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Kimera F, Mugwanya M, Ahmed W, Dawood MAO, Sewilam H. Optimizing growth and yield of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) in a biosaline integrated aquaculture-agriculture systems. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17494. [PMID: 39080420 PMCID: PMC11289091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67414-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity and freshwater scarcity are among the major global threats to sustainable development owing to their adverse impacts on agricultural productivity especially in arid and semi-arid regions. There is a need to find sustainable alternatives such as salt-tolerant crops and fish to improve people's livelihoods in marginal areas. This study aimed to maximize the growth and yield of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) cultivated under a biosaline integrated aquaculture-agriculture system. The study was laid in a randomized completely block design of three saline effluent treatments under three replicates: 5000 ppm (T1), 10,000 ppm (T2), 15,000 ppm (T3), and control (T0). Agro-morphological and physiological attributes of quinoa were measured. The crop yield in biomass and mineral element composition was also studied. Additionally, fish growth performance parameters such as feed intake and efficiency, growth, and survival rate were also calculated. Our results indicated that irrigating quinoa with saline aquaculture effluents above 10,000 ppm enhanced the plant growth, yield, and nutrient content of seeds. Furthermore, rearing striped catfish in saline water reaching up to 15,000 ppm did not have adverse impacts on the growth and survival of fish. Overall, integrating catfish and quinoa production under a salinity regime of 10,000 ppm could be a potential solution to ensuring alternative food sources in marginal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Kimera
- Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability (CARES), School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Muziri Mugwanya
- Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability (CARES), School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Walaa Ahmed
- Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability (CARES), School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability (CARES), School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Hani Sewilam
- Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability (CARES), School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
- Department of Engineering Hydrology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Hussin SA, Ali SH, Lotfy ME, El-Samad EHA, Eid MA, Abd-Elkader AM, Eisa SS. Morpho-physiological mechanisms of two different quinoa ecotypes to resist salt stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:374. [PMID: 37518180 PMCID: PMC10388498 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a facultative halophyte showing various mechanisms of salt resistance among different ecotype cultivars. This study aimed to determine salt resistance limits for a Peruvian sea level ecotype "Hualhuas" and a Bolivian salar ecotype "Real" and elucidate individual mechanisms conferring differences in salt resistance between these cultivars. The plants were grown in sandy soil and irrigated with various saline solutions concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mM NaCl) under controlled conditions. RESULTS High salinity treatment (500 mM NaCl) reduced the plant growth by 80% and 87% in Hualhuas and Real cultivars, respectively. EC50 (water salinity which reduces the maximum yield by 50%) was at a salinity of 300 mM NaCl for Hualhuas and between 100 and 200 mM NaCl for Real plants. Both cultivars were able to lower the osmotic potential of all organs due to substantial Na+ accumulation. However, Hualhuas plants exhibited distinctly lower Na+ contents and consequently a higher K+/Na+ ratio compared to Real plants, suggesting a more efficient control mechanism for Na+ loading and better K+ retention in Hualhuas plants. Net CO2 assimilation rates (Anet) were reduced, being only 22.4% and 36.2% of the control values in Hualhuas and Real, respectively, at the highest salt concentration. At this salinity level, Hualhuas plants showed lower stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rates (E), but higher photosynthetic water use efficiency (PWUE), indicative of an efficient control mechanism over the whole gas-exchange machinery. CONCLUSION These results reveal that Hualhuas is a promising candidate in terms of salt resistance and biomass production compared to Real.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed A Hussin
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shubra 11241, P.O. Box 68, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Safwat Hassan Ali
- Agricultural Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shubra 11241, P.O. Box 68, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad E Lotfy
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shubra 11241, P.O. Box 68, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad H Abd El-Samad
- Vegetable Research Department, Agricultural & Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Eid
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shubra 11241, P.O. Box 68, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali M Abd-Elkader
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shubra 11241, P.O. Box 68, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sayed Said Eisa
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shubra 11241, P.O. Box 68, Cairo, Egypt.
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Pulvento C, Bazile D. Worldwide Evaluations of Quinoa-Biodiversity and Food Security under Climate Change Pressures: Advances and Perspectives. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:868. [PMID: 36840215 PMCID: PMC9959060 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Cataldo Pulvento
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA) University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Didier Bazile
- CIRAD, UMR SENS, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- SENS, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
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Maamri K, Zidane OD, Chaabena A, Fiene G, Bazile D. Adaptation of Some Quinoa Genotypes ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), Grown in a Saharan Climate in Algeria. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111854. [PMID: 36430991 PMCID: PMC9692953 DOI: 10.3390/life12111854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Agriculture in southern Algeria faces several challenges that hinder its development, including drought, high temperatures and the excessive salinity of soil and groundwater. The introduction of crops resistant to these factors is one of the solutions chosen to address these abiotic constraints. This research aimed to evaluate the behavior of quinoa (Chenopodium Quinoa Willd.) grown in the Ouargla region of southeastern Algeria. Five varieties of quinoa (Santa maria, Giza1, Amarilla Sacaca, Blanca de Junin and Kancolla) were tested at two sites that differed in terms of soil salinity (9.95 mS/cm and 0.85 mS/cm) during 2019 and 2020. A complete random block experimental design with four repetitions was used for the agronomic tests. Our results clearly show that higher grain yields were obtained at the high salinity site (site 1) compared to the low salinity site (site 2). However, plant height, grain yield per plant and harvest index differed between varieties and sites. In contrast, stem diameter was not greatly affected by salinity. The varieties that seem to be best adapted to the growing conditions of the Ouargla region are, in descending order: Santa Maria, Giza1, Amarilla Sacaca and Blanca de Junin. When testing quinoa in new environments, it is critical to adapt the cropping cycle of varieties to avoid very high temperatures. The choice to switch to winter cultivation instead of spring cultivation can be an essential criterion for success. The biogeographical approach conducted in this research opens up new perspectives for the adaptation and cultivation of quinoa outside its region of origin to satisfy the food security of the people of North Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelthoum Maamri
- Research Laboratory on Phoeniciculture, Faculty Science of Nature and Life, Kasdi Merbah Ouargla University, Ouargla 30000, Algeria
- Saharan Bio-Resources Laboratory, Safeguarding and Valorization, Kasdi Merbah Ouargla University, Ouargla 30000, Algeria
| | - Ouiza Djerroudi Zidane
- Saharan Bio-Resources Laboratory, Safeguarding and Valorization, Kasdi Merbah Ouargla University, Ouargla 30000, Algeria
| | - Ahmed Chaabena
- Saharan Bio-Resources Laboratory, Safeguarding and Valorization, Kasdi Merbah Ouargla University, Ouargla 30000, Algeria
| | - Gabriele Fiene
- CIRAD, UMR SENS, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- SENS, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Didier Bazile
- CIRAD, UMR SENS, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- SENS, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence:
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El Hazzam K, Mhada M, Metougui ML, El Kacimi K, Sobeh M, Taourirte M, Yasri A. Box–Behnken Design: Wet Process Optimization for Saponins Removal From Chenopodium quinoa Seeds and the Study of Its Effect on Nutritional Properties. Front Nutr 2022; 9:906592. [PMID: 35845775 PMCID: PMC9283996 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.906592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The pseudocereal grain, Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), has a great nutritional value due to its high contents of proteins, fiber, minerals, and vitamins. However, saponins naturally present outside the grains represent an obstacle to their consumption as human food. Before consumption, the grains are subjected to various treatments, which alter their nutritional value. In an attempt to eliminate the maximum of saponins using the wet process, while minimizing the washing conditions and preserving the nutritional quality, we explored the effects of several parameters, including volume of water, treatment time, soaking time, number of washing, and water temperature, followed by an optimization process using Box–Behnken Design, and finally, the impact of this process on the physicochemical and techno-functional properties of six quinoa genotypes seeds was evaluated. As a result, the variation of the treatment time, volume, and temperature of the water positively affected the saponins leaching. According to the quadratic model, the maximum percentages of eliminated saponins (96.53%−96.77%) were found at a temperature of 50°C, treatment times from 60 to 69 min, and water volumes from 6.99 to 7.50 mL per gram of seeds. The optimized method did not affect the proteins and microelements content (Zn, Mn, B, Mo), while a slight decrease of macro-elements (K, P, Ca, S, Mg) was noted in the level of some genotypes. On the other hand, a significant improvement of the techno-functional properties such as water and oil holding capacity was noted, with a sharp drop-in emulsifying activity in all genotypes without affecting the standard values of pH (6.4–6.8) and moisture content (10%−11%) of the seeds. Hence, the optimized method showed to be a more potential method for saponins removal than the currently used dry method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija El Hazzam
- Biodiversity and Plant Sciences Program (BPS), AgroBioSciences Department (AgBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
- Laboratory of Research in Sustainable Development and Health, Chemical Sciences Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cadi Ayad University (UCA), Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Manal Mhada
- Biodiversity and Plant Sciences Program (BPS), AgroBioSciences Department (AgBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
- *Correspondence: Manal Mhada
| | - Mohamed Louay Metougui
- Agricultural Innovation and Technology Transfer Center (AITTC), AgroBioSciences Department (AgBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Kamal El Kacimi
- Industrial Executive Operations Division, Gantour Industrial Site, Act 4 Community Gantour, OCP, Youssoufia, Morocco
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- Biodiversity and Plant Sciences Program (BPS), AgroBioSciences Department (AgBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Moha Taourirte
- Laboratory of Research in Sustainable Development and Health, Chemical Sciences Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cadi Ayad University (UCA), Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Yasri
- Biodiversity and Plant Sciences Program (BPS), AgroBioSciences Department (AgBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
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Trends and Limits for Quinoa Production and Promotion in Pakistan. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121603. [PMID: 35736754 PMCID: PMC9227182 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Quinoa is known as a super food due to its extraordinary nutritional qualities and has the potential to ensure future global food and nutritional security. As a model plant with halophytic behavior, quinoa has potential to meet the challenges of climate change and salinization due to its capabilities for survival in harsh climatic conditions. The quinoa crop has received worldwide attention due to its adoption and production expanded in countries out of the native Andean region. Quinoa was introduced to Pakistan in 2009 and it is still a new crop in Pakistan. The first quinoa variety was registered in 2019, then afterward, its cultivation started on a larger scale. Weed pressure, terminal heat stress, stem lodging, bold grain size, and an unstructured market are the major challenges in the production and promotion of the crop. The potential of superior features of quinoa has not been fully explored and utilized. Hence, there is a need to acquire more diverse quinoa germplasm and to establish a strong breeding program to develop new lines with higher productivity and improved crop features for the Pakistan market. Mechanized production, processing practices, and a structured market are needed for further scaling of quinoa production in Pakistan. To achieve these objectives, there is a dire need to create an enabling environment for quinoa production and promotion through the involvement of policymakers, research institutions, farmers associations, and the private sector.
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Tovar JC, Berry JC, Quillatupa C, Castillo SE, Acosta‐Gamboa L, Fahlgren N, Gehan MA. Heat stress changes mineral nutrient concentrations in Chenopodium quinoa seed. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e384. [PMID: 35146239 PMCID: PMC8818816 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa is a popular seed crop, often consumed for its high nutritional quality. We studied how heat stress in the roots or the shoots of quinoa plants affected the concentrations of 20 elements (aluminum, arsenic, boron, calcium, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, sodium, nickel, phosphorous, rubidium, sulfur, selenium, strontium, and zinc) in quinoa seed. Elemental concentrations in quinoa seed were significantly changed after an 11-day heat treatment during anthesis. The type of panicle (main, secondary, and tertiary) sampled and the type of heat treatment (root only, shoot only, or whole plants) significantly affected elemental profiles in quinoa seed. Plants were also divided into five sections from top to bottom to assess the effect of panicle position on seed elemental profiles. Plant section had an effect on the concentrations of arsenic, iron, and sodium under control conditions and on copper with heat treatment. Overall, the time of panicle development in relation to the time of heat exposure had the largest effect on seed elemental concentrations. Interestingly, the quinoa plants were exposed to heat only during anthesis of the main panicle, but the elemental concentrations of seeds produced after heat treatment ended were still significantly changed, indicating that heat stress has long-lasting effects on quinoa plants. These findings demonstrate how the nutritional quality of quinoa seeds can be changed significantly even by relatively short heat spells.
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Abd El-Moneim D, ELsarag EIS, Aloufi S, El-Azraq AM, ALshamrani SM, Safhi FAA, Ibrahim AA. Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.): Genetic Diversity According to ISSR and SCoT Markers, Relative Gene Expression, and Morpho-Physiological Variation under Salinity Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122802. [PMID: 34961273 PMCID: PMC8707205 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a halophytic crop that can withstand a variety of abiotic stresses, including salt. The present research examined the mechanisms of salt tolerance in five different quinoa genotypes at four different salinity levels (control (60), 80, 120, and 160 mM NaCl). ISSR and SCoT analysis revealed high polymorphism percentages of 90.91% and 85.26%, respectively. Furthermore, ISSR 1 and SCoT 7 attained the greatest number of polymorphic amplicons (27 and 26), respectively. Notably, LINE-6 and M-28 genotypes demonstrated the greatest number of unique positive and negative amplicons (50 and 42) generated from ISSR and SCoT, respectively. Protein pattern analysis detected 11 bands with a polymorphism percentage 27.27% among the quinoa genotypes, with three unique bands distinguishable for the M-28 genotype. Similarity correlation indicated that the highest similarity was between S-10 and Regeolone-3 (0.657), while the lowest similarity was between M-28 and LINE-6 (0.44). Significant variations existed among the studied salinity treatments, genotypes, and the interactions between them. The highest and lowest values for all the studied morpho-physiological and biochemical traits were recorded at 60 and 160 mM NaCl concentrations, respectively, except for the Na and proline contents, which exhibited the opposite relationship. The M-28 genotype demonstrated the highest values for all studied characteristics, while the LINE-6 genotype represented the lowest in both seasons. On the other hand, mRNA transcript levels for CqSOS1 did not exhibit differential expression in roots and leaf tissues, while the expression of CqNHX1 was upregulated more in both tissues for the M-28 genotype than for the LINE-6 genotype, and its maximum induction was seen in the leaves. Overall, the genotypes M-28 and LINE-6 were identified as the most and least salinity-tolerant, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diaa Abd El-Moneim
- Department of Plant Production (Genetic Branch), Faculty of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish 45511, Egypt
| | - Eman I. S. ELsarag
- Department of Plant Production (Agronomy Branch), Faculty of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish 45511, Egypt; (E.I.S.E.); (A.M.E.-A.)
| | - Salman Aloufi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Asmaa M. El-Azraq
- Department of Plant Production (Agronomy Branch), Faculty of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish 45511, Egypt; (E.I.S.E.); (A.M.E.-A.)
| | - Salha Mesfer ALshamrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fatmah Ahmed Ahmed Safhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amira A. Ibrahim
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
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