed were in favor of this collaboration. DISCUSSION Despite multiple implementation strategies, physician resistance and lack of motivation to participate exists, but Siscare was well received by pharmacists, patients, and physicians. Barriers to collaborative practice (financial and IT) need to be further explored. Interprofessional collaboration is a clear need to improve type 2 diabetes adherence and outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noura Bawab
- Dr. Bawab: Research fellow, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of ambulatory care, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Dr. Moullin: Senior Research Fellow, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia; Mr. Jotterand: General practitioner, Médecins de famille et de l'enfance Suisse, Zürich, Switzerland; and Sispha SA, Ofac, Lausanne, Switzerland. Mr. Rossier: Pharmacist, Sispha SA, Ofac, Lausanne, Switzerland. Prof. Schneider: Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland, and Medication adherence and Interprofessionality lab, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Dr. Perraudin: Health economist, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of ambulatory care, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joanna Moullin
- Dr. Bawab: Research fellow, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of ambulatory care, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Dr. Moullin: Senior Research Fellow, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia; Mr. Jotterand: General practitioner, Médecins de famille et de l'enfance Suisse, Zürich, Switzerland; and Sispha SA, Ofac, Lausanne, Switzerland. Mr. Rossier: Pharmacist, Sispha SA, Ofac, Lausanne, Switzerland. Prof. Schneider: Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland, and Medication adherence and Interprofessionality lab, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Dr. Perraudin: Health economist, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of ambulatory care, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Jotterand
- Dr. Bawab: Research fellow, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of ambulatory care, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Dr. Moullin: Senior Research Fellow, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia; Mr. Jotterand: General practitioner, Médecins de famille et de l'enfance Suisse, Zürich, Switzerland; and Sispha SA, Ofac, Lausanne, Switzerland. Mr. Rossier: Pharmacist, Sispha SA, Ofac, Lausanne, Switzerland. Prof. Schneider: Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland, and Medication adherence and Interprofessionality lab, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Dr. Perraudin: Health economist, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of ambulatory care, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Rossier
- Dr. Bawab: Research fellow, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of ambulatory care, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Dr. Moullin: Senior Research Fellow, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia; Mr. Jotterand: General practitioner, Médecins de famille et de l'enfance Suisse, Zürich, Switzerland; and Sispha SA, Ofac, Lausanne, Switzerland. Mr. Rossier: Pharmacist, Sispha SA, Ofac, Lausanne, Switzerland. Prof. Schneider: Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland, and Medication adherence and Interprofessionality lab, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Dr. Perraudin: Health economist, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of ambulatory care, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Paule Schneider
- Dr. Bawab: Research fellow, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of ambulatory care, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Dr. Moullin: Senior Research Fellow, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia; Mr. Jotterand: General practitioner, Médecins de famille et de l'enfance Suisse, Zürich, Switzerland; and Sispha SA, Ofac, Lausanne, Switzerland. Mr. Rossier: Pharmacist, Sispha SA, Ofac, Lausanne, Switzerland. Prof. Schneider: Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland, and Medication adherence and Interprofessionality lab, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Dr. Perraudin: Health economist, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of ambulatory care, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Clémence Perraudin
- Dr. Bawab: Research fellow, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of ambulatory care, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Dr. Moullin: Senior Research Fellow, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia; Mr. Jotterand: General practitioner, Médecins de famille et de l'enfance Suisse, Zürich, Switzerland; and Sispha SA, Ofac, Lausanne, Switzerland. Mr. Rossier: Pharmacist, Sispha SA, Ofac, Lausanne, Switzerland. Prof. Schneider: Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland, and Medication adherence and Interprofessionality lab, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Dr. Perraudin: Health economist, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of ambulatory care, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Madisa M, Filmalter CJ, Heyns T. Considerations for promoting the implementation of work-based interprofessional education programmes: A scoping review. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2023; 120:105617. [PMID: 36368119 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective inter-professional collaboration may improve healthcare outcomes, including maternal and child healthcare settings where unfavourable outcomes are often due to communication and collaboration failures. OBJECTIVE Explore the considerations for promoting the implementation of work-based interprofessional education programmes. METHODS A scoping review guided by the methodological framework of Arksery and O'Malley was used to analyse 28 articles published between 2000 and 2020. The reporting was guided by the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews. RESULTS Twenty-seven of 28 articles were studies conducted in high-income countries. The review revealed considerations which were themed as 1) mobilisation of resources, 2) helpful learning environment, 3) healthcare professional's valuation and 4) barriers prior to implementing IPE/IPC. Successful implementation of interventions triggered motivation, confidence, self-efficacy, value for IPE/IPC. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that there are specific considerations that can contribute to the uptake of IPE/IPC interventions in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Montlenyane Madisa
- University of Pretoria, Department of Nursing Science, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Celia J Filmalter
- University of Pretoria, Department of Nursing Science, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Tanya Heyns
- University of Pretoria, Department of Nursing Science, Pretoria, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abdelhakim HE, Brown L, Mills L, Ahmad A, Hammell J, McKechnie DGJ, Ng TWT, Lever R, Whittlesea C, Rosenthal J, Orlu M. Medical and pharmacy students' perspectives of remote synchronous interprofessional education sessions. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:611. [PMID: 35945560 PMCID: PMC9363136 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interprofessional education (IPE) at university level is an essential component of undergraduate healthcare curricula, as well as being a requirement of many associated regulatory bodies. In this study, the perception of pharmacy and medical students' of remote IPE was evaluated. METHODS A series of IPE sessions took place via Zoom and students' feedback was collected after each session. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analysed. RESULTS 72% (23/32) of medical students strongly agreed that the sessions had helped to improve their appreciation of the role of pharmacists, whereas 37% (22/59) of pharmacy students strongly agreed, reporting a median response of 'somewhat agreeing', that their appreciation of the role of general practitioners had improved. This difference was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.0143). Amongst students who responded, 55% (53/97) identified remote teaching as their preferred mode of delivery for an IPE session. CONCLUSIONS The survey demonstrated that the students valued the development of their prescribing skills as well as the ancillary skills gained, such as communication and teamwork. Remote IPE can be a practical means of improving medical and pharmacy students' understanding of each other's professional roles, as well as improving the skills required for prescribing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hend E Abdelhakim
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Louise Brown
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Lizzie Mills
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Anika Ahmad
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - James Hammell
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Douglas G J McKechnie
- UCL Research Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Tin Wai Terry Ng
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Rebecca Lever
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Cate Whittlesea
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Joe Rosenthal
- UCL Research Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Mine Orlu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hanifah S, Sari CP, Medisa D, Rahmawati R. Competency Achievement of Apothecary Students through Community Health Interprofessional Program. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: aims to measure the achievement of inter-professional competency of apothecary and medical students after taking IPE in a form of home care visit.
Methods: Fifty-eight students of pharmacy and seventy-eight medical students are listed in the community health interprofessional program (COHIP) by simulation on prescription service and followed by home visit to patients of public health center. Evaluation is conducted by taking the design of pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental without group control. The research result is measured by using Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Scale (ICCAS) consists of communication, collaborative, roles and responsibilities, collaborative patient/family-centered approach, conflict management/resolution, and team functioning. The compiled data are displayed descriptively in which statistical paired sample T-test was conducted.
Result: 134 respondents involved in this program had finished the pre-test and post-test. The highest mean values of IPE activity of apothecary and medical student are collaborative and conflict management/resolution domain. The overall statistical analysis result of ICCAS domains and items shows significant improvement.
Conclusion: Home visit program and simulation on prescription service in a frame of community health interprofessional program have effect towards the improvement of inter-professional competency of pharmacy and medical students, which consists of Communication, Collaborative, Roles and Responsibilities, Collaborative Patient/Family-Centered Approach, Conflict Management/Resolution, and Team Functioning.
Collapse
|
8
|
Saka SA, Adisa R, Isah A, Biambo AA. Pharmacy graduates' perceptions of competency, integration, and social accountability in the undergraduate curriculum of pharmacy schools in Nigeria. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2021; 13:1414-1423. [PMID: 34799053 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An integrated, competency-based curriculum that fosters social accountability including cultural sensitivity among graduates is an educational strategy towards producing practice-ready professionals. This study aimed to evaluate pharmacy graduates' perceptions of competency, integration, and social accountability in the undergraduate curriculum of Nigerian schools of pharmacy. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey consisting of a 42-item questionnaire was administered to 467 purposively selected pharmacy graduates who completed their undergraduate training between January 2012 and February 2020 from 20 accredited Nigerian pharmacy schools. Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the differences in the participants' responses on a Likert scale. RESULTS Of 467 participants, 54.4% felt that the Nigerian undergraduate pharmacy curriculum was not adequate in content, while 54.2% felt the courses in the curriculum were not well integrated to facilitate easy learning by students. About half (50.6%) strongly agreed or agreed that "the basic pharmacy courses are well synchronized with the clinical components" but 28.9% strongly disagreed or disagreed. The majority (88%), with no significant difference between gender (z = -1.615, P = .11), strongly agreed or agreed that they apply knowledge of clients' culture and disparity to deliver pharmaceutical services. CONCLUSIONS Marginally above half of the graduates perceived the Nigerian undergraduate pharmacy curriculum to be deficient in course content. There is evidence of limited integration and social accountability in the curriculum. Cultural sensitivity appears to be a component of the curriculum but this needs to be properly structured. The pedagogy strategy for learning cultural sensitivity should be further interrogated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sule A Saka
- Clinical Pharmacy & Bio-Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University Ogun State Faculty of Pharmacy, PMB 2022, Sagamu, Nigeria.
| | - Rasaq Adisa
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, University of Ibadan Oyo State Faculty of Pharmacy, Nigeria.
| | - Abdulmuminu Isah
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria Enugu State Faculty of Pharmacy, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria.
| | - Aminu A Biambo
- Researcher Clinical Pharmacy & Practice, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nigeria.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Carlisle C, Taing MW. Interprofessional education between dentistry and pharmacy students: delivery, barriers and facilitating implementation. Aust Dent J 2021; 66:351-357. [PMID: 34031880 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Interprofessional education (IPE) between dentistry and pharmacy students is an approach to teach effective collaborative practice between a team of future health care providers. It relies on the support and motivation of students, staff and professionals to implement a variety of educational strategies and might involve evaluating student progression before and after delivery. Many barriers exist towards the implementation of IPE between dentistry and pharmacy health disciplines and outlining experiences across educational/clinical practice settings and possible solutions would assist in reducing those walls to realization. Implementation of IPE between pharmacy and dentistry undergraduate programs might lead to improved workplace collaborations and reduce medication errors, adverse events and increase in cross-referrals. Interprofessional education within undergraduate training forms the first steps towards reducing the burden on health care systems by enabling effective collaboration to improve patient outcomes. This narrative review describes IPE strategies used between pharmacy and dentistry undergraduate disciplines to enable collaboration, discusses the barriers and facilitators towards implementing IPE, and future directions for IPE education between these two disciplines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Carlisle
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M-W Taing
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shrestha S, Shakya D, Palaian S. Clinical Pharmacy Education and Practice in Nepal: A Glimpse into Present Challenges and Potential Solutions. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2020; 11:541-548. [PMID: 32884392 PMCID: PMC7439280 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s257351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This commentary article highlights the challenges in providing clinical pharmacy education in Nepal and suggests a few ways forward. Contrary to other health care professions, clinical pharmacy practice is a new healthcare discipline in the country which is currently undergoing transition. The existing pharmacy curriculum and training in the country can provide competencies needed for pharmacists in industrial settings. Considering the importance of clinical pharmacists in patient care, the Government of Nepal has implemented a policy recommending the recruitment of clinical pharmacists in hospitals. However, the education and training for pharmacists provided in the country are not sufficient enough for optimum patient care and for delivering clinical pharmacy services. International collaborations in terms of faculty and student exchanges, preceptor training, and accreditation by international organizations such as Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), establishment of need-based curriculum, incorporating clinical pharmacy department under the organizational structure of hospitals, etc., may be the right approaches to improve the current status of clinical pharmacy education in the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Shrestha
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Service Research, Nepal Health Research and Innovation Foundation, Lalitpur, Nepal
- Department of Pharmacy, Nepal Cancer Hospital and Research Center Pvt. Ltd, Harisiddhi, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Deepa Shakya
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Service Research, Nepal Health Research and Innovation Foundation, Lalitpur, Nepal
- Department of Pharmacy, Norvic International Hospital, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Subish Palaian
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lech LVJ, Husted GR, Almarsdottír AB, Andersen TRH, Rossing C, Nørgaard LS. Hospital and Community Pharmacists' Views of and Perspectives on the Establishment of an Intraprofessional Collaboration in the Transition of Care for Newly Discharged Patients. Innov Pharm 2020; 11. [PMID: 34007619 PMCID: PMC8075132 DOI: 10.24926/iip.v11i3.2440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hospital and community pharmacists are increasingly involved in patients’ medication interventions related to the transition of care from the hospital to a patient’s home. These interventions may enable pharmacists to collaborate across healthcare sector boundaries. However, little is known about pharmacists’ views on intraprofessional collaboration across healthcare sectors and what affects the establishment of such collaboration. Objectives The aim of this study was to understand the views and perspectives of hospital pharmacists (HPs) and community pharmacists (CPs) on establishing an intraprofessional collaboration in relation to newly discharging patients. Methods Joint focus group interviews with HPs and CPs in the Zealand region of Denmark were conducted. The HPs were employed at the only hospital pharmacy in the region (Region Zealand Hospital Pharmacy). Five HPs and six CPs participated in two focus groups. The focus groups were analyzed using theoretical thematic analysis. Results Three themes and seven subthemes were identified. The first theme, “Context”, was divided into two subthemes: “Prioritization of new tasks in the intraprofessional collaboration” and “The lack of insight into the patient’s hospital stay”. The second theme, “The hospital physicians and GPs as the focal points for the HPs’ and CPs’ work”, was divided into three subthemes: “The limitation of the CPs and HPs based on current roles and organizations”, “Lack of regular access to the physician gives the patients more responsibility” and “Lack of support from the GPs for the work conducted by HPs and CPs”. The last theme, “Individuals”, had two subthemes: “The motivation for working intraprofessionally” and “CPs’ hesitancy towards the new tasks in the intraprofessional collaboration”. Conclusion Both HPs and CPs are highly influenced by their work context in regard to establishing a new intraprofessional collaboration. Limited resources for intraprofessional collaboration should be taken into account. Likewise, the collaboration should fit into daily routines, which may eliminate hesitancy towards new forms of collaboration and tasks shared between HPs and CPs. The physician was identified as an important key professional, since the work tasks of both HPs and CPs depend on the physician, which in turn limits the capability and success of solely intraprofessional collaboration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura V J Lech
- The Social and Clinical Pharmacy Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen
| | | | - Anna Birna Almarsdottír
- The Social and Clinical Pharmacy Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen
| | | | | | - Lotte S Nørgaard
- The Social and Clinical Pharmacy Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang Y, Yao D, Zhang W, Wang Y, Yao W. Do clerkship schemes effectively improve pharmacy students' understanding of and attitudes regarding pharmaceutical care?--a pre-post study in China Pharmaceutical University. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2019; 19:425. [PMID: 31729988 PMCID: PMC6858655 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-019-1862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clerkship is potentially an effective measure of improving the pharmacy students' understanding of and attitudes toward pharmaceutical care. This research aimed to validate whether clerkship schemes in China effectively improve pharmacy students' understanding of and attitudes toward PC, and discuss on how to improve the clerkship schemes for better quality. METHODS A pre-post and self-administrated questionnaire survey among three continuous years of students was conducted to measure Chinese fifth-year clinical pharmacy students' differences in understanding of pharmaceutical care and attitudes toward pharmaceutical care before and after their clerkship schemes. Statistical analysis was conducted on the retrieved data. RESULTS 602 respondents completed the post-part survey (drop rate = 1.8%). Correct rates of all statements regarding students' understanding of pharmaceutical care were generally increased, but the rates of respondents holding correct understanding of the primary goal of pharmaceutical care (71.9 to 85.0%), the necessity of drug information support in pharmaceutical care (77.1 to 87.5%) and the patients' role and duty when receiving pharmaceutical care (66.1 to 70.6%) were unsatisfactory before the clerkship and the improvement was not significant. Most statements regarding students' attitudes toward pharmaceutical care were improved in general. However, rates of respondents holding negative attitudes toward students performing pharmaceutical care during their clerkship (3.7 to 7.5%) and choosing pharmaceutical care provider as their career after clerkship schemes (10.8 to 14.8%) had increased after the clerkship schemes. CONCLUSION Clerkship generally improves clinical pharmacy students' understanding of and attitudes toward pharmaceutical care, yet adjustments are also required in some contents of the clerkship for further improvements in its outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuankai Huang
- National Development Research Center of Licensed Pharmacist, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dongning Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- National Development Research Center of Licensed Pharmacist, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Wenbing Yao
- National Development Research Center of Licensed Pharmacist, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Graber ML, Grice GR, Ling LJ, Conway JM, Olson A. Pharmacy Education Needs to Address Diagnostic Safety. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2019; 83:7442. [PMID: 31507297 PMCID: PMC6718490 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe7442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education, and the Center for the Advancement of Pharmacy Education frame patient safety from the perspective of medication management, which is also the current focus of pharmacy education and training. With the growing appreciation that diagnostic errors represent an urgent and actionable patient safety concern, the National Academy of Medicine has recommended diagnostic safety training for all health care professions. The Society to Improve Diagnosis in Medicine has worked with an interprofessional consensus group to identify a set of 12 key competencies necessary to achieve diagnostic quality and safety that focuses on individual, team-based, and system-related competencies. Much of this already exists in pharmacy education, but pharmacy training programs need to give graduates more guidance on how they contribute to the diagnostic process and the prevention and detection of diagnostic errors. We describe the current state of progress in this regard, and what steps are needed by training programs to provide content and assessment so that graduates achieve the requisite competencies. Governing and advisory bodies need to expand the expectations around patient safety to include diagnostic safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Graber
- The Society to Improve Diagnosis in Medicine, Plymouth, Massachusetts
| | | | - Louis J Ling
- Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jeannine M Conway
- University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Andrew Olson
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kayyali R, Harrap N, Albayaty A, Savickas V, Hammell J, Hyatt F, Elliott K, Richardson S. Simulation in pharmacy education to enhance interprofessional education. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2019; 27:295-302. [PMID: 30648772 DOI: 10.1111/ijpp.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased demands from healthcare services have led to new roles for healthcare professionals (HCPs). Simulation based learning (SBL) can offer multidisciplinary HCPs and students a format to train for such emerging roles. The aim of this work was to adapt existing nursing SBL to involve pharmacy students and evaluate perceptions and effectiveness of SBL when used for interprofessional education (IPE). METHODS Settings were a simulated hospital ward and a general practitioner (GP) practice. Participants were pharmacy and nursing students. Evaluation was by questionnaires and interviews. Ethical approval was obtained from the University Ethics Committee. KEY FINDINGS A total of 440 students participated. The majority of respondents (317/330;96%) found the sessions useful. All elements were highly rated: briefing (315/340;93%), setting (301/321;94%), scenario (325/338;96%), feedback (303/327;93%), interaction with the "patient" (328/338;97%), interactions with other HCP trainee (293/329;89%). The majority (304/327;93%) agreed that they felt the sessions had enhanced their skills. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) enhancement in communication confidence was perceived by the students. Students gained understanding of each other's roles, and appreciated practicing communication and teamwork. CONCLUSIONS Students recognised the importance, usefulness and need for IPE. SBL has the potential to support a variety of HCPs to facilitate uptake of new roles and working in multidisciplinary teams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Kayyali
- School of Pharmacy, Chemistry and Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Nicola Harrap
- School of Pharmacy, Chemistry and Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Aiden Albayaty
- School of Pharmacy, Chemistry and Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Vilius Savickas
- Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton & Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, Sussex, UK
| | - James Hammell
- Grafton Medical Partners, Upper Tooting Surgery, London, UK
| | - Francina Hyatt
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Kingston University and St George's, University of London, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Karen Elliott
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Kingston University and St George's, University of London, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Sally Richardson
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Kingston University and St George's, University of London, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
O'Hara C, Trotter L, Olsen C, Stinson D, McCutcheon K. Development of an e-learning programme to improve knowledge of interprofessional education. BRITISH JOURNAL OF NURSING (MARK ALLEN PUBLISHING) 2018; 27:1242-1245. [PMID: 30457381 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2018.27.21.1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Evidence has highlighted the importance of interprofessional education in relation to the promotion of collaborative team working and the ultimate reduction in communication errors between health professionals. The establishment of interprofessional education in undergraduate healthcare programmes prepares students for interprofessional collaboration, which is vital to the delivery of safe patient care. Using a logic model approach an interprofessional education e-learning programme was developed and made available to healthcare students to undertake during their clinical practice experiences. This article describes how a logic model process was used to develop and implement this interprofessional education e-learning programme for use by undergraduate healthcare students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare O'Hara
- Practice Education Facilitator, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust
| | - Lana Trotter
- Practice Education Facilitator, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust
| | - Carl Olsen
- Practice Education Facilitator, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust
| | - Donna Stinson
- Practice Education Facilitator, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust
| | | |
Collapse
|