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de Menezes MLP, Cruz KS, Ogusku MM, da Silva BKNI, Alves MJ, Grisolia ME, Gonçalves MJF, de Souza JVB, Jackisch-Matsuura AB. Histoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS patients in Amazonas, Northern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01277-2. [PMID: 38368282 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Histoplasmosis is commonly observed in AIDS patients as a neglected opportunistic disease that has an important relationship with environmental factors. The present study described the clinical characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients diagnosed with disseminated histoplasmosis in a tertiary healthcare facility in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, and evaluated the patients' homes and urban environmental samples as a source of exposure to Histoplasma capsulatum. A review of medical records from 2017 to 2019 of patients with HIV/AIDS associated with histoplasmosis was carried out, as well as the collection of environmental samples in the homes of these patients. These samples were subjected to DNA extraction and then subjected to qPCR. A total of 62 patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and histoplasmosis were identified, which corresponds to 4.5% (n = 62/1372) of the HIV/AIDS cases detected in the period. Of these, 68% (n = 42/62) were male, with a mean age of 36 years and low education. In 47% (n = 29/62) of the cases, the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS and histoplasmosis occurred simultaneously. Mortality was 45% (n = 28/62), and 68% (n = 42/62) of these patients did not regularly use highly active antiretroviral therapy. The main symptoms found were respiratory, gastrointestinal, and weight loss, and in 81% (n = 50/62), the place of residence was in an urban area. A total of 57 environmental samples were analyzed, and the presence of Histoplasma capsulatum was not detected in any of the analyzed samples. There was a high mortality rate in the studied group of patients with AIDS and histoplasmosis. Most patients reported residing in urban areas of Manaus, with no history of travel to other areas previously known as being high risk for histoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Larissa Pereira de Menezes
- Laboratório de Diversidade Microbiana da Amazônia Com Importância Para a Saúde, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - FIOCRUZ, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Condições de Vida E Situações de Saúde Na Amazônia (PPGVIDA) - ILMD/FIOCRUZ, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Katia Santana Cruz
- Laboratório de Micologia Médica, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Morishi Ogusku
- Laboratório de Micobacteriologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Marla Jalene Alves
- Laboratório de Diversidade Microbiana da Amazônia Com Importância Para a Saúde, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - FIOCRUZ, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Grisolia
- Laboratório de Diversidade Microbiana da Amazônia Com Importância Para a Saúde, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - FIOCRUZ, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ani Beatriz Jackisch-Matsuura
- Laboratório de Diversidade Microbiana da Amazônia Com Importância Para a Saúde, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - FIOCRUZ, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
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Magalhães PO, de Souza JVB, Pinho DB. Editorial: Endophytic fungi producers of biomolecules of interest to human health. Front Fungal Biol 2024; 5:1239470. [PMID: 38357326 PMCID: PMC10861760 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2024.1239470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Pérola O. Magalhães
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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da Silva BKNI, Alves Cortez AC, Oliveira LA, de Almeida JDR, de Souza ÉS, Cruz KS, Jackisch Matsuura AB, Ogusku MM, Solórzano Chavarría KJ, Baía-da-Silva D, Bassat Q, Guimarães Lacerda MV, Frickmann H, de Souza JVB. Design and optimization of an improved qPCR assay for the detection of Histoplasma capsulatum. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2023; 13:37-44. [PMID: 37738109 PMCID: PMC10578137 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2023.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed at improving a real-time polymerase-chain-reaction (qPCR) assay for the detection of Histoplasma capsulatum, a fungal pathogen that can cause severe respiratory infections in humans, in clinical and soil samples. Methods Primer and probes were in-silico designed, in-silico and in-vitro evaluated including clinical biopsy materials and finally subjected to a real-world application with collected soil samples. Results Applying the qPCR assay with liver and lung biopsies from 71 patients each, including 59 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as well as with Sabouraud (SAB) agar culture as the diagnostic reference standard, diagnostic accuracy of the qPCR assay of 100% (5/5) sensitivity and 96% (63/66) specificity for liver samples and 100% (4/4) sensitivity and 94% (63/67) specificity for the lung samples was recorded. When applying the assay with soil samples from caves near of Presidente Figueiredo city, Amazonas, Brazil, one sample from the Maroaga cave was confirmed as positive. Conclusions The improved qPCR assessed in this study was successful in detecting H. capsulatum with high efficiency and accuracy in in-vitro evaluation, including the identification of the target pathogen in both clinical and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Katia Santana Cruz
- Medical Mycology Laboratory, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado-FMT-HVD, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ani Beatriz Jackisch Matsuura
- Microbial Diversity Laboratory of the Amazon with Health Importance, Leônidas and Maria Deane Institute-Fiocruz-AM, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Morishi Ogusku
- Mycobacteriology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia–INPA, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Karolina Jeaneth Solórzano Chavarría
- Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado-FMT-HVD, Manaus, Brazil
- Carlos Borborema Clinical Research Unit, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado-FMT-HVD, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Djane Baía-da-Silva
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Amazonas-UFAM, Manaus, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado-FMT-HVD, Manaus, Brazil
- Carlos Borborema Clinical Research Unit, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado-FMT-HVD, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto Leônidas Maria Deane- ILMD, Fiocruz-AM, Manaus, Brazil
- Pharmacy Faculty, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Quique Bassat
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 080100Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcus Vinícius Guimarães Lacerda
- Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado-FMT-HVD, Manaus, Brazil
- Carlos Borborema Clinical Research Unit, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado-FMT-HVD, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto Leônidas Maria Deane- ILMD, Fiocruz-AM, Manaus, Brazil
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | - Hagen Frickmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
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Sousa NSOD, Almeida JDRD, Frickmann H, Lacerda MVG, Souza JVBD. Searching for new antifungals for the treatment of cryptococcosis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2023; 56:e01212023. [PMID: 37493736 PMCID: PMC10367226 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0121-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a consensus that the antifungal repertoire for the treatment of cryptococcal infections is limited. Standard treatment involves the administration of an antifungal drug derived from natural sources (i.e., amphotericin B) and two other drugs developed synthetically (i.e., flucytosine and fluconazole). Despite treatment, the mortality rates associated with fungal cryptococcosis are high. Amphotericin B and flucytosine are toxic, require intravenous administration, and are usually unavailable in low-income countries because of their high cost. However, fluconazole is cost-effective, widely available, and harmless with regard to its side effects. However, fluconazole is a fungistatic agent that has contributed considerably to the increase in fungal resistance and frequent relapses in patients with cryptococcal meningitis. Therefore, there is an unquestionable need to identify new alternatives or adjuvants to conventional drugs for the treatment of cryptococcosis. A potential antifungal agent should be able to kill cryptococci and "bypass" the virulence mechanism of the yeast. Furthermore, it should have fungicidal action, low toxicity, high selectivity, easily penetrate the central nervous system, and widely available. In this review, we describe cryptococcosis, its conventional therapy, and failures arising from the use of drugs traditionally considered to be the reference standard. Additionally, we present the approaches used for the discovery of new drugs to counteract cryptococcosis, ranging from the conventional screening of natural products to the inclusion of structural modifications to optimize anticryptococcal activity, as well as drug repositioning and combined therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hagen Frickmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Vinícius Guimarães Lacerda
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Leônidas & Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, AM, Brasil
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | - João Vicente Braga de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede BIONORTE, Manaus, AM, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brasil
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Segundo WOPF, de Oliveira RS, Lima RM, Santiago PAL, de Oliveira LA, Cortez ACA, Lima ES, de Souza ÉS, Frickmann H, de Souza JVB. Antimicrobial Potential of Metabolites in Fungal Strains Isolated from a Polluted Stream: Annulohypoxylon stygium WL1B5 Produces Metabolites against Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Positive Escherichia coli. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010027. [PMID: 36671231 PMCID: PMC9855114 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistance in bacterial pathogens is a growing public health concern requiring solutions including the discovery of new antimicrobial drugs. Fungi have been used for decades as a source of antimicrobials. Ongoing screenings for newly characterized fungal strains producing antimicrobials include environments that are difficult to access like the deep sea, glaciers, wastewaters and environments polluted due to human activity. In the present study, fungal microorganisms were isolated from water samples taken from a polluted stream in the city of Manaus, AM, Brazil, and screened for antimicrobial effects against Escherichia coli. Using extracts from five isolates (Annulohypoxylon stygium WL1B5, Colletotrichum fructicola WL3B9, Clonostachys rosea WL5B18, Clonostachys rosea WL8B28 and Trichoderma harzianum WL9B49), antimicrobial activity against the reference strains Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 as well as E. coli NCTC 13353, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-positive strain, was observed. Inhibition zones ranged from 1 to 35.9 mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration of 400 µg/mL could be demonstrated. Assessments of the metabolites of Annulohypoxylon stygium WL1B5 allowed us to identify nodulisporone and daidzein, which have already been associated with antimicrobial activity. The findings confirm the feasibility of isolating fungal strains from polluted sites producing metabolites that can serve as potential future alternatives for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Oliva Pinto Filho Segundo
- Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the Bionorte Network (PPG-BIONORTE), Amazonas State University (UEA), Manaus 69065-001, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Rildo Mendes Lima
- Central Public Health Laboratory of the State of Amazonas (LACEN/AM), Manaus 69020-040, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Aires de Oliveira
- Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the Bionorte Network (PPG-BIONORTE), Amazonas State University (UEA), Manaus 69065-001, AM, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Alves Cortez
- Mycology Laboratory, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil
| | - Emerson Silva Lima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus 69067-005, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Hagen Frickmann
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (J.V.B.d.S.)
| | - João Vicente Braga de Souza
- Mycology Laboratory, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (J.V.B.d.S.)
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de Oliveira LA, Segundo WOPF, de Souza ÉS, Peres EG, Koolen HHF, de Souza JVB. Ascomycota as a source of natural colorants. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1199-1220. [PMID: 35616785 PMCID: PMC9433473 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00768-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, there has been a great demand for natural colorants. Synthetic colorants are known to be easy to produce, are less expensive, and remain stable when subjected to chemical and physical factors. In addition, only small amounts are required to color any material, and unwanted flavors and aromas are not incorporated into the product. Natural colorants present in food, in addition to providing color, also have biological properties and effects that aid in the prevention and cure of many diseases. The main classes of colorants produced by phylum Ascomycota include polyketides and carotenoids. A promising producer of colorants should be able to assimilate a variety of sources of carbon and nitrogen and also exhibit relative stability. The strain should not be pathogenic, and its product should not be toxic. Production processes should also provide the expected color with a good yield through simple extraction methods. Research that seeks new sources of these compounds should continue to seek products of biotechnological origin in order to be competitive with products of synthetic and plant origin. In this review, we will focus on the recent studies on the main producing species, classes, and metabolic pathways of colorants produced by this phylum, historical background, impact of synthetic colorants on human health and the environment, social demand for natural colorants and also an in-depth approach to bioprocesses (influences on production, optimization of bioprocess, extraction, and identification), and limitations and perspectives for the use of fungal-based dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Aires de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade E Biotecnologia da Rede BIONORTE, Universidade Do Estado Do Amazonas (UEA), Av. Carvalho Leal, 1777, Manaus, Amazonas, 69065-001, Brazil
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Av. André Araújo 2936, Manaus, Amazonas, 69080-971, Brazil
| | - Walter Oliva Pinto Filho Segundo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade E Biotecnologia da Rede BIONORTE, Universidade Do Estado Do Amazonas (UEA), Av. Carvalho Leal, 1777, Manaus, Amazonas, 69065-001, Brazil
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Av. André Araújo 2936, Manaus, Amazonas, 69080-971, Brazil
| | - Érica Simplício de Souza
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia, Universidade Do Estado Do Amazonas (UEA), Av. Darcy Vargas 1200, Manaus, Amazonas, 69050-020, Brazil
| | - Eldrinei Gomes Peres
- Grupo de Pesquisas Em Metabolômica E Espectrometria de Massas, Universidade Do Estado Do Amazonas (UEA), Av. Carvalho Leal, 1777, Manaus, Amazonas, 69065-001, Brazil
| | - Hector Henrique Ferreira Koolen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade E Biotecnologia da Rede BIONORTE, Universidade Do Estado Do Amazonas (UEA), Av. Carvalho Leal, 1777, Manaus, Amazonas, 69065-001, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisas Em Metabolômica E Espectrometria de Massas, Universidade Do Estado Do Amazonas (UEA), Av. Carvalho Leal, 1777, Manaus, Amazonas, 69065-001, Brazil
| | - João Vicente Braga de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade E Biotecnologia da Rede BIONORTE, Universidade Do Estado Do Amazonas (UEA), Av. Carvalho Leal, 1777, Manaus, Amazonas, 69065-001, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Av. André Araújo 2936, Manaus, Amazonas, 69080-971, Brazil.
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Jalene Alves M, Sadalla do Nascimento I, Santana Cruz K, Violeta Fernandes Menescal V, Stephanny Fernandes Menescal L, Svetlana Cavalcante Silva L, Bezerra Pinheiro S, Stephanie Pérez Gómez A, Vicente Braga de Souza J, Dos Santos Lazera M, Beatriz Jackisch Matsuura A. Cryptococcosis in HIV/AIDS patients in northern Brazil: clinical aspects, molecular types and isolation of agents from environmental samples associated with patients. Trop Med Int Health 2022; 27:387-396. [PMID: 35178835 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the state of Amazonas, northern Brazil, cryptococcosis is endemic, with a predominance of C. neoformans in individuals with HIV/AIDS, and C. gattii VGII in non-HIV individuals. The present study analyzed the clinical isolates and clinical-epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients diagnosed with cryptococcosis in a tertiary healthcare facility in Manaus, Amazonas and investigated the presence of agents of cryptococcosis in environmental samples. METHODS A survey was made of data from HIV/AIDS patients diagnosed with cryptococcosis between January 2017 and December 2019, and environmental samples were collected at the patients' and their neighbors' homes. The isolates were submitted to morphophysiological analysis and PCR-RFLP typing to determine the molecular types. RESULTS Clinical-epidemiological characteristics of 55 patients and 75 clinical isolates were analyzed. Neurocriptococcosis was the clinical form observed in 98.2% (n = 54/55) of patients. A total of 38.1% (n = 21/55) of patients died within 100 weeks, of which 21.8% (n = 12/55) died less than a month after the diagnosis of cryptococcosis. C. neoformans VNI (n = 68/75), C. neoformans VNII (n = 1/75), C. gattii VGI (n = 3/75), C. gattii VGII (n = 3/75) were identified. Mixed infection was observed in two patients, one by C. neoformans VNI and VNII and the other by C. neoformans VNI and C. gattii VGI. Cryptococcus VNI was detected in three (n= 3/51) households, one of a patient (n= 1/17) and two households that neighbor patients' houses (n= 2/34). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the prevalence of C. neoformans VNI, which is a cause of cryptococcosis in patients with HIV/AIDS in the state of Amazonas, and revealed a greater diversity of molecular types affecting these patients in the region than in previous studies. In the studied group, a high mortality rate was observed, which reflects the importance of early diagnosis, and evidences cryptococcosis as an AIDS-defining disease and an important public health problem in the region. The home environment proved to be a potential source of infection/reinfection by C. neoformans VNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla Jalene Alves
- Laboratório de Diversidade Microbiana da Amazônia com Importância para a Saúde, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - FIOCRUZ, Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Convenio ILMD/IOC - FIOCRUZ, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Izabella Sadalla do Nascimento
- Laboratório de Diversidade Microbiana da Amazônia com Importância para a Saúde, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - FIOCRUZ, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Katia Santana Cruz
- Laboratório de Micologia Médica, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Silviane Bezerra Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil.,Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Aline Stephanie Pérez Gómez
- Programa de Residência Médica em Medicina Tropical, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Viera Dourado, Manaus, Brasil
| | | | - Marcia Dos Santos Lazera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Convenio ILMD/IOC - FIOCRUZ, Manaus, Brazil.,Laboratorio de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ani Beatriz Jackisch Matsuura
- Laboratório de Diversidade Microbiana da Amazônia com Importância para a Saúde, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - FIOCRUZ, Manaus, Brazil
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de Sousa ESO, Pinheiro SB, Cortez ACA, Cruz KS, de Souza ÉS, Melhem MDSC, Frickmann H, de Souza JVB. Modifications of antifungal sensibility testing as suggested by CLSI document M27-A4: proposal for using different culture medium and buffer. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 101:115488. [PMID: 34461499 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A common strategy in antifungal susceptibility testing is the utilization of the standardized protocol based on the microbroth dilution assay approach as described by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (M27-A4). One major problem for laboratories in resource-limited countries with this protocol arises from the use of expensive culture media like RPMI-1640 and 3-N-morpholinopropanesulfonic acid (MOPS) buffer. One approach of circumventing this problem in cases of economic need is the evaluation of alternative culture media and buffers. The overall goal of this work was to investigate the influence of modifications in the protocol M27-A4 on diagnostic reliability. We performed univariate analyses evaluating (1) 2 different culture media (YNB and modified SAB); (2) three different buffers (sodium bicarbonate, Tris-HCL, and phosphate), as well as the influence of inoculum concentration (102, 103, 104, 105 cells/mL), the influence of incubation time, and the influence of the assessment mode (visual, biological dye, and spectrophotometer). Our results suggested that (1) RPMI-1640 may be substituted by modified SAB and (2) MOPS buffer may be substituted by Tris-HCl buffer for defined analyses. By comparing the CLSI protocol and the alternative protocol proposed in the present study (modified SAB and Tris-HCl buffer) for the assessment of fluconazole susceptibility of eighteen yeasts (clinical isolates), similar results with both methodologies were recorded. We feel that this study should stimulate a discussion on the feasibility and evolution of the M27-A4 protocol in order to include pragmatic alternatives for resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silviane Bezerra Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas - Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Ana Cláudia Alves Cortez
- Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia - INPA. Av. André Araújo, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Kátia Santana Cruz
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado - AM, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | | | - Marcia de Souza Carvalho Melhem
- The School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil; Departamento de Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz. Av. Dr Arnaldo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Hagen Frickmann
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - João Vicente Braga de Souza
- Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia - INPA. Av. André Araújo, Amazonas, Brasil.
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Pinheiro APG, Bücker A, Cortez AC, Hallsworth JE, de Souza JVB, de Souza ÉS. Vinegar production from <i>Theobroma grandiflorum</i> SCHUM (cupuassu). AIMSBOA 2021. [DOI: 10.3934/bioeng.2021022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
<abstract>
<p>The tropical fruit cupuassu comes from <italic>Theobroma grandiflorum</italic> (SCHUM), a close relative of cocoa. Cupuassu has a rich yet delicate flavour profile with notes of chocolate, pineapple, passion fruit and other fruits. Here, we produced a cupuassu-fruit wine using a <italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</italic> inoculum (and univariate analysis to determine conditions for optimum ethanol production) and then fermented this wine to produce a delicate and unique cupuassu vinegar using acid-acid bacteria. The cupuassu wine was produced by fermentation of juice chaptalized with sucrose, with a final ethanol concentration of 10% (v/v). Acetic-acid fermentations were carried out in both a bubble-column reactor and a mechanically non-aerated reactor (high-surface reactor), producing final concentrations of 4.5 and 3.3% (w/v) acetic acid, respectively. The ethanol- and acetic-acid yields obtained were comparable to those of other fruit wines and fruit vinegars. The cupuassu vinegar retained the rich flavor profile of the cupuassu. We believe that the production of flavorsome products from local plants can have benefits for conservation by promoting ecologically sustainable agriculture and may contribute to cultural identity of Amazon people.</p>
</abstract>
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Pinheiro SB, Sousa ES, Cortez ACA, da Silva Rocha DF, Menescal LSF, Chagas VS, Gómez ASP, Cruz KS, Santos LO, Alves MJ, Matsuura ABJ, Wanke B, Trilles L, Frickmann H, de Souza JVB. Cryptococcal meningitis in non-HIV patients in the State of Amazonas, Northern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 52:279-288. [PMID: 33025379 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening fungal infection caused by the Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii species complex. Most cases are recorded in patients suffering from HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). However, this infection also occurs in non-HIV patients with a proportion of 10-30% of all cases. The study aimed at the clinical and molecular characterization of non-HIV patients diagnosed with cryptococcosis at the Tropical Medicine Foundation (FMT-HVD) from July 2016 to June 2019. Medical records of respective patients were analyzed to describe the course of cryptococcosis in non-HIV patients. In addition, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) was applied to identify the sequence types of the isolated Cryptococcus strains, to perform phylogenetic analysis, and to evaluate the isolates' genetic relationship to global reference strains. Antifungal susceptibility profiles to amphotericin B, fluconazole, and itraconazole were assessed by broth microdilution. From a total of 7 patients, 4 were female, the age range varied between 10 and 53 years (median of 36.3 years). Cryptococcal meningitis was the common clinical manifestation (100%). The period between onset of symptoms and confirmed diagnosis ranged from 15 to 730 days (mean value of 172.9 days), and the observed mortality was 57.1%. Of note, comorbidities of the assessed cryptococcosis patients comprised hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and intestinal tuberculosis. Genotyping applying PCR-RFLP of the URA5 gene identified all clinical isolates as C. gattii genotype VGII. Using MLST, it was possible to discriminate the sequence types ST20 (n = 4), ST5 (n = 3), and the newly identified sequence type ST560 (n = 1). The antifungals amphotericin B, fluconazole, and itraconazole showed satisfactory inhibitory activity (microdilution test) against all C. gattii VGII strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviane Bezerra Pinheiro
- Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.,Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ednaira Sullany Sousa
- Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.,Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kátia Santana Cruz
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado - AM, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Bodo Wanke
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz - RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Trilles
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz - RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hagen Frickmann
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, External site at the Bernhard Nocht Institute, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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de Sousa ESO, Cortez ACA, de Souza Carvalho Melhem M, Frickmann H, de Souza JVB. Factors influencing susceptibility testing of antifungal drugs: a critical review of document M27-A4 from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1791-1800. [PMID: 32757139 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing numbers of fungal infections and the emergence of drug-resistant fungi, optimization and standardization of diagnostic methods for the measurement of antifungal susceptibility are ongoing. The M27-A4 document by the US Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) is presently used for the interpretation of minimum inhibitory concentrations of major opportunistic yeast species as measured by broth microdilution testing in many countries. Although microdilution is considered a benchmark for reproducible and accurate results, increased testing capacity, and limited human bias, the method is often inaccessible to routine clinical laboratories and researchers, especially in low-income countries. Furthermore, several studies suggest that there are still a considerable number of factors that make the estimation of in vitro activity of antifungal agents challenging. This review article summarizes the limitations of the M27-A4 standard which, despite the advances and improvements obtained by the standardization of antimicrobial resistance testing methods by CLSI, still persist.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Claúdia Alves Cortez
- Department of Medical Microbiology, National Institute for Amazonian Research - INPA, André Araújo Avenue, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marcia de Souza Carvalho Melhem
- Department of Mycology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Hagen Frickmann
- Department of Tropical Medicine at the Bernhard Nocht Institute, German Armed Forces Hospital of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - João Vicente Braga de Souza
- Department of Medical Microbiology, National Institute for Amazonian Research - INPA, André Araújo Avenue, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
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Rocha DFS, Cruz KS, Santos CSDS, Menescal LSF, Neto JRDS, Pinheiro SB, Silva LM, Trilles L, Braga de Souza JV. MLST reveals a clonal population structure for Cryptococcus neoformans molecular type VNI isolates from clinical sources in Amazonas, Northern-Brazil. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197841. [PMID: 29883489 PMCID: PMC5993295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is considered endemic in Amazonas state, occurring more frequently in individuals with AIDS, who are predominantly infected by Cryptococcus neoformans molecular type VNI. Infections by Cryptococcus gattii VGII predominate in immunocompetent hosts from the American continent and are associated with outbreaks in North America, particularly the subtypes VGIIa and VGIIb, which are also present in the Brazilian Amazon region. Despite few environmental studies, several aspects of the molecular epidemiology of this disease in Amazonas remain unclear, including the limited use of multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to evaluate the genetic population structure of clinical isolates, mainly C. neoformans. Therefore, we used MLST to identify the sequence types of 38 clinical isolates of C. neoformans VNI and C. gattii VGII and used phylogenetic analysis to evaluate their genetic relationship to global isolates. Records of 30 patients were analyzed to describe the current scenario of cryptococcosis in the region and their associations with the different subtypes. Broth microdilution was also performed to determine the susceptibility profile to the antifungals amphotericin B, fluconazole and itraconazole. MLST identified that patients with HIV (n = 26) were exclusively affected by VNI strains with ST93, and among the VGII strains (n = 4), three STs (ST5, ST172 and the new ST445) were identified. An in-hospital lethality of 54% was observed in the HIV group, and there were no significant differences in the clinical aspects of the disease between the HIV and non-HIV groups of patients. In addition, all isolates were susceptible to the antifungals tested. Therefore, in Amazonas state, VNI isolates are a genetically monotypic group, with ST93 being highly important in HIV individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernando Silva Rocha
- Medical Mycology Laboratory, Tropical Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Mycology Laboratory, Coordination of Society, Environment and Health of National Research Institute of Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Katia Santana Cruz
- Medical Mycology Laboratory, Tropical Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - João Ricardo da Silva Neto
- Medical Mycology Laboratory, Tropical Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Silviane Bezerra Pinheiro
- Mycology Laboratory, Coordination of Society, Environment and Health of National Research Institute of Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Lucyane Mendes Silva
- Mycology Laboratory, Coordination of Society, Environment and Health of National Research Institute of Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Luciana Trilles
- National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro city, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Vicente Braga de Souza
- Mycology Laboratory, Coordination of Society, Environment and Health of National Research Institute of Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Alves GSB, Freire AKL, Bentes ADS, Pinheiro JFDS, de Souza JVB, Wanke B, Matsuura T, Jackisch-Matsuura AB. Molecular typing of environmental Cryptococcus neoformans/C. gattii species complex isolates from Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Mycoses 2016; 59:509-15. [PMID: 27005969 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are the main causative agents of cryptococcosis, a systemic fungal disease that affects internal organs and skin, and which is acquired by inhalation of spores or encapsulated yeasts. It is currently known that the C. neoformans/C. gattii species complex has a worldwide distribution, however, some molecular types seem to prevail in certain regions. Few environmental studies of Cryptococcus have been conducted in the Brazilian Amazon. This is the first ecological study of the pathogenic fungi C. neoformans/C. gattii species complex in the urban area of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. A total of 506 samples from pigeon droppings (n = 191), captive bird droppings (n = 60) and tree hollows (n = 255) were collected from June 2012 to January 2014 at schools and public buildings, squares, pet shops, households, the zoo and the bus station. Samples were plated on niger seed agar (NSA) medium supplemented with chloramphenicol and incubated at 25°C for 5 days. Dark-brown colonies were isolated and tested for thermotolerance at 37°C, cycloheximide resistance and growth on canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue agar. Molecular typing was done by PCR-RFLP. Susceptibility to the antifungal drugs amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole and ketoconazole was tested using Etest(®) strips. In total, 13 positive samples were obtained: one tree hollow (C. gattiiVGII), nine pigeon droppings (C. neoformansVNI) and three captive bird droppings (C. neoformansVNI). The environmental cryptococcal isolates found in this study were of the same molecular types as those responsible for infections in Manaus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleica Soyan Barbosa Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Sociedade e Endemias na Amazônia - UFAM and CPqLMD/FIOCRUZ, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Ana Karla Lima Freire
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA) and Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Amaury Dos Santos Bentes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA) and Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bodo Wanke
- Laboratório de Micologia do Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI)/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Takeshi Matsuura
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Sousa DRTD, Santos CSDS, Wanke B, Silva Júnior RMD, Santos MCD, Cruz KS, Monte RL, Nocker A, Souza JVBD. PCR-RFLP as a useful tool for diagnosis of invasive mycoses in a healthcare facility in the North of Brazil. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Celestino JDR, Carvalho LED, Lima MDP, Lima AM, Ogusku MM, Souza JVBD. Bioprospecting of Amazon soil fungi with the potential for pigment production. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Freire AKL, dos Santos Bentes A, de Lima Sampaio I, Matsuura ABJ, Ogusku MM, Salem JI, Wanke B, de Souza JVB. Molecular characterisation of the causative agents of Cryptococcosis in patients of a tertiary healthcare facility in the state of Amazonas-Brazil. Mycoses 2012; 55:e145-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2012.02173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Moura de Lima A, Ignez Salem J, Braga de Souza JV, Alves Cortez AC, Carvalho CM, Maia Chaves FC, Da Veiga Junior VF. Effects of culture filtrates of endophytic fungi obtained from Piper aduncum L. on the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2011. [DOI: 10.2225/vol14-issue4-fulltext-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Parente JNT, Talhari C, Ginter-Hanselmayer G, Schettini APM, da Costa Eiras J, de Souza JVB, Tavares R, Buzina W, Brunasso AMG, Massone C. Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in immunocompetent patients: two new cases caused by Exophiala jeanselmei and Cladophialophora carrionii. Mycoses 2011; 54:265-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2009.01795.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
Lobomycosis is a common subcutaneous mycosis in South America. It is caused by Lacazia loboi. We report two cases of lobomycosis which were diagnosed by exfoliative cytology without any special staining. We highlight this diagnostic tool as a simple, low-cost, painless, non-invasive and fast method for the diagnosis of lobomycosis.
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Talhari C, Braga de Souza JV, Parreira VJ, Reinel D, Talhari S. Oral exfoliative cytology as a rapid diagnostic tool for paracoccidioidomycosis. Mycoses 2008; 51:177-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2007.01460.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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