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Bigini V, Sillo F, Giulietti S, Pontiggia D, Giovannini L, Balestrini R, Savatin DV. Oligogalacturonide application increases resistance to Fusarium head blight in durum wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3070-3091. [PMID: 38334507 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Fusariosis causes substantial yield losses in the wheat crop worldwide and compromises food safety because of the presence of toxins associated with the fungal disease. Among the current approaches to crop protection, the use of elicitors able to activate natural defense mechanisms in plants is a strategy gaining increasing attention. Several studies indicate that applications of plant cell-wall-derived elicitors, such as oligogalacturonides (OGs) derived from partial degradation of pectin, induce local and systemic resistance against plant pathogens. The aim of this study was to establish the efficacy of OGs in protecting durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum), which is characterized by an extreme susceptibility to Fusarium graminearum. To evaluate the functionality of OGs, spikes and seedlings of cv. Svevo were inoculated with OGs, F. graminearum spores, and a co-treatment of both. Results demonstrated that OGs are active elicitors of wheat defenses, triggering typical immune marker genes and determining regulation of fungal genes. Moreover, bioassays on spikes and transcriptomic analyses on seedlings showed that OGs can regulate relevant physiological processes in Svevo with dose-dependent specificity. Thus, the OG sensing system plays an important role in fine tuning immune signaling pathways in durum wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bigini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Fabiano Sillo
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Sarah Giulietti
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Department of Biology and biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Ple Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pontiggia
- Department of Biology and biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Ple Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Research Center for Applied Sciences to the safeguard of Environment and Cultural Heritage (CIABC), Sapienza University of Rome, Ple Aldo Moro, 5 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Giovannini
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniel V Savatin
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Rehman A, Alwutayd KM, Alshehri D, Alsudays IM, Azeem F, Rahman S, Abid M, Shah AA. Regulatory role of AGC genes in heat stress adaptation in maize ( Zea mays). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP23282. [PMID: 38758970 DOI: 10.1071/fp23282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Heat stress represents a significant environmental challenge that restricts maize (Zea mays ) growth and yield on a global scale. Within the plant kingdom, the AGC gene family, encoding a group of protein kinases, has emerged as crucial players in various stress responses. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of AGC genes in Z. mays under heat-stress conditions remains elusive. A genome-wide analysis was done using bioinformatics techniques to identify 39 AGC genes in Z. mays , categorising them into three subfamilies based on their conserved domains. We investigated their phylogenetic relationships, gene structures (including intron-exon configurations), and expression patterns. These genes are likely involved in diverse signalling pathways, fulfilling distinct roles when exposed to heat stress conditions. Notably, most ZmAGC1.5, ZmAGC1.9, ZmNDR3, ZmNDR5 and ZmIRE3 exhibited significant changes in expression levels under heat stress, featuring a high G-box ratio. Furthermore, we pinpointed a subset of AGC genes displaying highly coordinated expression, implying their potential involvement in the heat stress response pathway. Our study offers valuable insights into the contribution of AGC genes to Z. mays 's heat stress response, thus facilitating the development of heat-tolerant Z. mays varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rehman
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dikhnah Alshehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Farrukh Azeem
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahroz Rahman
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ali Shah
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Pathirana R, Carimi F. Plant Biotechnology-An Indispensable Tool for Crop Improvement. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1133. [PMID: 38674542 PMCID: PMC11054891 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Traditional plant breeding has helped to increase food production dramatically over the past five decades, and many countries have managed to produce enough food for the growing population, particularly in the developing world [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Pathirana
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Urrbra, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Francesco Carimi
- Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse (IBBR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo la Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
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Nigro D, Blanco A, Piarulli L, Signorile MA, Colasuonno P, Blanco E, Simeone R. Fine Mapping and Candidate Gene Analysis of Pm36, a Wild Emmer-Derived Powdery Mildew Resistance Locus in Durum Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113659. [PMID: 36362444 PMCID: PMC9657016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM) is an economically important foliar disease of cultivated cereals worldwide. The cultivation of disease-resistant varieties is considered the most efficient, sustainable and economical strategy for disease management. The objectives of the current study were to fine map the chromosomal region harboring the wild emmer PM resistance locus Pm36 and to identify candidate genes by exploiting the improved tetraploid wheat genomic resources. A set of backcross inbred lines (BILs) of durum wheat were genotyped with the SNP 25K chip array and comparison of the PM-resistant and susceptible lines defined a 1.5 cM region (physical interval of 1.08 Mb) harboring Pm36. The genetic map constructed with F2:3 progenies derived by crossing the PM resistant line 5BIL-42 and the durum parent Latino, restricted to 0.3 cM the genetic distance between Pm36 and the SNP marker IWB22904 (physical distance 0.515 Mb). The distribution of the marker interval including Pm36 in a tetraploid wheat collection indicated that the positive allele was largely present in the domesticated and wild emmer Triticum turgidum spp. dicoccum and ssp. dicoccoides. Ten high-confidence protein coding genes were identified in the Pm36 region of the emmer, durum and bread wheat reference genomes, while three added genes showed no homologous in the emmer genome. The tightly linked markers can be used for marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding programs, and as starting point for the Pm36 map-based cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Nigro
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), Genetics and Plant Breeding Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Blanco
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), Genetics and Plant Breeding Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-5442993
| | - Luciana Piarulli
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), Genetics and Plant Breeding Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Antonio Signorile
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), Genetics and Plant Breeding Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Colasuonno
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), Genetics and Plant Breeding Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Emanuela Blanco
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Simeone
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), Genetics and Plant Breeding Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Nadarajah K, Abdul Rahman NSN. Plant-Microbe Interaction: Aboveground to Belowground, from the Good to the Bad. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910388. [PMID: 34638728 PMCID: PMC8508622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil health and fertility issues are constantly addressed in the agricultural industry. Through the continuous and prolonged use of chemical heavy agricultural systems, most agricultural lands have been impacted, resulting in plateaued or reduced productivity. As such, to invigorate the agricultural industry, we would have to resort to alternative practices that will restore soil health and fertility. Therefore, in recent decades, studies have been directed towards taking a Magellan voyage of the soil rhizosphere region, to identify the diversity, density, and microbial population structure of the soil, and predict possible ways to restore soil health. Microbes that inhabit this region possess niche functions, such as the stimulation or promotion of plant growth, disease suppression, management of toxicity, and the cycling and utilization of nutrients. Therefore, studies should be conducted to identify microbes or groups of organisms that have assigned niche functions. Based on the above, this article reviews the aboveground and below-ground microbiomes, their roles in plant immunity, physiological functions, and challenges and tools available in studying these organisms. The information collected over the years may contribute toward future applications, and in designing sustainable agriculture.
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Botticella E, Savatin DV, Sestili F. The Triple Jags of Dietary Fibers in Cereals: How Biotechnology Is Longing for High Fiber Grains. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:745579. [PMID: 34594354 PMCID: PMC8477015 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.745579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cereals represent an important source of beneficial compounds for human health, such as macro- and micronutrients, vitamins, and bioactive molecules. Generally, the consumption of whole-grain products is associated with significant health benefits, due to the elevated amount of dietary fiber (DF). However, the consumption of whole-grain foods is still modest compared to more refined products. In this sense, it is worth focusing on the increase of DF fractions inside the inner compartment of the seed, the endosperm, which represents the main part of the derived flour. The main components of the grain fiber are arabinoxylan (AX), β-glucan (βG), and resistant starch (RS). These three components are differently distributed in grains, however, all of them are represented in the endosperm. AX and βG, classified as non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), are in cell walls, whereas, RS is in the endosperm, being a starch fraction. As the chemical structure of DFs influences their digestibility, the identification of key actors involved in their metabolism can pave the way to improve their function in human health. Here, we reviewed the main achievements of plant biotechnologies in DFs manipulation in cereals, highlighting new genetic targets to be exploited, and main issues to face to increase the potential of cereals in fighting malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermelinda Botticella
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Sestili
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Dreiseitl A. Powdery Mildew Resistance Phenotypes of Wheat Gene Bank Accessions. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090846. [PMID: 34571722 PMCID: PMC8470289 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) is a common pathogen of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and genetic resistance is an effective and environmentally friendly method to reduce its adverse impact. The introgression of novel genes from wheat progenitors and related species can increase the diversity of disease resistance and accumulation of minor genes to improve the crop's resistance durability. To accomplish these two actions, host genotypes without major resistances should be preferably used. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to carry out seedling tests to detect such resistances in a set of wheat accessions from the Czech gene bank and to group the cultivars according to their phenotype. Ear progenies of 448 selected cultivars originating from 33 countries were inoculated with three isolates of the pathogen. Twenty-eight cultivars were heterogeneous, and 110 cultivars showed resistance to at least one isolate. Fifty-nine cultivars, mostly from Northwest Europe, were resistant to all three isolates were more than three times more frequently recorded in spring than in winter cultivars. Results will facilitate a rational and practical approach preferably using the set of cultivars without major resistances for both mentioned methods of breeding wheat cultivars resistant to powdery mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonín Dreiseitl
- Department of Integrated Plant Protection, Agrotest Fyto Ltd., Havlíčkova 2787, CZ-767 01 Kroměříž, Czech Republic
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