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Faria SP, Carpinteiro C, Pinto V, Rodrigues SM, Alves J, Marques F, Lourenço M, Santos PH, Ramos A, Cardoso MJ, Guimarães JT, Rocha S, Sampaio P, Clifton DA, Mumtaz M, Paiva JS. Forecasting COVID-19 Severity by Intelligent Optical Fingerprinting of Blood Samples. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11081309. [PMID: 34441244 PMCID: PMC8392709 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Forecasting COVID-19 disease severity is key to supporting clinical decision making and assisting resource allocation, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). Here, we investigated the utility of time- and frequency-related features of the backscattered signal of serum patient samples to predict COVID-19 disease severity immediately after diagnosis. ICU admission was the primary outcome used to define disease severity. We developed a stacking ensemble machine learning model including the backscattered signal features (optical fingerprint), patient comorbidities, and age (AUROC = 0.80), which significantly outperformed the predictive value of clinical and laboratory variables available at hospital admission (AUROC = 0.71). The information derived from patient optical fingerprints was not strongly correlated with any clinical/laboratory variable, suggesting that optical fingerprinting brings unique information for COVID-19 severity risk assessment. Optical fingerprinting is a label-free, real-time, and low-cost technology that can be easily integrated as a front-line tool to facilitate the triage and clinical management of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simão P. Faria
- iLoF—Intelligent Lab on Fiber, Limited, Oxford OX1 2EW, UK; (S.P.F.); (C.C.); (V.P.); (S.M.R.); (J.A.); (F.M.); (M.L.); (P.H.S.); (S.R.); (P.S.); (M.M.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Cristiana Carpinteiro
- iLoF—Intelligent Lab on Fiber, Limited, Oxford OX1 2EW, UK; (S.P.F.); (C.C.); (V.P.); (S.M.R.); (J.A.); (F.M.); (M.L.); (P.H.S.); (S.R.); (P.S.); (M.M.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Vanessa Pinto
- iLoF—Intelligent Lab on Fiber, Limited, Oxford OX1 2EW, UK; (S.P.F.); (C.C.); (V.P.); (S.M.R.); (J.A.); (F.M.); (M.L.); (P.H.S.); (S.R.); (P.S.); (M.M.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Sandra M. Rodrigues
- iLoF—Intelligent Lab on Fiber, Limited, Oxford OX1 2EW, UK; (S.P.F.); (C.C.); (V.P.); (S.M.R.); (J.A.); (F.M.); (M.L.); (P.H.S.); (S.R.); (P.S.); (M.M.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - José Alves
- iLoF—Intelligent Lab on Fiber, Limited, Oxford OX1 2EW, UK; (S.P.F.); (C.C.); (V.P.); (S.M.R.); (J.A.); (F.M.); (M.L.); (P.H.S.); (S.R.); (P.S.); (M.M.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Filipe Marques
- iLoF—Intelligent Lab on Fiber, Limited, Oxford OX1 2EW, UK; (S.P.F.); (C.C.); (V.P.); (S.M.R.); (J.A.); (F.M.); (M.L.); (P.H.S.); (S.R.); (P.S.); (M.M.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Marta Lourenço
- iLoF—Intelligent Lab on Fiber, Limited, Oxford OX1 2EW, UK; (S.P.F.); (C.C.); (V.P.); (S.M.R.); (J.A.); (F.M.); (M.L.); (P.H.S.); (S.R.); (P.S.); (M.M.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Paulo H. Santos
- iLoF—Intelligent Lab on Fiber, Limited, Oxford OX1 2EW, UK; (S.P.F.); (C.C.); (V.P.); (S.M.R.); (J.A.); (F.M.); (M.L.); (P.H.S.); (S.R.); (P.S.); (M.M.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Angélica Ramos
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (M.J.C.)
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Cardoso
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (M.J.C.)
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - João T. Guimarães
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (M.J.C.)
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Rocha
- iLoF—Intelligent Lab on Fiber, Limited, Oxford OX1 2EW, UK; (S.P.F.); (C.C.); (V.P.); (S.M.R.); (J.A.); (F.M.); (M.L.); (P.H.S.); (S.R.); (P.S.); (M.M.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Paula Sampaio
- iLoF—Intelligent Lab on Fiber, Limited, Oxford OX1 2EW, UK; (S.P.F.); (C.C.); (V.P.); (S.M.R.); (J.A.); (F.M.); (M.L.); (P.H.S.); (S.R.); (P.S.); (M.M.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - David A. Clifton
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
| | - Mehak Mumtaz
- iLoF—Intelligent Lab on Fiber, Limited, Oxford OX1 2EW, UK; (S.P.F.); (C.C.); (V.P.); (S.M.R.); (J.A.); (F.M.); (M.L.); (P.H.S.); (S.R.); (P.S.); (M.M.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Joana S. Paiva
- iLoF—Intelligent Lab on Fiber, Limited, Oxford OX1 2EW, UK; (S.P.F.); (C.C.); (V.P.); (S.M.R.); (J.A.); (F.M.); (M.L.); (P.H.S.); (S.R.); (P.S.); (M.M.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Pisco M, Cusano A. Lab-On-Fiber Technology: A Roadmap toward Multifunctional Plug and Play Platforms. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20174705. [PMID: 32825396 PMCID: PMC7506742 DOI: 10.3390/s20174705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review presents an overview of the “lab-on-fiber technology” vision and the main milestones set in the technological roadmap to achieve the ultimate objective of developing flexible, multifunctional plug and play fiber-optic platforms designed for specific applications. The main achievements, obtained with nanofabrication strategies for unconventional substrates, such as optical fibers, are discussed here. The perspectives and challenges that lie ahead are highlighted with a special focus on full spatial control at the nanoscale and high-throughput production scenarios. The rapid progress in the fabrication stage has opened new avenues toward the development of multifunctional plug and play platforms, discussed here with particular emphasis on new functionalities and unparalleled figures of merit, to demonstrate the potential of this powerful technology in many strategic application scenarios. The paper also analyses the benefits obtained from merging lab-on-fiber (LOF) technology objectives with the emerging field of optomechanics, especially at the microscale and the nanoscale. We illustrate the main advances at the fabrication level, describe the main achievements in terms of functionalities and performance, and highlight future directions and related milestones. All achievements reviewed and discussed clearly suggest that LOF technology is much more than a simple vision and could play a central role not only in scenarios related to diagnostics and monitoring but also in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) field, where optical fibers have already yielded remarkable results.
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Abstract
Recent advances in opto-thermophoretic tweezers open new avenues for low-power trapping and manipulation of nanoparticles with potential applications in colloidal assembly, nanomanufacturing, life sciences, and nanomedicine. However, to fully exploit the opto-thermophoretic tweezers for widespread applications, the enhancement of their versatility in nanoparticle manipulations is pivotal. For this purpose, we translate our newly developed opto-thermophoretic tweezers onto an optical fiber platform known as opto-thermophoretic fiber tweezers (OTFT). We have demonstrated the applications of OTFT as a nanoparticle concentrator, as a nanopipette for single particle delivery, and as a nanoprobe. The simple setup and functional versatility of OTFT would encourage its use in various fields such as additive manufacturing, single nanoparticle-cell interactions, and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Kotnala
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Galeotti F, Pisco M, Cusano A. Self-assembly on optical fibers: a powerful nanofabrication tool for next generation "lab-on-fiber" optrodes. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:22673-22700. [PMID: 30500026 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly offers a unique resource for the preparation of discrete structures at the nano- and microscale, which are either not accessible by other fabrication techniques or require highly expensive and technologically demanding processes. The possibility of obtaining spontaneous organization of separated components, whether they are molecules, polymers, nano- or micro-objects, into a larger functional unit, enables the development of ready-to-use plug and play devices and components at lower costs. Expanding the applicability of self-assembly approaches at the nanoscale to non-conventional substrates would open up new avenues towards multifunctional platforms customized for specific applications. Recently, the combination of the amazing morphological and optical features of self-assembled patterns with the intrinsic properties of optical fibers to conduct light to a remote location has demonstrated the potentiality to open up new intriguing scenarios featuring unprecedented functionalities and performances. The integration of advanced materials and structures at the nanoscale with optical fiber substrates is the idea behind the so-called lab-on-fiber technology, which is an emerging technology at the forefront of nanophotonics and nanotechnology research. Self-assembly processes can have a key role in implementing cost-effective solutions suitable for the mass production of technologically advanced platforms based on optical fibers towards their real market exploitation. Novel lab-on-fiber optrodes would arise from the sustainable integration of functional materials at the nano- and microscale onto optical fiber substrates. Such devices are able to be easily integrated in hypodermic needles and catheters for in vivo theranostics and point-of-care diagnostics, opening up new frontiers in multidisciplinary technological development to be exploited in life science applications. This work is conceived to provide an overview of the latest strategies, based on self-assembly processes, which have been implemented for the realization of lab-on-fiber optrodes with particular emphasis on the perspectives and challenges that lie ahead. We discuss the main fabrication techniques and strategies aimed at developing new multifunctional optical fiber nanoprobes and their application in real scenarios. Finally, we highlight some of the other self-assembly processes that have not yet been applied to optical fiber sensors, but have the potentiality to be exploited in the fabrication of future lab-on-fiber devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Galeotti
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISMAC-CNR), 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - M Pisco
- Divisione di Optoelettronica, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - A Cusano
- Divisione di Optoelettronica, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
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Rodrigues SM, Paiva JS, Ribeiro RSR, Soppera O, Cunha JPS, Jorge PAS. Fabrication of Multimode-Single Mode Polymer Fiber Tweezers for Single Cell Trapping and Identification with Improved Performance. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18092746. [PMID: 30134569 PMCID: PMC6163416 DOI: 10.3390/s18092746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Optical fiber tweezers have been gaining prominence in several applications in Biology and Medicine. Due to their outstanding focusing abilities, they are able to trap and manipulate microparticles, including cells, needing any physical contact and with a low degree of invasiveness to the trapped cell. Recently, we proposed a fiber tweezer configuration based on a polymeric micro-lens on the top of a single mode fiber, obtained by a self-guided photopolymerization process. This configuration is able to both trap and identify the target through the analysis of short-term portions of the back-scattered signal. In this paper, we propose a variant of this fabrication method, capable of producing more robust fiber tips, which produce stronger trapping effects on targets by as much as two to ten fold. These novel lenses maintain the capability of distinguish the different classes of trapped particles based on the back-scattered signal. This novel fabrication method consists in the introduction of a multi mode fiber section on the tip of a single mode (SM) fiber. A detailed description of how relevant fabrication parameters such as the length of the multi mode section and the photopolymerization laser power can be tuned for different purposes (e.g., microparticles trapping only, simultaneous trapping and sensing) is also provided, based on both experimental and theoretical evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Rodrigues
- INESC TEC-INESC Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana S Paiva
- INESC TEC-INESC Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | | | - Olivier Soppera
- Institute of Material Science of Mulhouse, 68057 Mulhouse, France.
| | - João P S Cunha
- INESC TEC-INESC Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Pedro A S Jorge
- INESC TEC-INESC Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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Anastasiadi G, Leonard M, Paterson L, Macpherson WN. Fabrication and characterization of machined multi-core fiber tweezers for single cell manipulation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:3557-3567. [PMID: 29401883 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.003557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Optical tweezing is a non-invasive technique that can enable a variety of single cell experiments; however, it tends to be based on a high numerical aperture (NA) microscope objective to both deliver the tweezing laser light and image the sample. This introduces restrictions in system flexibility when both trapping and imaging. Here, we demonstrate a novel, high NA tweezing system based on micro-machined multicore optical fibers. Using the machined, multicore fiber tweezer, cells are optically manipulated under a variety of microscopes, without requiring a high NA objective lens. The maximum NA of the fiber-based tweezer demonstrated is 1.039. A stable trap with a maximum total power 30 mW has been characterized to exert a maximum optical force of 26.4 pN, on a trapped, 7 μm diameter yeast cell. Single cells are held 15-35 μm from the fiber end and can be manipulated in the x, y and z directions throughout the sample. In this way, single cells are controllably trapped under a Raman microscope to categorize the yeast cells as live or dead, demonstrating trapping by the machined multicore fiber-based tweezer decoupled from the imaging or excitation objective lens.
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