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Balant M, Rodríguez González R, Garcia S, Garnatje T, Pellicer J, Vallès J, Vitales D, Hidalgo O. Novel Insights into the Nature of Intraspecific Genome Size Diversity in Cannabis sativa L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2736. [PMID: 36297761 PMCID: PMC9607409 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa has been used for millennia in traditional medicine for ritual purposes and for the production of food and fibres, thus, providing important and versatile services to humans. The species, which currently has a worldwide distribution, strikes out for displaying a huge morphological and chemical diversity. Differences in Cannabis genome size have also been found, suggesting it could be a useful character to differentiate between accessions. We used flow cytometry to investigate the extent of genome size diversity across 483 individuals belonging to 84 accessions, with a wide range of wild/feral, landrace, and cultivated accessions. We also carried out sex determination using the MADC2 marker and investigated the potential of flow cytometry as a method for early sex determination. All individuals were diploid, with genome sizes ranging from 1.810 up to 2.152 pg/2C (1.189-fold variation), apart from a triploid, with 2.884 pg/2C. Our results suggest that the geographical expansion of Cannabis and its domestication had little impact on its overall genome size. We found significant differences between the genome size of male and female individuals. Unfortunately, differences were, however, too small to be discriminated using flow cytometry through the direct processing of combined male and female individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manica Balant
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Passeig del Migdia s.n., 08038 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roi Rodríguez González
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Passeig del Migdia s.n., 08038 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sònia Garcia
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Passeig del Migdia s.n., 08038 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Teresa Garnatje
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Passeig del Migdia s.n., 08038 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jaume Pellicer
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Passeig del Migdia s.n., 08038 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Green, Richmond TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Joan Vallès
- Laboratori de Botànica (UB), Unitat Associada al CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació–Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27–31, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Daniel Vitales
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Passeig del Migdia s.n., 08038 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Laboratori de Botànica (UB), Unitat Associada al CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació–Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27–31, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Oriane Hidalgo
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Passeig del Migdia s.n., 08038 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Green, Richmond TW9 3AE, UK
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Pellicer J, Balant M, Fernández P, Rodríguez González R, Hidalgo O. Morphological and Genome-Wide Evidence of Homoploid Hybridisation in Urospermum (Asteraceae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11020182. [PMID: 35050070 PMCID: PMC8779322 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The genus Urospermum is distributed in the Mediterranean region and Macaronesia, and has been introduced to other extra-Mediterranean regions. Although the two species constituting the genus, U. dalechampii and U. picroides, are frequently found together, hybrids have so far only been reported once, from Morocco. However, we found certain individuals in Catalonia, whose intermediate morphology suggested a potential hybrid origin. In this study, we applied morphological and molecular methods to investigate the origin of those individuals. Intermediate features at phenotype, karyological, cytogenetic, and genomic levels were identified in morphologically intermediate individuals, supporting their homoploid hybrid origin. Chloroplast sequence data suggest that U. dalechampii is the maternal progenitor of the hybrid. Together with the intermediate traits displayed, the lack of fertile seeds suggests that hybrids are probably F1. Future monitoring studies will be, nonetheless, needed to evaluate the extent of hybridisation and its potential impact on the biology of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Pellicer
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Passeig del Migdia s.n., Parc de Montjuïc, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.); (P.F.); (R.R.G.)
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Green, Richmond TW9 3AE, UK
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (O.H.); Tel.: +34-932890611 (J.P. & O.H.)
| | - Manica Balant
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Passeig del Migdia s.n., Parc de Montjuïc, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.); (P.F.); (R.R.G.)
| | - Pol Fernández
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Passeig del Migdia s.n., Parc de Montjuïc, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.); (P.F.); (R.R.G.)
| | - Roi Rodríguez González
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Passeig del Migdia s.n., Parc de Montjuïc, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.); (P.F.); (R.R.G.)
| | - Oriane Hidalgo
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Passeig del Migdia s.n., Parc de Montjuïc, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.); (P.F.); (R.R.G.)
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Green, Richmond TW9 3AE, UK
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (O.H.); Tel.: +34-932890611 (J.P. & O.H.)
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