1
|
Biswas P, Zhang C, Chen Y, Liu Z, Vaziri S, Zhou W, Sun Y. A Portable Micro-Gas Chromatography with Integrated Photonic Crystal Slab Sensors on Chip. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11090326. [PMID: 34562916 PMCID: PMC8468690 DOI: 10.3390/bios11090326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The miniaturization of gas chromatography (GC) systems has made it possible to utilize the analytical technique in various on-site applications to rapidly analyze complex gas samples. Various types of miniaturized sensors have been developed for micro-gas chromatography (µGC). However, the integration of an appropriate detector in µGC systems still faces a significant challenge. We present a solution to the problem through integration of µGC with photonic crystal slab (PCS) sensors using transfer printing technology. This integration offers an opportunity to utilize the advantages of optical sensors, such as high sensitivity and rapid response time, and at the same time, compensate for the lack of detection specificity from which label-free optical sensors suffer. We transfer printed a 2D defect free PCS on a borofloat glass, bonded it to a silicon microfluidic gas cell or directly to a microfabricated GC column, and then coated it with a gas responsive polymer. Realtime spectral shift in Fano resonance of the PCS sensor was used to quantitatively detect analytes over a mass range of three orders. The integrated µGC–PCS system was used to demonstrate separation and detection of a complex mixture of 10 chemicals. Fast separation and detection (4 min) and a low detection limit (ng) was demonstrated.
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang G, Mei Y. Assembly and Self-Assembly of Nanomembrane Materials-From 2D to 3D. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1703665. [PMID: 29292590 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscience and nanotechnology offer great opportunities and challenges in both fundamental research and practical applications, which require precise control of building blocks with micro/nanoscale resolution in both individual and mass-production ways. The recent and intensive nanotechnology development gives birth to a new focus on nanomembrane materials, which are defined as structures with thickness limited to about one to several hundred nanometers and with much larger (typically at least two orders of magnitude larger, or even macroscopic scale) lateral dimensions. Nanomembranes can be readily processed in an accurate manner and integrated into functional devices and systems. In this Review, a nanotechnology perspective of nanomembranes is provided, with examples of science and applications in semiconductor, metal, insulator, polymer, and composite materials. Assisted assembly of nanomembranes leads to wrinkled/buckled geometries for flexible electronics and stacked structures for applications in photonics and thermoelectrics. Inspired by kirigami/origami, self-assembled 3D structures are constructed via strain engineering. Many advanced materials have begun to be explored in the format of nanomembranes and extend to biomimetic and 2D materials for various applications. Nanomembranes, as a new type of nanomaterials, allow nanotechnology in a controllable and precise way for practical applications and promise great potential for future nanorelated products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaoshan Huang
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Scott SA, Deneke C, Paskiewicz DM, Ryu HJ, Malachias A, Baunack S, Schmidt OG, Savage DE, Eriksson MA, Lagally MG. Silicon Nanomembranes with Hybrid Crystal Orientations and Strain States. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:42372-42382. [PMID: 29129058 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Methods to integrate different crystal orientations, strain states, and compositions of semiconductors in planar and preferably flexible configurations may enable nontraditional sensing-, stimulating-, or communication-device applications. We combine crystalline-silicon nanomembranes, patterning, membrane transfer, and epitaxial growth to demonstrate planar arrays of different orientations and strain states of Si in a single membrane, which is then readily transferable to other substrates, including flexible supports. As examples, regions of Si(001) and Si(110) or strained Si(110) are combined to form a multicomponent, single substrate with high-quality narrow interfaces. We perform extensive structural characterization of all interfaces and measure charge-carrier mobilities in different regions of a 2D quilt. The method is readily extendable to include varying compositions or different classes of materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelley A Scott
- University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Christoph Deneke
- Laboratoria Nacional de Nanotechnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais , 13083-100 Campinas, Brazil
- IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstrasse 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
- Instituto de Física "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) , 13083-859 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Hyuk Ju Ryu
- University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Angelo Malachias
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , CP 702, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Stefan Baunack
- IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstrasse 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Donald E Savage
- University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Mark A Eriksson
- University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Max G Lagally
- University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou J, Zhou T, Li J, He K, Qiu Z, Qiu B, Zhang Z. Proposal and numerical study of a flexible visible photonic crystal defect cavity for nanoscale strain sensors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:23645-23653. [PMID: 29041315 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.023645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A flexible photonic crystal cavity, consisting of a III-V active layer embedded in a flexible medium, with a line-defect by removing three air holes for nanoscale structural deformation detection is proposed and optimized. The cavity can hold the photonic band-gap modes with the fundamental mode located at approximately 686 nm, overlapping with the photoluminescence spectrum of the InGaP/InGaAlP quantum wells. Results of finite-difference time-domain simulations indicate that the L3 cavity features an ultra-compact mode volume of 10-3 µm3 and high quality factor of 104 at a sub-micron footprint within the studied visible wavelength. Theoretical optical strain sensitivities of approximately 4.5 and 3 nm per ε (1% strain for both) for the x and y directions are predicted, respectively. When the cavity is under large bending curvatures, the Q factor rapidly decreases from 8000 to 2000.
Collapse
|
5
|
|