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Ezzine H, Metougui ML, Boukcim H, Abbas Y. Physiological responses of three field-grown species (Ceratonia siliqua, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Moringa oleifera) to water deficits in a Mediterranean semi-arid climate. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4536. [PMID: 36941350 PMCID: PMC10027864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Reforestation of degraded drylands calls for the selection of species with the capacity to withstand water scarcity. In this current study we have assessed, the physiological responses of three field-grown species (Ceratonia siliqua, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Moringa oleifera) to water deficits in semi-arid regions in order to suggest a potential species for rehabilitation programs. The physiological behavior of the given species was studied in three irrigation schemes: subsurface drip irrigation (applied weekly), tank irrigation (applied monthly), and unirrigated plants. In a stressed state, an assessment of relative water content (RWC), water potential (pre-dawn water potential PWP and midday water potential MWP) and stomatal conductance revealed three contrasting physiological responses. First, C. siliqua stomata remained open with a high RWC at low water potentials. Consequently, this species tolerated water deficits by decreasing its leaf water potential, primarily associated with osmotic adjustment. On the other hand, E. camaldulensis was found to be a drought-avoider species, mutated to a water-saving strategy by complete stomatal closure. Finally, for the extreme case, M. oleifera showed leaf shedding under water deficit conditions. These different physiological responses allowed these species to survive water deficits, and consequently, could be considered suitable candidates for rehabilitating degraded semi-arid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasna Ezzine
- Polyvalent Team in Research and Development, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
- AgroBioSciences Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Louay Metougui
- AgroBioSciences Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Hassan Boukcim
- AgroBioSciences Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Younes Abbas
- Polyvalent Team in Research and Development, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco.
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Farida Traoré F, El-Baouchi A, En-nahli Y, Hejjaoui K, Metougui ML, Hamwieh A, Sohail Q, Istanbuli T, Boughribil S, Amri M. Exploring the Genetic Variability and Potential Correlations Between Nutritional Quality and Agro-Physiological Traits in Kabuli Chickpea Germplasm Collection ( Cicer arietinum L.). Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:905320. [PMID: 35845662 PMCID: PMC9284273 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.905320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chickpea is an important source of plant-based protein and mineral elements such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). The development of superior high-yielding germplasm with high nutritional value becomes central for any breeding program. Chickpea biofortified and nutrient-dense seeds can contribute to mitigate many human health problems associated with protein and micronutrients deficiency. In this study, 282 advanced chickpea lines were grown under field conditions to evaluate their agronomic performances and nutritional quality value. The trial was conducted under winter planting conditions during the cropping season 2017/2018 at ICARDA-Marchouch research station, Morocco. Results revealed high genetic variation and significant differences between the tested genotypes for all studied parameters. Under field conditions, the grain yield (GY) varied from 0.57 to 1.81 (t.ha-1), and 100-seed weight (HSW) ranged from 23.1 to 50.9 g. Out of the 282 genotypes, only 4 genotypes (i.e., S130109, S130058, S130066, and S130157) combined both good agronomic performances (GY, HSW) and high nutritional quality (protein, macronutrients, and micronutrients). Protein content ranged from 18.9 to 32.4%. For the whole collection, Fe content varied from 31.2 to 81 ppm, while Zn content ranged from 32.1 to 86.1 ppm. Correlation analysis indicated that the studied traits were significantly intercorrelated, with negative correlation between protein content and Zn concentration. Positive correlations were observed between grain filling time (F2M) and the micronutrients Zn, Cu, and Mn and macroelements K and Mg. Low positive correlation was also recorded between Pr and Fe concentrations. No significant correlation was observed between Fe and Zn. Positive correlations observed between main agronomic and nutritional quality traits makes easy any simultaneous enhancement when combining these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatoumata Farida Traoré
- Virology, Oncology, Biosciences, Environment and New Energies Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology of Mohammedia, Hassan II University Mohammedia, Mohammedia, Morocco
- Biodiversity and Plant Science Program, Department of AgroBioSciences, African Integrated Plant and Soil Research Group (AiPlaS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Adil El-Baouchi
- Biodiversity and Plant Science Program, Department of AgroBioSciences, African Integrated Plant and Soil Research Group (AiPlaS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Youness En-nahli
- Biodiversity and Plant Science Program, Department of AgroBioSciences, African Integrated Plant and Soil Research Group (AiPlaS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
- LPCMIO, Materials Science Center, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Kamal Hejjaoui
- Biodiversity and Plant Science Program, Department of AgroBioSciences, African Integrated Plant and Soil Research Group (AiPlaS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Louay Metougui
- Biodiversity and Plant Science Program, Department of AgroBioSciences, African Integrated Plant and Soil Research Group (AiPlaS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Aladdin Hamwieh
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Quahir Sohail
- Biodiversity and Plant Science Program, Department of AgroBioSciences, African Integrated Plant and Soil Research Group (AiPlaS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Tawffiq Istanbuli
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Said Boughribil
- Virology, Oncology, Biosciences, Environment and New Energies Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology of Mohammedia, Hassan II University Mohammedia, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Moez Amri
- Biodiversity and Plant Science Program, Department of AgroBioSciences, African Integrated Plant and Soil Research Group (AiPlaS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
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El Hazzam K, Mhada M, Metougui ML, El Kacimi K, Sobeh M, Taourirte M, Yasri A. Box–Behnken Design: Wet Process Optimization for Saponins Removal From Chenopodium quinoa Seeds and the Study of Its Effect on Nutritional Properties. Front Nutr 2022; 9:906592. [PMID: 35845775 PMCID: PMC9283996 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.906592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The pseudocereal grain, Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), has a great nutritional value due to its high contents of proteins, fiber, minerals, and vitamins. However, saponins naturally present outside the grains represent an obstacle to their consumption as human food. Before consumption, the grains are subjected to various treatments, which alter their nutritional value. In an attempt to eliminate the maximum of saponins using the wet process, while minimizing the washing conditions and preserving the nutritional quality, we explored the effects of several parameters, including volume of water, treatment time, soaking time, number of washing, and water temperature, followed by an optimization process using Box–Behnken Design, and finally, the impact of this process on the physicochemical and techno-functional properties of six quinoa genotypes seeds was evaluated. As a result, the variation of the treatment time, volume, and temperature of the water positively affected the saponins leaching. According to the quadratic model, the maximum percentages of eliminated saponins (96.53%−96.77%) were found at a temperature of 50°C, treatment times from 60 to 69 min, and water volumes from 6.99 to 7.50 mL per gram of seeds. The optimized method did not affect the proteins and microelements content (Zn, Mn, B, Mo), while a slight decrease of macro-elements (K, P, Ca, S, Mg) was noted in the level of some genotypes. On the other hand, a significant improvement of the techno-functional properties such as water and oil holding capacity was noted, with a sharp drop-in emulsifying activity in all genotypes without affecting the standard values of pH (6.4–6.8) and moisture content (10%−11%) of the seeds. Hence, the optimized method showed to be a more potential method for saponins removal than the currently used dry method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija El Hazzam
- Biodiversity and Plant Sciences Program (BPS), AgroBioSciences Department (AgBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
- Laboratory of Research in Sustainable Development and Health, Chemical Sciences Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cadi Ayad University (UCA), Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Manal Mhada
- Biodiversity and Plant Sciences Program (BPS), AgroBioSciences Department (AgBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
- *Correspondence: Manal Mhada
| | - Mohamed Louay Metougui
- Agricultural Innovation and Technology Transfer Center (AITTC), AgroBioSciences Department (AgBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Kamal El Kacimi
- Industrial Executive Operations Division, Gantour Industrial Site, Act 4 Community Gantour, OCP, Youssoufia, Morocco
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- Biodiversity and Plant Sciences Program (BPS), AgroBioSciences Department (AgBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Moha Taourirte
- Laboratory of Research in Sustainable Development and Health, Chemical Sciences Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cadi Ayad University (UCA), Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Yasri
- Biodiversity and Plant Sciences Program (BPS), AgroBioSciences Department (AgBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
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Mhada M, Metougui ML, El Hazzam K, El Kacimi K, Yasri A. Variations of Saponins, Minerals and Total Phenolic Compounds Due to Processing and Cooking of Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Seeds. Foods 2020; 9:foods9050660. [PMID: 32443894 PMCID: PMC7278802 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a grain of great nutritional interest that gained international importance during the last decade. Before its consumption, this grain goes through many processes that can alter its nutritional value. Here we report the effect of processing (polishing and milling) and cooking (boiling and steaming) on the saponin content, mineral profile of 14 elements using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), protein content, and total phenolic compound. The polishing caused an average drop in the saponin content from 1.7% to 0.46% but induced important losses in mineral content (K, Mg, Ca, Zn, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Ni), and phenolic compounds. However, the greatest nutritional degradation happened after milling due to the elimination of seed teguments and embryos, where over 50% of many minerals, 60% of protein content, and almost the totality of phenolic compounds, were lost. Cooking effect was less important than processing, but some significant losses were attested. Boiling caused a loss of up to 40% for some minerals like K, B, and Mo because of their hydrosolubility, and 88% of the polyphenols, while steaming allowed a better retention of those nutrients. Consuming polished quinoa instead of semolina and using steaming instead of boiling are trade-offs consumer needs to make to get optimal benefits from quinoa virtues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Mhada
- Laboratory of Natural Resources Valorization, AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir 43150, Morocco; (M.L.M.); (K.E.H.); (A.Y.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohamed Louay Metougui
- Laboratory of Natural Resources Valorization, AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir 43150, Morocco; (M.L.M.); (K.E.H.); (A.Y.)
| | - Khadija El Hazzam
- Laboratory of Natural Resources Valorization, AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir 43150, Morocco; (M.L.M.); (K.E.H.); (A.Y.)
- Laboratory of Bio-organic and Macromolecular chemistry, Department Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Kamal El Kacimi
- Industrial Executive Operations Division, Gantour Industrial Site, Act 4 Community Gantour, OCP, Youssoufia 46303, Morocco;
| | - Abdelaziz Yasri
- Laboratory of Natural Resources Valorization, AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir 43150, Morocco; (M.L.M.); (K.E.H.); (A.Y.)
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