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El Housni Z, Ezrari S, Radouane N, Tahiri A, Ouijja A, Errafii K, Hijri M. Evaluating Rhizobacterial Antagonists for Controlling Cercospora beticola and Promoting Growth in Beta vulgaris. Microorganisms 2024; 12:668. [PMID: 38674613 PMCID: PMC11052011 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cercospora beticola Sacc. is an ascomycete pathogen that causes Cercospora leaf spot in sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L.) and other related crops. It can lead to significant yield losses if not effectively managed. This study aimed to assess rhizosphere bacteria from sugar beet soil as a biological control agent against C. beticola and evaluate their effect on B. vulgaris. Following a dual-culture screening, 18 bacteria exhibiting over 50% inhibition were selected, with 6 of them demonstrating more than 80% control. The bacteria were identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene, revealing 12 potential species belonging to 6 genera, including Bacillus, which was represented by 4 species. Additionally, the biochemical and molecular properties of the bacteria were characterized in depth, as well as plant growth promotion. PCR analysis of the genes responsible for producing antifungal metabolites revealed that 83%, 78%, 89%, and 56% of the selected bacteria possessed bacillomycin-, iturin-, fengycin-, and surfactin-encoding genes, respectively. Infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of a lipopeptide structure in the bacterial supernatant filtrate. Subsequently, the bacteria were assessed for their effect on sugar beet plants in controlled conditions. The bacteria exhibited notable capabilities, promoting growth in both roots and shoots, resulting in significant increases in root length and weight and shoot length. A field experiment with four bacterial candidates demonstrated good performance against C. beticola compared to the difenoconazole fungicide. These bacteria played a significant role in disease control, achieving a maximum efficacy of 77.42%, slightly below the 88.51% efficacy attained with difenoconazole. Additional field trials are necessary to verify the protective and growth-promoting effects of these candidates, whether applied individually, combined in consortia, or integrated with chemical inputs in sugar beet crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakariae El Housni
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Moulay Ismail University, Zitoune, Meknès 50050, Morocco; (Z.E.H.); (A.O.)
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, BPS 40, Meknès 50001, Morocco;
| | - Said Ezrari
- Microbiology Unit, Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Oujda, University Mohammed Premier, P.O. Box 724 Hay Al Quods, Oujda 60000, Morocco;
| | - Nabil Radouane
- African Genome Center, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco; (N.R.); (K.E.)
| | - Abdessalem Tahiri
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, BPS 40, Meknès 50001, Morocco;
| | - Abderrahman Ouijja
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Moulay Ismail University, Zitoune, Meknès 50050, Morocco; (Z.E.H.); (A.O.)
| | - Khaoula Errafii
- African Genome Center, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco; (N.R.); (K.E.)
| | - Mohamed Hijri
- African Genome Center, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco; (N.R.); (K.E.)
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (IRBV), Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
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Guaschino M, Garello M, Nari L, Zhimo YV, Droby S, Spadaro D. Soil, rhizosphere, and root microbiome in kiwifruit vine decline, an emerging multifactorial disease. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1330865. [PMID: 38577679 PMCID: PMC10991698 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1330865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Kiwifruit vine decline syndrome (KVDS) is characterized by severe root system impairment, which leads to irreversible wilting of the canopy. Plants usually collapse rapidly from the appearance of the first aboveground symptoms, without recovery even in the following seasons. The syndrome has been negatively impacting kiwifruit yield in different areas of Italy, the main producing European country, since its first outbreak in 2012. To date, a unique, common causal factor has yet to be found, and the syndrome is referred to as multifactorial. In this article, we investigated the whole biotic community (fungi, bacteria, and oomycetes) associated with the development of KVDS in three different belowground matrices/compartments (soil, rhizosphere, and root). Sampling was performed at both healthy and affected sites located in the main kiwifruit-producing area of Northwestern Italy. To address the multifactorial nature of the syndrome and to investigate the potential roles of abiotic factors in shaping these communities, a physicochemical analysis of soils was also performed. This study investigates the associations among taxonomic groups composing the microbiome and also between biotic and abiotic factors. Dysbiosis was considered as a driving event in shaping KVDS microbial communities. The results obtained from this study highlight the role of the oomycete genus Phytopythium, which resulted predominantly in the oomycete community composition of diseased matrices, though it was also present in healthy ones. Both bacterial and fungal communities resulted in a high richness of genera and were highly correlated to the sampling site and matrix, underlining the importance of multiple location sampling both geographically and spatially. The rhizosphere community associated with KVDS was driven by a dysbiotic process. In addition, analysis of the association network in the diseased rhizosphere revealed the presence of potential cross-kingdom competition for plant-derived carbon between saprobes, oomycetes, and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micol Guaschino
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DiSAFA), University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Innovation in Agro-environmental Sector – AGROINNOVA, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Marco Garello
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DiSAFA), University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Innovation in Agro-environmental Sector – AGROINNOVA, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | - Yeka V. Zhimo
- Department of Postharvest Science, ARO, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Samir Droby
- Department of Postharvest Science, ARO, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Davide Spadaro
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DiSAFA), University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Innovation in Agro-environmental Sector – AGROINNOVA, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
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Ayaz M, Li CH, Ali Q, Zhao W, Chi YK, Shafiq M, Ali F, Yu XY, Yu Q, Zhao JT, Yu JW, Qi RD, Huang WK. Bacterial and Fungal Biocontrol Agents for Plant Disease Protection: Journey from Lab to Field, Current Status, Challenges, and Global Perspectives. Molecules 2023; 28:6735. [PMID: 37764510 PMCID: PMC10537577 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are constantly exposed to various phytopathogens such as fungi, Oomycetes, nematodes, bacteria, and viruses. These pathogens can significantly reduce the productivity of important crops worldwide, with annual crop yield losses ranging from 20% to 40% caused by various pathogenic diseases. While the use of chemical pesticides has been effective at controlling multiple diseases in major crops, excessive use of synthetic chemicals has detrimental effects on the environment and human health, which discourages pesticide application in the agriculture sector. As a result, researchers worldwide have shifted their focus towards alternative eco-friendly strategies to prevent plant diseases. Biocontrol of phytopathogens is a less toxic and safer method that reduces the severity of various crop diseases. A variety of biological control agents (BCAs) are available for use, but further research is needed to identify potential microbes and their natural products with a broad-spectrum antagonistic activity to control crop diseases. This review aims to highlight the importance of biocontrol strategies for managing crop diseases. Furthermore, the role of beneficial microbes in controlling plant diseases and the current status of their biocontrol mechanisms will be summarized. The review will also cover the challenges and the need for the future development of biocontrol methods to ensure efficient crop disease management for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ayaz
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230041, China; (M.A.); (W.Z.); (Y.-K.C.)
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.-Y.Y.); (Q.Y.); (J.-T.Z.); (J.-W.Y.)
| | - Cai-Hong Li
- Cotton Sciences Research Institute of Hunan, Changde 415101, China;
| | - Qurban Ali
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Wei Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230041, China; (M.A.); (W.Z.); (Y.-K.C.)
| | - Yuan-Kai Chi
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230041, China; (M.A.); (W.Z.); (Y.-K.C.)
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Biology Department and Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China;
| | - Farman Ali
- Department of Entomology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Xi-Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.-Y.Y.); (Q.Y.); (J.-T.Z.); (J.-W.Y.)
| | - Qing Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.-Y.Y.); (Q.Y.); (J.-T.Z.); (J.-W.Y.)
| | - Jing-Tian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.-Y.Y.); (Q.Y.); (J.-T.Z.); (J.-W.Y.)
| | - Jing-Wen Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.-Y.Y.); (Q.Y.); (J.-T.Z.); (J.-W.Y.)
| | - Ren-De Qi
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230041, China; (M.A.); (W.Z.); (Y.-K.C.)
| | - Wen-Kun Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.-Y.Y.); (Q.Y.); (J.-T.Z.); (J.-W.Y.)
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Kumar A, Rithesh L, Kumar V, Raghuvanshi N, Chaudhary K, Abhineet, Pandey AK. Stenotrophomonas in diversified cropping systems: friend or foe? Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1214680. [PMID: 37601357 PMCID: PMC10437078 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1214680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current scenario, the use of synthetic fertilizers is at its peak, which is an expensive affair, possesses harmful effects to the environment, negatively affecting soil fertility and beneficial soil microfauna as well as human health. Because of this, the demand for natural, chemical-free, and organic foods is increasing day by day. Therefore, in the present circumstances use of biofertilizers for plant growth-promotion and microbe-based biopesticides against biotic stresses are alternative options to reduce the risk of both synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. The plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and microbial biocontrol agents are ecologically safe and effective. Owning their beneficial properties on plant systems without harming the ecosystem, they are catching the widespread interest of researchers, agriculturists, and industrialists. In this context, the genus Stenotrophomonas is an emerging potential source of both biofertilizer and biopesticide. This genus is particularly known for producing osmoprotective substances which play a key role in cellular functions, i.e., DNA replication, DNA-protein interactions, and cellular metabolism to regulate the osmotic balance, and also acts as effective stabilizers of enzymes. Moreover, few species of this genus are disease causing agents in humans that is why; it has become an emerging field of research in the present scenario. In the past, many studies were conducted on exploring the different applications of Stenotrophomonas in various fields, however, further researches are required to explore the various functions of Stenotrophomonas in plant growth promotion and management of pests and diseases under diverse growth conditions and to demonstrate its interaction with plant and soil systems. The present review discusses various plant growth and biocontrol attributes of the genus Stenotrophomonas in various food crops along with knowledge gaps. Additionally, the potential risks and challenges associated with the use of Stenotrophomonas in agriculture systems have also been discussed along with a call for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Plant Pathology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
- Department of Agriculture, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Lellapalli Rithesh
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kerala Agricultural University, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Vikash Kumar
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nikhil Raghuvanshi
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Science, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kautilya Chaudhary
- Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Abhineet
- Department of Agriculture, Integral Institute of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhay K. Pandey
- Department of Mycology & Microbiology, Tea Research Association, North Bengal Regional R&D Center, Nagrakata, West Bengal, India
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Yoshida K, Ueno T, Koito K, Hu D, Yamaguchi A. A Comparative Study on Fungal Diversity in Organic and Conventionally Cultivated Lemons During Accelerated Storage. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:69. [PMID: 36609598 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There has been a growing interest in organic farming as a countermeasure to the environmental burden caused by chemical pesticides. We analyzed and compared the fungal diversity of lemon fruits from organic and conventional cultivation by automated rRNA intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA), accompanied by isolation of cultured colonies and metagenomic analysis. Lemon peels were cut out and subjected to the analyses at purchase and after accelerated storage at 28 °C. The organic lemons did not decay even after 14 weeks, while most of the conventional lemons did decay. The fungal colony counts were not significantly different, although the number of fungal species together with the Shannon index, considering the abundance of each species, clearly showed more diversity in organic lemons than in conventional lemons (p = 0.011). Fusarium sp. (putative F. solani) accounted for as much as 90% of the relative abundance in the decayed conventional lemons. Metagenomic analysis also supported the lack of fungal diversity in conventional lemons. These results may suggest that organic cultivation maintains the diversity of native fungal flora in lemon fruit and could contribute to preventing decay during ambient storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniko Yoshida
- Department of Food Science and Human Wellness, Rakuno Gakuen University, Midorimachi 582, Bunkyodai, Ebetsu-Shi, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ueno
- Department of Food Science and Human Wellness, Rakuno Gakuen University, Midorimachi 582, Bunkyodai, Ebetsu-Shi, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Koito
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Rakuno Gakuen University, Midorimachi 582, Bunkyodai, Ebetsu-Shi, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan
| | - Dagula Hu
- Department of Food Science and Human Wellness, Rakuno Gakuen University, Midorimachi 582, Bunkyodai, Ebetsu-Shi, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Food Science and Human Wellness, Rakuno Gakuen University, Midorimachi 582, Bunkyodai, Ebetsu-Shi, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan.
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New Bacillus subtilis Strains Isolated from Prosopis glandulosa Rhizosphere for Suppressing Fusarium Spp. and Enhancing Growth of Gossypium hirsutum L. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:biology12010073. [PMID: 36671765 PMCID: PMC9855134 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Rhizobacteria from desert plants can alleviate biotic stress and suppress plant diseases, and consequently can enhance plant growth. Therefore, the current study was performed to isolate and identify Prosopis glandulosa-associating rhizobacteria based on their antagonistic activity against Fusarium species and plant growth-promoting properties. Three bacterial isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis: LDA-1, LDA-2, and LDA-3. The molecular analysis suggests the biosynthesis of the bacteriocins subtilisin and subtilosin, as well as the lipopeptide iturin, by these strains. In addition, the antagonistic study by dual-culture assay showed a high efficacy of all B. subtilis strains against phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium nygamai, F. equisseti, F. solani, F. solani ICADL1, and F. oxysporum ICADL2) with inhibition percentages ranging from 43.3 to 83.5% in comparison to the control. Moreover, atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis showed significant differences in the cell wall topography of the F. solani ICADL1 among the treated mycelia and untreated control. As a result, these three B. subtilis strains were used as bioinoculants for cotton seedlings infected by F. solani ICADL1 in pot trials, and the results revealed that the bacterial inoculations as an individual or combined with F. solani ICADL1 significantly improved cotton root and stem length, lateral roots, indole acetic acid (IAA), and gibberellic acid (GA3) contents, as well as increased antioxidants, flavonoids, and phenols in comparison to those obtained from healthy and infected control plants. In conclusion, the three bacterial strains of B. subtilis (i.e., LDA-1, LDA-2, and LDA-3) are considered promising tools as biocontrol agents for F. solani and cotton growth promoters, and consequently can be used as bio-ertilizer in sustainable agriculture systems.
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Bhatt K, Suyal DC, Kumar S, Singh K, Goswami P. New insights into engineered plant-microbe interactions for pesticide removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136635. [PMID: 36183882 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, rapid industrialization along with the overutilization of organic pollutants/pesticides has altered the environmental circumstances. Moreover, various anthropogenic, xenobiotics and natural activities also affected plants, soil, and human health, in both direct and indirect ways. To counter this, several conventional methods are currently practiced, but are uneconomical, noxious, and is yet inefficient for large-scale application. Plant-microbe interactions are mediated naturally in an ecosystem and are practiced in several areas. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) possess certain attributes affecting plant and soil consequently performing decontamination activity via a direct and indirect mechanism. PGPR also harbors indispensable genes stimulating the mineralization of several organic and inorganic compounds. This makes microbes potential candidates for contributing to sustainably remediating the harmful pesticide contaminants. There is a limited piece of information about the plant-microbe interaction pertaining predict and understand the overall interaction concerning a sustainable environment. Therefore, this review focuses on the plant-microbe interaction in the rhizosphere and inside the plant's tissues, along with the utilization augmenting the crop productivity, reduction in plant stress along with decontamination of pesticides/organic pollutants in soil for sustainable environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Bhatt
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Deep Chandra Suyal
- Department of Microbiology, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, 800014, Bihar, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Priya Goswami
- Department of Biotechnology, Mangalayatan University, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zhang J, Lu J, Zhu Y, Huang Q, Qin L, Zhu B. Rhizosphere microorganisms of Crocus sativus as antagonists against pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1045147. [PMID: 36483959 PMCID: PMC9722746 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1045147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several microorganisms in the plant root system, especially in the rhizosphere, have their own compositions and functions. Corm rot is the most severe disease of Crocus sativus, leading to more than 50% mortality in field production. METHODS In this study, metagenomic sequencing was used to analyze microbial composition and function in the rhizosphere of C. sativus for possible microbial antagonists against pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum. RESULTS The microbial diversity and composition were different in the C. sativus rhizosphere from different habitats. The diversity index (Simpson index) was significantly lower in the C. sativus rhizospheric soil from Chongming (Rs_CM) and degenerative C. sativus rhizospheric soil from Chongming (RsD_CM) than in others. Linear discriminant analysis effect size results showed that differences among habitats were mainly at the order (Burkholderiales, Micrococcales, and Hypocreales) and genus (Oidiodendron and Marssonina) levels. Correlation analysis of the relative lesion area of corm rot showed that Asanoa was the most negatively correlated bacterial genus (ρ = -0.7934, p< 0.001), whereas Moniliophthora was the most negatively correlated fungal genus (ρ = -0.7047, p< 0.001). The relative lesion area result showed that C. sativus from Qiaocheng had the highest resistance, followed by Xiuzhou and Jiande. C. sativus groups with high disease resistance had abundant pathogen resistance genes, such as chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase genes, from rhizosphere microorganisms. Further, 13 bacteria and 19 fungi were isolated from C. sativus rhizosphere soils, and antagonistic activity against pathogenic F. oxysporum was observed on potato dextrose agar medium. In vivo corm experiments confirmed that Trichoderma yunnanense SR38, Talaromyces sp. SR55, Burkholderia gladioli SR379, and Enterobacter sp. SR343 displayed biocontrol activity against corm rot disease, with biocontrol efficiency of 20.26%, 31.37%, 39.22%, and 14.38%, respectively. DISCUSSION This study uncovers the differences in the microbial community of rhizosphere soil of C. sativus with different corm rot disease resistance and reveals the role of four rhizospheric microorganisms in providing the host C. sativus with resistance against corm rot. The obtained biocontrol microorganisms can also be used for application research and field management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bo Zhu
- *Correspondence: Luping Qin, ; Bo Zhu,
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Sui X, Han X, Cao J, Li Y, Yuan Y, Gou J, Zheng Y, Meng C, Zhang C. Biocontrol potential of Bacillus velezensis EM-1 associated with suppressive rhizosphere soil microbes against tobacco bacterial wilt. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:940156. [PMID: 36081807 PMCID: PMC9445557 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.940156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most devastating diseases. Microbial keystone taxa were proposed as promising targets in plant disease control. In this study, we obtained an antagonistic Bacillus isolate EM-1 from bacterial wilt-suppressive soil, and it was considered rhizosphere-resident bacteria based on high (100%) 16S rRNA gene similarity to sequences derived from high-throughput amplicon sequencing. According to 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MLSA, strain EM-1 was identified as Bacillus velezensis. This strain could inhibit the growth of R. solanacearum, reduce the colonization of R. solanacearum in tobacco roots, and decrease the incidence of bacterial wilt disease. In addition, strain EM-1 also showed a strong inhibitory effect on other phytopathogens, such as Alternaria alternata and Phytophthora nicotianae, indicating a wide antagonistic spectrum. The antimicrobial ability of EM-1 can be attributed to its volatile, lipopeptide and polyketide metabolites. Iturin A (C14, C15, and C16) was the main lipopeptide, and macrolactin A and macrolactin W were the main polyketides in the fermentation broth of EM-1, while heptanone and its derivatives were dominant among the volatile organic compounds. Among them, heptanones and macrolactins, but not iturins, might be the main potential antibacterial substances. Complete genome sequencing was performed, and the biosynthetic gene clusters responsible for iturin A and macrolactin were identified. Moreover, strain EM-1 can also induce plant resistance by increasing the activity of CAT and PPO in tobacco. These results indicated that EM-1 can serve as a biocontrol Bacillus strain for tobacco bacterial wilt control. This study provides a better insight into the strategy of exploring biocontrol agent based on rhizosphere microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Sui
- Pest Integrated Management Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaobin Han
- Biological Organic Fertilizer Engineering Technology Center of China Tobacco, Zunyi Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Zunyi, China
| | - Jianmin Cao
- Pest Integrated Management Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiqiang Li
- Pest Integrated Management Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Pest Integrated Management Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianyu Gou
- Biological Organic Fertilizer Engineering Technology Center of China Tobacco, Zunyi Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Zunyi, China
| | - Yanfen Zheng
- Pest Integrated Management Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chen Meng
- Pest Integrated Management Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengsheng Zhang
- Pest Integrated Management Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Legrifi I, Al Figuigui J, El Hamss H, Lazraq A, Belabess Z, Tahiri A, Amiri S, Barka EA, Lahlali R. Potential for Biological Control of Pythium schmitthenneri Root Rot Disease of Olive Trees ( Olea europaea L.) by Antagonistic Bacteria. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081635. [PMID: 36014053 PMCID: PMC9412840 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several diseases affect the productivity of olive trees, including root rot disease caused by Pythium genera. Chemical fungicides, which are often used to manage this disease, have harmful side effects on humans as well as environmental components. Biological management is a promising control approach that has shown its great potential as an efficient eco-friendly alternative to treating root rot diseases. In the present study, the antagonistic activity of ten bacterial isolates was tested both in vitro and in planta against Pythium schmitthenneri, the causal agent of olive root rot disease. These bacterial isolates belonging to the genera Alcaligenes, Pantoea, Bacillus, Sphingobacterium, and Stenotrophomonas were chosen for their potential antimicrobial effects against many pathogens. Results of the in vitro confrontation bioassay revealed a high reduction of mycelial growth exceeding 80%. The antifungal effect of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was observed for all the isolates, with mycelial inhibition rates ranging from 28.37 to 70.32%. Likewise, the bacterial cell-free filtrates showed important inhibition of the mycelial growth of the pathogen. Overall, their efficacy was substantially affected by the nature of the bacterial strains and their modes of action. A greenhouse test was then carried out to validate the in vitro results. Interestingly, two bacterial isolates, Alcaligenes faecalis ACBC1 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SF14, were the most successful in managing the disease. Our findings suggested that these two antagonistic bacterial isolates have promising potential as biocontrol agents of olive root rot disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Legrifi
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km 10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknès 50001, Morocco
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 2202, Route d’Imouzzer, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Jamila Al Figuigui
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 2202, Route d’Imouzzer, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Hajar El Hamss
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km 10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknès 50001, Morocco
| | - Abderrahim Lazraq
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 2202, Route d’Imouzzer, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Zineb Belabess
- Plant Protection Laboratory, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Oujda, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Avenue Mohamed VI, BP428 Oujda, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Abdessalem Tahiri
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km 10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknès 50001, Morocco
| | - Said Amiri
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km 10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknès 50001, Morocco
| | - Essaid Ait Barka
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bio-Protection des Plantes-EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
- Correspondence: (E.A.B.); (R.L.); Tel.: +33-3-2691-3441 (E.A.B.); +212-55-30-02-39 (R.L.)
| | - Rachid Lahlali
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km 10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknès 50001, Morocco
- Correspondence: (E.A.B.); (R.L.); Tel.: +33-3-2691-3441 (E.A.B.); +212-55-30-02-39 (R.L.)
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Adedayo AA, Babalola OO, Prigent-Combaret C, Cruz C, Stefan M, Kutu F, Glick BR. The application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in Solanum lycopersicum production in the agricultural system: a review. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13405. [PMID: 35669957 PMCID: PMC9165593 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Food safety is a significant challenge worldwide, from plantation to cultivation, especially for perishable products such as tomatoes. New eco-friendly strategies are needed, and beneficial microorganisms might be a sustainable solution. This study demonstrates bacteria activity in the tomato plant rhizosphere. Further, it investigates the rhizobacteria's structure, function, and diversity in soil. Rhizobacteria that promote the growth and development of tomato plants are referred to as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR). They form a series of associations with plants and other organisms in the soil through a mutualistic relationship where both parties benefit from living together. It implies the antagonistic activities of the rhizobacteria to deter pathogens from invading tomato plants through their roots. Some PGPR are regarded as biological control agents that hinder the development of spoilage organisms and can act as an alternative for agricultural chemicals that may be detrimental to the health of humans, animals, and some of the beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere soil. These bacteria also help tomato plants acquire essential nutrients like potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N). Some rhizobacteria may offer a solution to low tomato production and help tackle food insecurity and farming problems. In this review, an overview of soil-inhabiting rhizobacteria focused on improving the sustainable production of Solanum lycopersicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afeez Adesina Adedayo
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | | | - Cristina Cruz
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marius Stefan
- Faculty of Biology, Universitatea Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Iasi, Romania
| | - Funso Kutu
- Faculty of Agiculture and Natural Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Mpumalanga, South Africa
| | - Bernard R. Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Lahlali R, Ezrari S, Radouane N, Kenfaoui J, Esmaeel Q, El Hamss H, Belabess Z, Barka EA. Biological Control of Plant Pathogens: A Global Perspective. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030596. [PMID: 35336171 PMCID: PMC8951280 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in the world population has generated an important need for both quality and quantity agricultural products, which has led to a significant surge in the use of chemical pesticides to fight crop diseases. Consumers, however, have become very concerned in recent years over the side effects of chemical fungicides on human health and the environment. As a result, research into alternative solutions to protect crops has been imposed and attracted wide attention from researchers worldwide. Among these alternatives, biological controls through beneficial microorganisms have gained considerable importance, whilst several biological control agents (BCAs) have been screened, among them Bacillus, Pantoea, Streptomyces, Trichoderma, Clonostachys, Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and certain yeasts. At present, biopesticide products have been developed and marketed either to fight leaf diseases, root diseases, or fruit storage diseases. However, no positive correlation has been observed between the number of screened BCAs and available marketed products. Therefore, this review emphasizes the development of biofungicides products from screening to marketing and the problems that hinder their development. Finally, particular attention was given to the gaps observed in this sector and factors that hamper its development, particularly in terms of efficacy and legislation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Lahlali
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Menkes 50001, Morocco; (S.E.); (N.R.); (J.K.); (H.E.H.)
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (E.A.B.); Tel.: +212-55-30-02-39 (R.L.); +33-3-2691-3441 (E.A.B.)
| | - Said Ezrari
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Menkes 50001, Morocco; (S.E.); (N.R.); (J.K.); (H.E.H.)
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 2202, Route d’Imouzzer, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Nabil Radouane
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Menkes 50001, Morocco; (S.E.); (N.R.); (J.K.); (H.E.H.)
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 2202, Route d’Imouzzer, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Jihane Kenfaoui
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Menkes 50001, Morocco; (S.E.); (N.R.); (J.K.); (H.E.H.)
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 2202, Route d’Imouzzer, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Qassim Esmaeel
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bio-Protection des Plantes-EA 4707-USC INRAE1488, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France;
| | - Hajar El Hamss
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Menkes 50001, Morocco; (S.E.); (N.R.); (J.K.); (H.E.H.)
| | - Zineb Belabess
- Plant Protection Laboratory, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Oujda, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Avenue Mohamed VI, BP428 Oujda, Oujda 60000, Morocco;
| | - Essaid Ait Barka
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bio-Protection des Plantes-EA 4707-USC INRAE1488, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France;
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (E.A.B.); Tel.: +212-55-30-02-39 (R.L.); +33-3-2691-3441 (E.A.B.)
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Lammers A, Lalk M, Garbeva P. Air Ambulance: Antimicrobial Power of Bacterial Volatiles. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11010109. [PMID: 35052986 PMCID: PMC8772769 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We are currently facing an antimicrobial resistance crisis, which means that a lot of bacterial pathogens have developed resistance to common antibiotics. Hence, novel and innovative solutions are urgently needed to combat resistant human pathogens. A new source of antimicrobial compounds could be bacterial volatiles. Volatiles are ubiquitous produced, chemically divers and playing essential roles in intra- and interspecies interactions like communication and antimicrobial defense. In the last years, an increasing number of studies showed bioactivities of bacterial volatiles, including antibacterial, antifungal and anti-oomycete activities, indicating bacterial volatiles as an exciting source for novel antimicrobial compounds. In this review we introduce the chemical diversity of bacterial volatiles, their antimicrobial activities and methods for testing this activity. Concluding, we discuss the possibility of using antimicrobial volatiles to antagonize the antimicrobial resistance crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lammers
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry and Metabolomics, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany;
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: or (A.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Michael Lalk
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry and Metabolomics, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Paolina Garbeva
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: or (A.L.); (P.G.)
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