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Kantati YT, Kodjo MK, Lefranc B, Basille-Dugay M, Hupin S, Schmitz I, Leprince J, Gbeassor M, Vaudry D. Neuroprotective Effect of Sterculia setigera Leaves Hydroethanolic Extract. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:44. [PMID: 38630337 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Plants are a valuable source of information for pharmacological research and new drug discovery. The present study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of the leaves of the medicinal plant Sterculia setigera. In vitro, the effect of Sterculia setigera leaves dry hydroethanolic extract (SSE) was tested on cultured cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) survival when exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), using the viability probe fluorescein diacetate (FDA), a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity assay, an immunocytochemical staining against Gap 43, and the quantification of the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, necrosis, or oxidative stress. In vivo, the effect of intraperitoneal (ip) injection of SSE was assessed on the developing brain of 8-day-old Wistar rats exposed to ethanol neurotoxicity by measuring caspase-3 activity on cerebellum homogenates, the expression of some genes in tissue extracts, the thickness of cerebellar cortical layers and motor coordination. In vitro, SSE protected CGN against H2O2 and 6-OHDA-induced cell death at a dose of 10 µg/mL, inhibited the expression of genes Casp3 and Bad, and upregulated the expression of Cat and Gpx7. In vivo, SSE significantly blocked the deleterious effect of ethanol by reducing the activity of caspase-3, inhibiting the expression of Bax and Tp53, preventing the reduction of the thickness of the internal granule cell layer of the cerebellar cortex, and restoring motor functions. Sterculia setigera exerts neuroactive functions as claimed by traditional medicine and should be a good candidate for the development of a neuroprotective treatment against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yendubé T Kantati
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, NorDiC UMR 1239, 76000, Inserm, Rouen, France
- Laboratory of Physiology/Pharmacology, Physiopathology Bioactive Substances and Innocuity Research Unit (PBSI), Faculty of Sciences, of Lomé, Lomé, Togo, 01BP 1515
| | - Magloire K Kodjo
- Laboratory of Physiology/Pharmacology, Physiopathology Bioactive Substances and Innocuity Research Unit (PBSI), Faculty of Sciences, of Lomé, Lomé, Togo, 01BP 1515
| | - Benjamin Lefranc
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, NorDiC UMR 1239, 76000, Inserm, Rouen, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, HeRacLeS US 51 UAR 2026, 76000, Inserm, Rouen, France
| | - Magali Basille-Dugay
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, NorDiC UMR 1239, 76000, Inserm, Rouen, France
| | - Sébastien Hupin
- UMR 6014, Normandie Université, COBRA, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen-Normandie, CNRS, IRCOF, 3038, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, FR, France
| | - Isabelle Schmitz
- UMR 6014, Normandie Université, COBRA, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen-Normandie, CNRS, IRCOF, 3038, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, FR, France
- UMR 6270, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, NorDiC UMR 1239, 76000, Inserm, Rouen, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, HeRacLeS US 51 UAR 2026, 76000, Inserm, Rouen, France
| | - Messanvi Gbeassor
- Laboratory of Physiology/Pharmacology, Physiopathology Bioactive Substances and Innocuity Research Unit (PBSI), Faculty of Sciences, of Lomé, Lomé, Togo, 01BP 1515
| | - David Vaudry
- Univ Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, HeRacLeS US 51 UAR 2026, 76000, Inserm, Rouen, France.
- UMR 1245, Laboratory of Cancer and Brain Genomics, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, 76000, Inserm, Rouen, France.
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Ragab SMM, Almohaimeed HM, Alghriany AAI, Khalil NSA, Abd-Allah EA. Protective effect of Moringa oleifera leaf ethanolic extract against uranyl acetate-induced testicular dysfunction in rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:932. [PMID: 38195615 PMCID: PMC10776666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Uranyl acetate (UA) is used in civilian and military applications, predisposing it to wide dispersion in ecosystems. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging radical analysis, we confirmed that Moringa oleifera leaf ethanolic extract (MLEE) is rich in biologically active phytochemicals. Thus, this study aims to investigate the possible defensive effect of MLEE against UA-induced testicular dysfunction. To achieve this, rats were divided randomly and evenly into three groups for 14 days. The control group received no treatment, while the UA group received a single intraperitoneal injection of UA at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW dissolved in saline on the 12th day of the experiment, followed by no treatment the following day. The MLEE + UA group received daily oral administration of MLEE (300 mg/kg BW) dissolved in distilled water before exposure to UA intoxication. The disruption observed in the pituitary-gonadal axis of UA-intoxicated rats was characterized by a significant decrease in luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, and estradiol 17beta levels. Additionally, there was a notable increase in malondialdehyde and a decrease in catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, and nitric oxide, accompanied by an up-regulation in the immuno-expression of nuclear factor-kappa B, indicating a disturbance in the redox balance. The TUNEL assay confirmed a substantial rise in apoptotic cell numbers in the UA group. Testicular histopathological changes, excessive collagen deposition, and reduced glycogen content were evident following UA exposure. However, supplementation with MLEE effectively countered these mentioned abnormalities. MLEE is proposed to combat the toxicological molecular targets in the UA-affected testis by restoring the balance between oxidants and antioxidants while obstructing the apoptotic cascade. MLEE contains an abundance of redox-stabilizing and cytoprotective phytochemicals that have the potential to counteract the mechanistic pathways associated with UA exposure. These findings encourage further research into other plausible protective aspects of Moringa oleifera against the UA challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohair M M Ragab
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Sciences, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hailah M Almohaimeed
- Department of Basic Science, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nasser S Abou Khalil
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Merit University, Sohag, Egypt.
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Elham A Abd-Allah
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, El-Kharga, Egypt
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Phupaboon S, Hashim FJ, Phumkhachorn P, Rattanachaikunsopon P. Molecular and biotechnological characteristics of proteolytic activity from Streptococcus thermophilus as a proteolytic lactic acid bacteria to enhance protein-derived bioactive peptides. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9:591-611. [PMID: 38173974 PMCID: PMC10758578 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2023031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The demand for healthy food items with a high nutrient value of bioavailability and bioaccessibility has created a need for continuous development of technology and food ingredients like bioactive peptides. This study aimed to investigate seven proteolytic lactic acid bacteria (PLABs) isolated from the plaa-som (fermented fish) sample originated from silver BARB species for production of proteolytic enzymes. Proteolytic enzymes produced by (PLABs) were used further to create potent bioactive peptides by hydrolyzing proteins throughout PLAB-probiotics enhancer. Protein derived-bioactive peptides was tested the proteolytic activity on different protein sources and examined bioactivities including antioxidative and antimicrobial effect for further use in functional foods. Results of screened-PLAB strains showed high proteolytic activity namely Streptococcus thermophilus strains (KKUPA22 and KKUPK13). These strains have proteolytic system consisting of extracellular and cell-bound enzymes that used for degrading protein in fish flesh protein (FFP) and skim milk (SKM) broth media. Proteolytic activity of tested bacterial enzymes was estimated after incubation at 45, 37, and 50 °C. Furthermore, FFP hydrolysates were formed with various peptides and has small molecular weights (checked by SDS-PAGE) in the range of10.5 to 22 kDa), exhibiting strong activity. Data revealed that S. thermophilus strains (KKUPA22 and KKUPK13) had high antioxidant activity in term of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) radical-scavenging inhibition, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) reducing power capacity. Both strains (KKUPA22 and KKUPK13) of S. thermophilus have higher antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria than against Gram-positive bacteria. We have confirmed presence of proteolytic (prt) gene regions in S. thermophilus strains using specific primers via PCR amplification. Results showed highest homology (100%) with the prtS gene of S. thermophillus located on the cell envelope proteolytic enzymes (CEPEs) such as serine proteinase. Therefore, it concluded that the proteolytic system of tested PLAB strains able to generate bioactive peptides-derived proteins having active biological property, good mechanism of degradability, and bioaccessibility for further use in catalyzing protein of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srisan Phupaboon
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Farah J. Hashim
- Department of chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq
| | - Parichat Phumkhachorn
- Department of Biological Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Warin Chamrap, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
| | - Pongsak Rattanachaikunsopon
- Department of Biological Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Warin Chamrap, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
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Azlan UK, Khairul Annuar NA, Mediani A, Aizat WM, Damanhuri HA, Tong X, Yanagisawa D, Tooyama I, Wan Ngah WZ, Jantan I, Hamezah HS. An insight into the neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory effects and mechanisms of Moringa oleifera. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1035220. [PMID: 36686668 PMCID: PMC9849397 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1035220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are sporadic maladies that affect patients' lives with progressive neurological disabilities and reduced quality of life. Neuroinflammation and oxidative reaction are among the pivotal factors for neurodegenerative conditions, contributing to the progression of NDs, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and Huntington's disease (HD). Management of NDs is still less than optimum due to its wide range of causative factors and influences, such as lifestyle, genetic variants, and environmental aspects. The neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory activities of Moringa oleifera have been documented in numerous studies due to its richness of phytochemicals with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review highlights up-to-date research findings on the anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects of M. oleifera, including mechanisms against NDs. The information was gathered from databases, which include Scopus, Science Direct, Ovid-MEDLINE, Springer, and Elsevier. Neuroprotective effects of M. oleifera were mainly assessed by using the crude extracts in vitro and in vivo experiments. Isolated compounds from M. oleifera such as moringin, astragalin, and isoquercitrin, and identified compounds of M. oleifera such as phenolic acids and flavonoids (chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, (-)-epicatechin, and isoquercitrin) have been reported to have neuropharmacological activities. Therefore, these compounds may potentially contribute to the neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory effects. More in-depth studies using in vivo animal models of neurological-related disorders and extensive preclinical investigations, such as pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and bioavailability studies are necessary before clinical trials can be carried out to develop M. oleifera constituents into neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummi Kalthum Azlan
- 1Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Ahmed Mediani
- 1Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Mohd Aizat
- 1Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri
- 2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xiaohui Tong
- 3School of Life Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Daijiro Yanagisawa
- 4Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- 5Medical Innovation Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
- 5Medical Innovation Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- 1Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hamizah Shahirah Hamezah
- 1Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia,*Correspondence: Hamizah Shahirah Hamezah,
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Ramarao KDR, Somasundram C, Razali Z, Kunasekaran W, Jin TL, Musa S, Achari VM. Antiproliferative effects of dried Moringa oleifera leaf extract on human Wharton's Jelly mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274814. [PMID: 36197921 PMCID: PMC9534417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have seen an elevated use in clinical works like regenerative medicine. Its potential therapeutic properties increases when used in tandem with complementary agents like bio-based materials. Therefore, the present study is the first to investigate the cytotoxicity of a highly valued medicinal plant, Moringa oleifera, on human Wharton's Jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJMSCs) and its effects on the cells' gene expression when used as a pre-treatment agent in vitro. M. oleifera leaves (MOL) were dried and subjected to UHPLC-QTOF/MS analysis, revealing several major compounds like apigenin, kaempferol, and quercetin in the MOL, with various biological activities like antioxidant and anti-cancer properties. We then treated the hWJMSCs with MOL and noticed a dose-dependant inhibition on the cells' proliferation. RNA-sequencing was performed to explain the possible mechanism of action and revealed genes like PPP1R1C, SULT2B1, CDKN1A, mir-154 and CCNB1, whose expression patterns were closely associated with the negative cell cycle regulation and cell cycle arrest process. This is also evident from gene set enrichment analysis where the GO and KEGG terms for down-regulated pathways were closely related to the cell cycle regulation. The Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) software further predicted the significant activation of (p < 0.05, z-score > 2) of the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint regulation pathway. The present study suggests that MOL exhibits an antiproliferative effect on hWJMSCs via cell cycle arrest and apoptotic pathways. We believe that this study provides an important baseline reference for future works involving MOL's potential to accompany MSCs for clinical works. Future works can take advantage of the cell's strong anti-cancer gene expression found in this study, and evaluate our MOL treatment on various cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kivaandra Dayaa Rao Ramarao
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and The Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chandran Somasundram
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and The Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Zuliana Razali
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and The Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Tan Li Jin
- Cytonex Sdn. Bhd., Menara UOA Bangsar, Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sabri Musa
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vijayan Manickam Achari
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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A Comprehensive Review with Updated Future Perspectives on the Ethnomedicinal and Pharmacological Aspects of Moringa oleifera. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185765. [PMID: 36144493 PMCID: PMC9504211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is an ancient remedy plant, known as the miraculous plant due to its many prominent uses and significant health benefits. It is a nutrient-rich plant, with exceptional bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols that possess several medicinal properties. Many significant studies have been carried out to evaluate the ethnomedicinal and pharmacological properties of M. oleifera in various applications. Therefore, this comprehensive review compiles and summarizes important findings from recent studies on the potential properties of different parts of M. oleifera. The pharmacological properties of M. oleifera have been studied for various potential biological properties, such as cardio-protective, anti-oxidative, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-diabetic and anti-carcinogenic effects. Therefore, the potential of this plant is even more anticipated. This review also highlights the safety and toxicity effects of M. oleifera treatment at various doses, including in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials from human studies.
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Zheng X, Zhao Y, Naumovski N, Zhao W, Yang G, Xue X, Wu L, Granato D, Peng W, Wang K. Systems Biology Approaches for Understanding Metabolic Differences Using 'Multi-Omics' Profiling of Metabolites in Mice Fed with Honey and Mixed Sugars. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163445. [PMID: 36014951 PMCID: PMC9412287 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey is proposed to be the oldest natural sweetener and it is a standard component of several dietary patterns. Recent evidence suggests that replacing sugars, such as fructose, with honey has potential health benefits. In this study, we determined the effects of honey supplementation in mice on cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers and changes in gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles. We compared mice fed a honey diet (1 or 2 g/kg) with those fed an analog diet (mixed fructose, glucose, and sucrose (FSG) solutions) at exact dosages for one month. We found the same blood glucose fluctuating trends for honey- and FGS-fed mice. The honey diets resulted in less weight gain and fewer ballooned hepatocytes. Additionally, honey diets decreased the total serum cholesterol and TNF-α and increased the antioxidant enzyme activity. Each diet type was associated with distinct gut microbiota and metabolomics profiles. Systems biology analysis revealed that Lactococcus spp., Lachnospiraceae spp., and oleamide had the strongest correlations with lipid metabolic networks. Although in an animal model, this study provides a good understanding of the potential benefits of choosing honey rather than mixed sugars in regular dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zheng
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yazhou Zhao
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- University of Canberra Health Research Institute (UCHRI), University of Canberra, Locked Bag 1, Bruce, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Wen Zhao
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Guan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Liming Wu
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Daniel Granato
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (W.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Wenjun Peng
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (W.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (W.P.); (K.W.)
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Arozal W, Purwoningsih E, Lee HJ, Barinda AJ, Munim A. Effects of Moringa oleifera in Two Independents Formulation and as Neuroprotective Agent Against Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:799127. [PMID: 35299766 PMCID: PMC8922057 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.799127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cognitive deficit has frequently been found in the elderly population. Several studies have shown that every single part of Moringa oleifera, including leaves, roots, and seeds, has abundant micronutrients, such as flavonoids, which improve the neurobehavioral capacity. However, herb parts that display optimal neuropharmacological properties remain unknown. Objective We investigate whether M. oleifera seed oil (MOO) or aqueous M. oleifera leaves extracts (MOEs) may ameliorate memory impairment in mice induced with scopolamine (Sco). Additionally, the phytochemical analyses of those two independent formulations were analyzed. Methods In this study, 2 ml/kg body weight (BW) of MOO and 500 mg/kg BW of MOE were orally administered to the mice for 28 days, followed by intraperitoneal injection of Sco (1 mg/kg) at the day 22–28 to induce cognitive impairment in those mice. Results The Sco group showed memory retention impairment represented by the Y-maze and novel object recognition tests, significant enhancement of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity in hippocampus tissue (p < 0.0001), and increased the level of total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) in serum. Interestingly, the Sco-induced memory defect was improved and completely blunted the AChE exacerbation in Sco+MOO-treated mice (p < 0.0001), although the TAOC level was comparable among the groups. Mechanistically, both tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), as a brain-derived neurotrophic factor-receptor, and nuclear factor-kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) protein expressions were enhanced with the hippocampus isolated from the Sco group. Nonetheless, pretreatment with MOO only, but not with MOE, ameliorated the enhanced protein expression levels of TrkB and NF-κB (p < 0.05 and p = 0.09, respectively). Conclusion Our data reveal that MOO is preferable to MOE as a neuroprotective as evidenced by improving memory impairment. This effect, at least in part, through inhibiting the AChE and NF-κB activities and modulating the TrkB expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wawaimuli Arozal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- *Correspondence: Wawaimuli Arozal ;
| | - Emni Purwoningsih
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Hee Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Agian Jeffilano Barinda
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Metabolic disorder, Cardiovascular, and Aging Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Munim
- Department of Pharmacognosy-Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
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