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Yadav P, Mohapatra S, Jaiswal PO, Dokka N, Tyagi S, Sreevathsa R, Shasany AK. Characterization of a novel cytosolic sesquiterpene synthase MpTPS4 from Mentha ×piperita as a bioresource for the enrichment of invaluable viridiflorol in mentha essential oil. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134214. [PMID: 39069055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Our research addresses the challenge of low concentrations of viridiflorol, a unique and highly valuable sesquiterpene found in various Mentha species. We employed biotechnological strategies to enhance viridiflorol production, which could significantly boost export revenue. Mentha piperita L. sesquiterpene synthase (MpTPS4) was the focus of our study because it is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of viridiflorol. Through biochemical characterization, we confirmed that MpTPS4 exclusively synthesizes viridiflorol. By overexpressing MpTPS4 in M. ×piperita L. using a glandular trichome-specific promoter, we achieved a notable increase (9-25 %) in viridiflorol content. Additionally, we explored the practical application of viridiflorol as a deterrent against the herbivore Helicoverpa armigera. The RNAi-mediated knockdown of MpTPS4 resulted in a significant reduction in viridiflorol levels in the essential oil. More importantly, these results show how relevant MpTPS4 is for making viridiflorol and how biotechnology could be used to increase biosynthesis. Our research provides valuable insights into enhancing the production of this commercially important sesquiterpene, offering promising opportunities for the mentha industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Yadav
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, UP, India
| | - Soumyajit Mohapatra
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, UP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Priyanka O Jaiswal
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, UP, India
| | - Narasimham Dokka
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Shaily Tyagi
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rohini Sreevathsa
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Ajit Kumar Shasany
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, UP, India; CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, UP, India.
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Fernandes FA, Carocho M, Finimundy TC, Prieto MA, Ferreira ICFR, Barros L, Heleno SA. Cistus, Acacia, and Lemon verbena Valorization through Response Surface Methodology: Optimization Studies and Potential Application in the Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Industries. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:593. [PMID: 38794166 PMCID: PMC11124168 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cistus ladanifer L., Acacia dealbata L., and Aloysia citrodora Paláu were subject to an optimization procedure for two extraction techniques (heat-assisted extraction (HAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE)). The extracts were then analyzed by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS for their phenolic profile (cistus-15 compounds, acacia-21 compounds, and lemon verbena-9 compounds). The response surface methodology was applied, considering four varying factors: ethanol percentage; extraction time; temperature/power; and S/L ratio, generating two responses (the major phenolic compound, or family of compounds, and the extraction yield). For cistus, both techniques optimized the extraction yield of punicalagins, with UAE proving to be the most efficient extraction method (3.22% ethanol, 22 min, 171 W, and 35 g/L). For acacia, HAE maximized the extraction of procyanidin (74% ethanol, 86 min, 24 °C, and 50 g/L), and UAE maximized the content of myricetin (65% ethanol, 8 min, 50 W, and 50 g/L). For lemon verbena, HAE favored the extraction of martynoside (13% ethanol, 96 min, 49 °C and 17 g/L) and forsythiaside UAE (94% ethanol, 25 min, 399 W, and 29 g/L). The optimal conditions for the extraction of compounds with high added value and potential for use in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals were defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa A. Fernandes
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (F.A.F.); (T.C.F.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (L.B.); (S.A.H.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Grupo de Nutrición y Bromatología, Departamento de Química Analítica y Alimentaria, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo-Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain;
| | - Márcio Carocho
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (F.A.F.); (T.C.F.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (L.B.); (S.A.H.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Tiane C. Finimundy
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (F.A.F.); (T.C.F.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (L.B.); (S.A.H.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Grupo de Nutrición y Bromatología, Departamento de Química Analítica y Alimentaria, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo-Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain;
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (F.A.F.); (T.C.F.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (L.B.); (S.A.H.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (F.A.F.); (T.C.F.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (L.B.); (S.A.H.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Sandrina A. Heleno
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (F.A.F.); (T.C.F.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (L.B.); (S.A.H.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Najar B, Pieracci Y, Fratini F, Pistelli L, Turchi B, Varriale D, Pistelli L, Bozzini MF, Marchioni I. Exploring the Volatile Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Edible Flower Hydrosols with Insights into Their Spontaneous Emissions and Essential Oil Chemistry. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1145. [PMID: 38674554 PMCID: PMC11053853 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In the circular economy framework, hydrosols, by-products of the essential oil industry, are gaining attention for their potential in waste reduction and resource reuse. This study analyzed hydrosols from six edible flowers, investigating their chemical composition (VOC-Hyd) and antibacterial properties alongside volatile organic compounds of fresh flowers (VOC-Fs) and essential oils (EOs). Antirrhinum majus exhibited ketones as major VOC-Fs (62.6%) and VOC-Hyd (41.4%), while apocarotenoids dominated its EOs (68.0%). Begonia cucullata showed alkanes (33.7%) and aldehydes (25.7%) as primary VOC-Fs, while alkanes were prevalent in both extracts (65.6% and 91.7% in VOC-Hyd and in EOs, respectively). Calandula officinalis had monoterpenoids in VOC-Fs and VOC-Hyd (89.3% and 49.7%, respectively), while its EOs were rich in sesquiterpenoids (59.7%). Dahlia hortensis displayed monoterpenoid richness in both VOC-Fs and extracts. Monocots species' VOC-Fs (Polianthes tuberosa, Tulbaghia cominsii) were esters-rich, replaced by monoterpenoids in VOC-Hyd. P. tuberosa EO maintained ester richness, while T. cominsii EOs contained a significant percentage of sulfur compounds (38.1%). Antibacterial assays indicated comparable minimum inhibitory concentration profiles across VOC-Hyd: B. calcullata and P. tuberosa against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica ser. typhimurium, T. cominsii against Escherichia coli and S. enterica, A. majus and C. officinalis against S. aureus, and D. hortensis against S. enterica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Najar
- RD3—Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis & Drug Discovery Unit, Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Free University of Brussels, Blvd Triomphe, Campus Plaine, CP 205/5, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ylenia Pieracci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (Y.P.); (L.P.); (M.F.B.)
| | - Filippo Fratini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale dellle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.F.); (B.T.); (D.V.)
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute (NUTRA-FOOD), Università di Pisa, Via del Borgetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Laura Pistelli
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute (NUTRA-FOOD), Università di Pisa, Via del Borgetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali (DISAAA-a), Università di Pisa, Via del Borgetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Barbara Turchi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale dellle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.F.); (B.T.); (D.V.)
| | - Dario Varriale
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale dellle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.F.); (B.T.); (D.V.)
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (Y.P.); (L.P.); (M.F.B.)
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute (NUTRA-FOOD), Università di Pisa, Via del Borgetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Maria Francesca Bozzini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (Y.P.); (L.P.); (M.F.B.)
| | - Ilaria Marchioni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
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Sabei FY, Safhi AY, Alsalhi A, Khan KA, Bakkari MA, Fatease AA, Madkhali OA. Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of Levofloxacin-Loaded Floating Tables Using Various Rate-Controlling Agents. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:42659-42666. [PMID: 38024719 PMCID: PMC10652821 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Floating tablets are a new approach to extending the time a drug is in the stomach to improve therapy outcomes. Floating tablets were formulated with the drug, the polymers hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and starch, fillers, and lubricants. The tablets were prepared using the direction compression method. The tablets' physical quality control tests were found to be within acceptable limits. The tablets extended drug release up to 12 h and were uniform in their drug contents. The swelling index of the tablets ranged from 60 ± 0.11 to 66 ± 0.14%, and the tablets were less dense than water. The floating lag time (10 ± 0.23 to 16 ± 0.09 s) and total floating time (>12 h) showed good floating behaviors. The kinetic modeling showed that the drug was released from the tablets by pseudo-diffusion, swelling, erosion, or anomalous non-Fickian diffusion. F6 (starch and CMC) showed higher n values (0.994 ± 0.04), exhibiting pseudo-zero-order drug release kinetics compared to those of other tablets. The dissolution data of the test and reference tables were not similar (P > 0.05). In terms of antimicrobial activity, the zones of inhibition of the test F6 tablet powders (5.3 ± 0.08 mm) and the reference tablet powders (5.9 ± 0.13 mm) were found to be significantly similar (P > 0.05). The study concluded that these floating tablets can improve the gastric residence time and therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Y. Sabei
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan
University, 45142 Jazan, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Awaji Y. Safhi
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan
University, 45142 Jazan, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alsalhi
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan
University, 45142 Jazan, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Kamran Ahmad Khan
- Gomal
Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, 29050 Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Ali Bakkari
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan
University, 45142 Jazan, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Adel Al Fatease
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Khalid University, Abha, 62629 Aseer, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A. Madkhali
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan
University, 45142 Jazan, Saudi
Arabia
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Pérez-Izquierdo C, Jordán Bueso MJ, Del Carmen Rodríguez-Molina M, Pulido F. Spatial Variation in Yield, Chemical Composition, and Phytotoxic Activity of Cistus ladanifer Essential Oils. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300995. [PMID: 37746842 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Cistus ladanifer L. (rockrose) is a widespread shrub species of the Mediterranean region with products highly valued by the perfume and cosmetics industry. In this research, the variability in yield, chemical composition and phytotoxic activity of C. ladanifer essential oils collected from 12 plots belonging to four natural populations and settled on two different types of edaphic substrates were evaluated. The essential oils were analyzed by GC-MS. The essential oil content ranged from 0.19 to 0.42 mL/100 g. The volatile profiles were found to be rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenes and oxygenated monoterpenes. PCA analysis clustered the samples into two groups that were mainly attributed to the type of substrate on which the plants grow. Furthermore, CCA and correlation analysis revealed that soil organic matter was the most effective edaphoclimatic driver accounting for these high levels of variation in essential oil yield and composition. Finally, C. ladanifer essential oils showed strong phytotoxic activity on R. sativus seedlings, indicating its potential use as a natural bio-herbicide in agriculture. The results showed that the effect associated to local edaphoclimatic conditions not only impacted on the quality and quantity of the essential oil, but also on the industrial uses derived from its biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pérez-Izquierdo
- Instituto de Investigación de la Dehesa (INDEHESA), Universidad de Extremadura, 10600, Plasencia, Spain
| | - María Josefa Jordán Bueso
- Equipo de Cultivos de Secano para el Desarrollo Rural. Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), La Alberca, 30150, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Rodríguez-Molina
- Centro de Agricultura Ecológica y de Montaña. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX)., Avenida de España 43, 10600, Plasencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Pulido
- Instituto de Investigación de la Dehesa (INDEHESA), Universidad de Extremadura, 10600, Plasencia, Spain
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Rahman MO, Ahmed SS, Alqahtani AS, Cakilcioğlu U, Akbar MA. Insight into novel inhibitors from Sterculia urens against Cholera via pharmacoinformatics and molecular dynamics simulation approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37668010 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2254841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The underdeveloped countries with large populations are facing a grave global threat in the form of cholera. Vibrio cholerae, the etiologic agent of Cholera has drawn attention recently due to antimicrobial resistance and resulting outbreaks that necessitates establishment of novel medications to counteract virulence and viability of the pathogen. Sterculia urens Roxb. (Malvaceae) is an ethnomedicinally important tree, which harbors a good number of bioactive phytocompounds. In the present study, 53 phytocompounds of S. urens were screened against the promising target ToxT of V. cholerae employing structure-based drug design approach that revealed three lead compounds, viz., 4,4,5,8-Tetramethylchroman-2-ol (-8.2 kcal/mol), Beta-Bisabolol (-8.2 kcal/mol) and Ledol (-8.7 kcal/mol) with satisfactory ADMET properties. Molecular dynamics simulation for 150 ns unveiled notable compactness and structural stability for the lead compounds considering RMSD, RMSF, Rg, MolSA, PSA and protein-ligand contacts parameters. Molecular mechanics-based MM/GBSA binding energy calculation revealed Beta-Bisabolol (-66.74 kcal/mol) to have better scores than 4,4,5,8-Tetramethylchroman-2-ol (-47.42 kcal/mol) and Ledol (-65.79 kcal/mol). Enzymes were mostly found as drug target class, and Nabilone was found as a structurally similar analog for 4,4,5,8-Tetramethylchroman-2-ol. These discoveries could aid in revealing new antibacterial medications targeting ToxT to combat Cholera.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Oliur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Sunzid Ahmed
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ali S Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Uğur Cakilcioğlu
- Department of Botany, Pertek Sakine Genç Vocational School, Munzur University, Tunceli, Pertek, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Ahsanul Akbar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
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Sousa NSOD, Almeida JDRD, Frickmann H, Lacerda MVG, Souza JVBD. Searching for new antifungals for the treatment of cryptococcosis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2023; 56:e01212023. [PMID: 37493736 PMCID: PMC10367226 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0121-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a consensus that the antifungal repertoire for the treatment of cryptococcal infections is limited. Standard treatment involves the administration of an antifungal drug derived from natural sources (i.e., amphotericin B) and two other drugs developed synthetically (i.e., flucytosine and fluconazole). Despite treatment, the mortality rates associated with fungal cryptococcosis are high. Amphotericin B and flucytosine are toxic, require intravenous administration, and are usually unavailable in low-income countries because of their high cost. However, fluconazole is cost-effective, widely available, and harmless with regard to its side effects. However, fluconazole is a fungistatic agent that has contributed considerably to the increase in fungal resistance and frequent relapses in patients with cryptococcal meningitis. Therefore, there is an unquestionable need to identify new alternatives or adjuvants to conventional drugs for the treatment of cryptococcosis. A potential antifungal agent should be able to kill cryptococci and "bypass" the virulence mechanism of the yeast. Furthermore, it should have fungicidal action, low toxicity, high selectivity, easily penetrate the central nervous system, and widely available. In this review, we describe cryptococcosis, its conventional therapy, and failures arising from the use of drugs traditionally considered to be the reference standard. Additionally, we present the approaches used for the discovery of new drugs to counteract cryptococcosis, ranging from the conventional screening of natural products to the inclusion of structural modifications to optimize anticryptococcal activity, as well as drug repositioning and combined therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hagen Frickmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Vinícius Guimarães Lacerda
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Leônidas & Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, AM, Brasil
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | - João Vicente Braga de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede BIONORTE, Manaus, AM, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brasil
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Septama AW, Tasfiyati AN, Rahmi EP, Jantan I, Dewi RT, Jaisi A. Antibacterial, bacteriolytic, and antibiofilm activities of the essential oil of temu giring ( Curcuma heyneana Val.) against foodborne pathogens. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2023:10820132231178060. [PMID: 37218156 DOI: 10.1177/10820132231178060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens may cause foodborne illness, which is among the major health problems worldwide. Since the therapeutic options for the treatment of the disease are becoming limited as a result of antibacterial resistance, there is an increasing interest to search for new alternatives of antibacterial. Bioactive essential oils from Curcuma sp become potential sources of novel antibacterial substances. The antibacterial activity of Curcuma heyneana essential oil (CHEO) was evaluated against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella sonnei, and Bacillus cereus. The principal constituents of CHEO are ar-turmerone, β-turmerone, α-zingiberene, α-terpinolene, 1,8-cineole, and camphor. CHEO exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against E. coli with a MIC of 3.9 µg/mL, which is comparable to that of tetracycline. The combination of CHEO (0.97 µg/mL) and tetracycline (0.48 µg/mL) produced a synergistic effect with a FICI of 0.37. Time-kill assay confirmed that CHEO enhanced the activity of tetracycline. The mixture disrupted membrane permeability of E. coli and induced cell death. CHEO at MIC of 3.9 and 6.8 µg/mL significantly reduced the formation of biofilm in E. coli. The findings suggest that CHEO has the potential to be an alternative source of antibacterial agents against foodborne pathogens, particularly E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdi Wira Septama
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Banten, Indonesia
| | - Aprilia Nur Tasfiyati
- Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Banten, Indonesia
| | - Eldiza Puji Rahmi
- Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Rizna Triana Dewi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Banten, Indonesia
| | - Amit Jaisi
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Thailand
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Triterpenoid and Steroid Content of Lipophilic Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants of the Mediterranean Region. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020697. [PMID: 36677757 PMCID: PMC9866667 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The available phytochemical characteristics of the medicinal plants and derived herbal material often lack data concerning the content of steroids (including phytosterols) and triterpenoids, that can be responsible for various beneficial properties and therapeutic effects, either directly, or as a result of synergistic action with other bioactive constituents. The aim of the present work was the analysis of the content of these compounds in herbal material (leaves, aerial parts) derived from selected medicinal plants (Cistus ladanifer, Cistus monspeliensis, Erica arborea, Globularia alypum, Pistacia lentiscus, Rhamnus alaternus), widely used in folk medicine in the Mediterranean region. Results obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-targeted profiling revealed the diversity in the profiles and contents of steroids and triterpenoids in the analyzed plant material, ranging from 5.7% d.w. in E. arborea to 0.1% in G. alypum. The obtained results supplement the existing phytochemical data of the investigated medicinal plants, pointing to the E. arborea aerial parts and P. lentiscus leaves as valuable resources of phytosterols and bioactive triterpenoids.
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Cao Z, Zhou D, Ge X, Luo Y, Su J. The role of essential oils in maintaining the postharvest quality and preservation of peach and other fruits. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14513. [PMID: 36385402 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fruits are highly susceptible to postharvest losses induced majorly by postharvest diseases. Peach are favored by consumers because of their high nutritional value and delicious taste. However, it was easy to be affected by fungal infection. The current effective method to control postharvest diseases of fruits is to use chemical fungicides, but these chemicals may cause adverse effects on human health and the residual was potentially harmful to nature and the environment. So, it is especially important to develop safe, non-toxic, and highly effective strategies for the preservation of the fruits. Essential oil, as a class of the natural bacterial inhibitor, has been proven to exhibit strong antibacterial activity, low toxicity, environmental friendliness, and induce fruit resistance to microorganism, which could be recognized as one of the alternatives to chemical fungicides. This paper reviews the research progress of essential oils (Eos) in the storage and preservation of fruits, especially the application in peach, as well as the application in active packaging such as edible coatings, microcapsules, and electrospinning loading. Electrospinning can prepare a variety of nanofibers from different viscoelastic polymer solutions, and has broad application prospects. The paper especially summarizes the application of the new Eos technology on peach. The essential oil with thymol, eugenol, and carvacrol as the main components has a better inhibitory effect on the postharvest disease of peaches, and can be further applied. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: As an environmentally friendly natural antibacterial agent, essential oil can be used as a substitute for chemical preservatives to keep fruits fresh. This paper summarizes the different preservation methods of essential oils for fruits, and especially summarizes the different preservation methods of essential oils for peaches after harvesting, as well as their inhibitory effects on pathogenic fungi. It could provide ideas for preservation of fruits and vegetables by essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Cao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Ge
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Luo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Su
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Zhang J, Zhao Z, Liang W, Bi J, Zheng Y, Gu X, Fang H. Essential oil from Sabina chinensis leaves: A promising green control agent against Fusarium sp. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1006303. [PMID: 36438150 PMCID: PMC9691992 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1006303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sabina chinensis is a woody plant with important ecological functions in different regions of China, but its essential oils (EO) against plant pathogenic fungi remain largely undetermined. The purpose of our study was to assess the chemical composition and antifungal activity of S. chinensis EO based on optimization of the extraction process. In this study, an actionable and effective model with the experimental results and identified optimum conditions (crushing degree of 20 mesh, liquid-solid ratio of 10.1:1, immersion time of 9.1 h) was established successfully to achieve an extraction yield of 0.54%, which was basically consistent with the theoretical value. A total of 26 compounds were identified using headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and showed that the major constituent was β-phellandrene (26.64-39.26%), followed by terpinen-4-ol (6.53-11.89%), bornyl acetate (6.13-10.53%), etc. For Petri plate assays, our experiments found for the first time that S. chinensis EO revealed high and long-term antifungal activity against the tested strains, including Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium incarnatum, at EC50 values of 1.42 and 1.15 µL/mL, which especially reached approximately 76% and 90% growth inhibition at a dose of 0.2 µL/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the antifungal activity of EO from different harvest periods showed remarkable variation. The orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) method revealed 11 metabolites with chemical marker components, and 5 of its potential antifungal activities, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, α-elemol, γ-eudesmol, and bornyl acetate, were strongly correlated with the mycelial inhibition rate. In total, this study explored the antifungal activity of EO against root rot fungus as a potential fungicide and provided valuable information into developing potential products from natural agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ziyi Zhao
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyu Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingyi Bi
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuguang Zheng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xian Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huiyong Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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Fabrication and Optimization of Essential-Oil-Loaded Nanoemulsion Using Box-Behnken Design against Staphylococos aureus and Staphylococos epidermidis Isolated from Oral Cavity. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081640. [PMID: 36015266 PMCID: PMC9416493 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral bacterial infections are fairly common in patients with diabetes mellitus; however, due to limited treatment options, herbal medicines are considered an alternate solution. This study aimed to formulate a stable essential-oil-loaded nanoemulsion for the treatment of oral bacterial infections. Essential oils from edible sources including coriander, clove, cinnamon and cardamom were extracted by hydrodistillation. The response surface methodology was used to optimize the nanoemulsion formulation by applying the Box–Behnken design. The oil concentration, surfactant concentration and stirring speed were three independent factors, and particle size and polydispersity index were two responses. The particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of the optimized formulation were 130 mm, 0.222 and −22.9, respectively. The ATR-FTIR analysis revealed that there was no incompatibility between the active ingredients and the excipients. A significant release profile in active ingredients of nanoemulsion, i.e., 88.75% of the cinnamaldehyde and 89.33% of eugenol, was recorded after 24 h. In the ex vivo goat mucosal permeation study, 71.67% of the cinnamaldehyde permeated and that of the eugenol 70.75% from the nanoemulsion. The optimized formulation of the essential-oil-loaded nanoemulsion showed a 9 mm zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, whereas in anti-quorum sensing analysis, the optimized nanoemulsion formulation showed an 18 mm zone of inhibition. It was concluded that formulated essential-oil-loaded nanoemulsion can be used against S. epidermidis and S. aureus infections in oral cavity.
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Phytochemical profile, in vivo anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities of the aqueous extract from aerial parts of Cistus ladanifer L. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 219:114960. [PMID: 35914506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cistus ladanifer L. is a Mediterranean shrub, well recognized for its many pharmacological properties. The present study aimed to investigate the phytochemical profile, the in vivo anti-inflammatory and the wound healing activities of the aqueous extract from its aerial parts (AECL). The in vivo anti-inflammatory and the wound healing properties were evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw edema (CAECL) and burn wound in rats, respectively. The results showed that six compounds belonging to flavonoids and tannins were identified in the AECL extract. Moreover, the AECL administrated orally at a dose of 500 mg/kg significantly reduced edema with a percentage of 72 % in terms of inflammation inhibition, using indomethacin as reference drug. On the other hand, when administrated topically, both doses of CAECL cream (5 % and 10 %) manifested a significant anti-inflammatory action using diclofenac as reference drug with a percentage reduction of inflammation that reached 85 % (CAECL-10). As far as wound healing is concerned, the CAECL showed higher effect at a dose of 10 % (CAECL-10) producing a wound contraction of 96 %, similar to that of the reference drug. The findings of the present study indicate that the aqueous extract from aerial parts of Cistus ladanifer L. display strongly anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects to be advantageously used for medical purposes.
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Rivera D, Verde A, Fajardo Rodríguez J, Ríos S, Alcaraz F, Cárceles C, Ortíz J, Valdés A, Ruíz-Gallardo JR, García-Flores A, Palazón JA, Obón C. Ethnoveterinary Medicine and Ethnopharmacology in the Main Transhumance Areas of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:866132. [PMID: 35591874 PMCID: PMC9113055 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.866132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we document the practices of ethnoveterinary medicine and ethnopharmacology in the context of traditional transhumance routes that cross Castilla La Mancha from north to south. Transhumance is a type of grazing system that allows advantage to be taken of winter pastures (wintering places) and summer pastures by seasonal movement, twice a year, of cattle and their shepherds. Our study is based on over 200 interviews (from 1994 to 2021) conducted in 86 localities along eight major transhumance routes “cañadas reales” and 25 other minor transhumance routes, and involved 210 informants, 89 single and 121 groups, and 562 individuals, of which the majority were men. Sixty-three recorded pathologies and their treatments are discussed. Two hundred and two species and substances, belonging to 92 different families, have been recorded from the interviews, of which most are plants. Amid the toxic plant species, the most cited in the interviews are Erophaca baetica (L.) Boiss., Lupinus angustifolius L., and Oenanthe crocata L. Some of the species reported as toxic were reservoirs of pathogens or markers for dangerous areas. One of the fields most widely covered in our study is that of prevention, protection, and control of endo- and ectoparasites. This control is carried out mainly by means of aromatic plants. As a polyvalent species, Daphne gnidium L. is outstanding, and it contributes one-tenth of the records of our study. Among the species of fundamentally therapeutic use, Cistus ladanifer L. stands out by far. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) based on the repertories of ingredients, separates the routes whose most important sections run through siliceous terrain with its characteristic flora, especially in the provinces of Ciudad Real and Toledo, from the routes that run through the limestone terrain of Albacete and Cuenca, and link the Eastern Mancha and the “Serranía de Cuenca” with Andalusia and the Spanish Levant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Rivera
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Diego Rivera
| | - Alonso Verde
- Grupo de Investigación en Botánica, Etnobiología y Educación, Laboratorio de Sistemática y Etnobotánica, Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Jardín Botánico de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - José Fajardo Rodríguez
- Grupo de Investigación en Botánica, Etnobiología y Educación, Laboratorio de Sistemática y Etnobotánica, Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Jardín Botánico de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Segundo Ríos
- Biological Research Station-Botanical Garden of Torretes, Institute of Biodiversity CIBIO, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Alcaraz
- Grupo de Investigación en Botánica, Etnobiología y Educación, Laboratorio de Sistemática y Etnobotánica, Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Jardín Botánico de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Carlos Cárceles
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juana Ortíz
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Arturo Valdés
- Grupo de Investigación en Botánica, Etnobiología y Educación, Laboratorio de Sistemática y Etnobotánica, Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Jardín Botánico de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Jose Reyes Ruíz-Gallardo
- Grupo de Investigación en Botánica, Etnobiología y Educación, Laboratorio de Sistemática y Etnobotánica, Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Jardín Botánico de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Aida García-Flores
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Antonio Palazón
- Departamento de Ecología e Hidrología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Concepción Obón
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO), Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Orihuela, Spain
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15
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Essential oils and its antibacterial, antifungal and anti-oxidant activity applications: A review. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Tagnaout I, Zerkani H, Hadi N, El Moumen B, El Makhoukhi F, Bouhrim M, Al-Salahi R, Nasr FA, Mechchate H, Zair T. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Thymus broussonetii Boiss and Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmann and Link Essential Oils. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070954. [PMID: 35406936 PMCID: PMC9003487 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thymus capitatus and Thymus broussonnetii are two Moroccan endemic medicinal plants used traditionally by the local population. The present study aims to investigate their essential oil chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The chemical composition of the essential oils was determined using the GC-MS analysis, the antioxidant activity assessed using DPPH and FRAP methods while the antimicrobial activity was evaluated against nine bacteria species tested (Enterococcus faecalis, Serratia fonticola, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella oxytoca, sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae, sensitive Escherichia coli, resistant Escherichia coli, resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter aerogenes). The major identified compounds of T. capitatus essential oil where carvacrol (75%) and p-cymene (10.58%) while carvacrol (60.79%), thymol (12.9%), p-cymene (6.21%) and γ-terpinene (4.47%) are the main compounds in T. broussonnetii essential oil. The bioactivity of the essential oils of the two species of thyme was explained by their richness in oxygenated monoterpenes known for their great effectiveness with an IC50 of 3.48 ± 0.05 and 4.88 ± 0.04 μL/mL and EC50 of 0.12 ± 0.01 and 0.20 ± 0.02 μL/mL in the DPPH and FRAP assays, respectively, with an important antibacterial activity. These results encourage the use of these plants as a source of natural antioxidants, and antibacterial additives, to protect food from oxidative damage and to eliminate bacteria that are responsible for nosocomial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Tagnaout
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (H.Z.); (N.H.); (B.E.M.); (F.E.M.); (M.B.); (T.Z.)
- Correspondence: (I.T.); (H.M.)
| | - Hannou Zerkani
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (H.Z.); (N.H.); (B.E.M.); (F.E.M.); (M.B.); (T.Z.)
| | - Nadia Hadi
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (H.Z.); (N.H.); (B.E.M.); (F.E.M.); (M.B.); (T.Z.)
| | - Bouchra El Moumen
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (H.Z.); (N.H.); (B.E.M.); (F.E.M.); (M.B.); (T.Z.)
| | - Fadoua El Makhoukhi
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (H.Z.); (N.H.); (B.E.M.); (F.E.M.); (M.B.); (T.Z.)
- Laboratoire Centre Eau, Ressources Naturelles, Environnement Et Développement Durable, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V, Rabat B.P. 8007, Rabat 10000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bouhrim
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (H.Z.); (N.H.); (B.E.M.); (F.E.M.); (M.B.); (T.Z.)
| | - Rashad Al-Salahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahd A. Nasr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamza Mechchate
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: (I.T.); (H.M.)
| | - Touriya Zair
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (H.Z.); (N.H.); (B.E.M.); (F.E.M.); (M.B.); (T.Z.)
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Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Manetti ex Carrière Essential Oil Alleviates Pain and Inflammation with No Toxicity in Rodent. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Manetti ex Carrière is an endemic tree with spiritual value, and it was used since immemorial time in folk medicine. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin tests) and analgesic effects (hot plate and acetic acid writhing tests) of the cedarwood essential oil, as well as inspect any toxicity (acute toxicity), using several in vivo assays. Following the acetic acid writhing test and the hot plate test, the EO presented an excellent analgesic effect compared to the controls, especially with the dose of 50 mg/kg. Similar results were found while assessing the anti-inflammatory potential in the carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin assays. The acute toxicity assessment and the subsequent monitoring of the animals, the biochemical analysis, and the relative organ weight, demonstrated a total safety of the EO. The GC/MS analysis of the composition revealed that the major compounds contained in this EO are beta-himachalene (51.95%), followed by alpha-himachalene (15.82%), and gamma-himachalene (12.15%). This study supports the usage of this tree EO to alleviate pain and inflammation.
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Ouedrhiri W, Mechchate H, Moja S, Baudino S, Saleh A, Al Kamaly OM, Grafov A, Greche H. Optimized Antibacterial Effects in a Designed Mixture of Essential Oils of Myrtus communis, Artemisia herba-alba and Thymus serpyllum for Wide Range of Applications. Foods 2022; 11:foods11010132. [PMID: 35010259 PMCID: PMC8750683 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the combination of molecules influences their biological effects, and interesting outcomes can be obtained from different component interactions. Using a mixture design method, this research seeks to simulate the efficacy of essential oil combinations against various bacteria and forecast the ideal combination. The chemical compositions of Myrtus communis, Artemisia herba-alba and Thymus serpyllum essential oils were analyzed using CG/MS. Then, the combined antibacterial effects were evaluated by testing mixture design formulations using the microdilution bioassay. The main compounds detected for M. communis essential oil were myrtenyl acetate (33.67%), linalool (19.77%) and 1,8-cineole (10.65%). A. herba-alba had piperitone as a chemotype, representing 85%. By contrast, the T. serpyllum oil contained thymol (17.29%), γ-terpinene (18.31%) and p-cymene (36.15%). The antibacterial effect of the essential oils studied, and the optimum mixtures obtained were target strain-dependent. T. serpyllum alone ensured the optimal inhibition against S. aureus and E. coli, while a ternary mixture consisting of 17.1%, 39.6% and 43.1% of M. communis, A. herba-alba and T. serpyllum respectively, was associated with optimal inhibitory activity against B. subtilis. The outcome of this research supports the idea of the boosting effect of essential oil combinations toward better activities, giving better understanding of the usefulness of mixture designs for food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessal Ouedrhiri
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Correspondence: (W.O.); (H.M.)
| | - Hamza Mechchate
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Correspondence: (W.O.); (H.M.)
| | - Sandrine Moja
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, BVpam, FRE3727, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (S.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Sylvie Baudino
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, BVpam, FRE3727, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (S.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Asmaa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (O.M.A.K.)
| | - Omkulthom M. Al Kamaly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (O.M.A.K.)
| | - Andriy Grafov
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Hassane Greche
- National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Taounate BP 159, Morocco;
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Radi FZ, Bouhrim M, Mechchate H, Al-zahrani M, Qurtam AA, Aleissa AM, Drioiche A, Handaq N, Zair T. Phytochemical Analysis, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Thymus zygis L. and Thymus willdenowii Boiss. Essential Oils. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:plants11010015. [PMID: 35009019 PMCID: PMC8747066 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are chemical products produced by odoriferous glands from a variety of plants. These essential oils have many health benefits: antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. So due to these medicinal properties, the present study was designed to analyze essential oils of Thymus zygis L. and Thymus willdenowii Boiss. for their chemical composition and biological activities. These two thyme species were collected from the region of Ifrane, Middle Atlas of Morocco. The EO was obtained by hydrodistillation, and the yields were 5.25% for T. zygis and 3.00% for T. willdenowii. The chemical composition of the EOs was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the results showed that T. zygis EO is dominated by carvacrol (52.5%), o-cymene (23.14%), and thymol (9.68%), while the EO of T. willdenowii contains germacrene D (16.51%), carvacrol (16.19%), and geranyl acetate (8.35%) as major compounds. The antioxidant activity assessed by Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays revealed that both EOs have excellent antioxidant activities; by DPPH it resulted in IC50 = 6.13 ± 0.11 for T. zygis and 6.78 ± 0.3 µg/mL for T. willdenowii, while the one by FRAP yielded EC50 = 2.46 ± 0.01 (T. zygis) and 5.17 ± 0.2 (T. willdenowii) µg/mL. The antimicrobial activity of the two essential oils was evaluated against six bacterial strains and five fungal strains by the disk diffusion method to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC). The EOs revealed variable antimicrobial activities against the different tested microbial strains and showed strong antimicrobial activities, even against strains known as multi-resistant to antibiotics (Acinetobacter baumannii) at low concentrations (2 µL/mL). T. zygis EO showed the most powerful activity against all the studied bacteria, while that of T. willdenowii recorded moderate activity when tested against Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella Typhi. With inhibition diameters that vary between 75 mm and 84 mm for concentrations of 2 µL/mL up to 12 µL/mL, S. aureus was shown to be the most sensitive to T. zygis EO. For the antifungal activity test, T. zygis EO showed the best inhibition diameters compared to T. willdenowii EO. These results showed that T. zygis EO has more powerful antioxidant and antimicrobial activities than T. willdenowii EO, therefore, we deduce that thyme EOs are excellent antioxidants, they have strong antimicrobial properties, and may in the future represent new sources of natural antiseptics that can be used in pharmaceutical and food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima zahrae Radi
- Research Team of Chemistry Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratoire des Matériaux Innovants et Biothenologie des Resources Naturelles, University Moulay Ismaïl of Meknes-Faculty of Sciences, Meknes 50000, Morocco; (F.z.R.); (M.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.)
| | - Mohamed Bouhrim
- Research Team of Chemistry Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratoire des Matériaux Innovants et Biothenologie des Resources Naturelles, University Moulay Ismaïl of Meknes-Faculty of Sciences, Meknes 50000, Morocco; (F.z.R.); (M.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.)
| | - Hamza Mechchate
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (T.Z.)
| | - Mohammed Al-zahrani
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.-z.); (A.A.Q.)
| | - Ashraf Ahmed Qurtam
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.-z.); (A.A.Q.)
| | | | - Aziz Drioiche
- Research Team of Chemistry Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratoire des Matériaux Innovants et Biothenologie des Resources Naturelles, University Moulay Ismaïl of Meknes-Faculty of Sciences, Meknes 50000, Morocco; (F.z.R.); (M.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.)
| | - Nadia Handaq
- Research Team of Chemistry Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratoire des Matériaux Innovants et Biothenologie des Resources Naturelles, University Moulay Ismaïl of Meknes-Faculty of Sciences, Meknes 50000, Morocco; (F.z.R.); (M.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.)
| | - Touriya Zair
- Research Team of Chemistry Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratoire des Matériaux Innovants et Biothenologie des Resources Naturelles, University Moulay Ismaïl of Meknes-Faculty of Sciences, Meknes 50000, Morocco; (F.z.R.); (M.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.)
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (T.Z.)
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El Ouahdani K, Es-safi I, Mechchate H, Al-zahrani M, Qurtam AA, Aleissa M, Bari A, Bousta D. Thymus algeriensis and Artemisia herba-alba Essential Oils: Chemical Analysis, Antioxidant Potential and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic Activities, and Acute Toxicity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226780. [PMID: 34833872 PMCID: PMC8625911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of bioactive molecules of natural origin is a focus of current research. Thymus algeriensis and Artemisia herba-alba are two medicinal plants widely used by the Moroccan population in the traditional treatment of several pathologies linked to inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the single and combined antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the essential oils extracted from these two medicinal plants, and also their potential toxicity. Essential oils were extracted using hydro-distillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by two methods: the scavenging of the free radical DPPH, and the reduction in iron. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by evaluating the edema development induced by carrageenan injecting, while the analgesic power was evaluated according to the number of abdominal contortions induced by the intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid (0.7%). The acute oral toxicity was performed to assess the potential toxicity of the studied EOs, followed by an analysis of the blood biochemical parameters. The results of the two antioxidant tests indicated that our extract mixture exhibits good iron reduction capacity and very interesting DPPH free radical scavenging power, with an IC50 of around 4.38 ± 0.98 μg/mL higher than that of the benchmark antioxidant, BHT. The anti-inflammatory test demonstrated that the mixture administered orally at a dose of 150 mg/kg has a better activity, exceeding that of 1% Diclofenac, with a percentage of maximum inhibition of the edema of 89.99 ± 4.08. The number of cramps in the mice treated with the mixture at a dose of 150 mg/kg is significantly lower (29.80 ± 1.92) than those of the group treated with Tramadol (42.00 ± 2.70), respectively. The toxicity results show no signs of toxicity with an LD50 greater than 150 mg/Kg. These interesting results show that the two plants’ EOs had an important anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activity, and also a powerful synergistic effect, which encourages further in-depth investigations on their pharmacological proprieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija El Ouahdani
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food and Health (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Fez B.P. 1796, Morocco; (K.E.O.); (H.M.); (A.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Imane Es-safi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food and Health (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Fez B.P. 1796, Morocco; (K.E.O.); (H.M.); (A.B.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hamza Mechchate
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food and Health (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Fez B.P. 1796, Morocco; (K.E.O.); (H.M.); (A.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Mohammed Al-zahrani
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.-z.); (A.A.Q.); (M.A.)
| | - Ashraf Ahmed Qurtam
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.-z.); (A.A.Q.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Aleissa
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.-z.); (A.A.Q.); (M.A.)
| | - Amina Bari
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food and Health (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Fez B.P. 1796, Morocco; (K.E.O.); (H.M.); (A.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Dalila Bousta
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food and Health (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Fez B.P. 1796, Morocco; (K.E.O.); (H.M.); (A.B.); (D.B.)
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