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Iovinella M, Palmieri M, Papa S, Auciello C, Ventura R, Lombardo F, Race M, Lubritto C, di Cicco MR, Davis SJ, Trifuoggi M, Marano A, Ciniglia C. Biosorption of rare earth elements from luminophores by G. sulphuraria (Cyanidiophytina, Rhodophyta). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117281. [PMID: 37827370 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanides are indispensable constituents of modern technologies and are often challenging to acquire from natural resources. The demand for REEs is so high that there is a clear need to develop efficient and eco-friendly recycling methods. In the present study, freeze-dried biomass of the polyextremophile Galdieria sulphuraria was employed to recover REEs from spent fluorescent lamps (FL) luminophores by pretreating the freeze-dried biomass with an acid solution to favour ion exchange and enhance the binding sites on the cell surface available for the metal ions. Lanthanides were extracted from the luminophores using sulfuric acid solutions according to standardised procedures, and the effect of biosorbent dosage (0.5-5 mg/ml) and biosorption time (5-60 min) were evaluated. The content of individual REEs in the luminophores and the resulting algal biomass were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The most abundant REE in the luminophores was yttrium (287.42 mg/g dm, 91.60% of all REEs), followed by europium (20.98 mg/g, 6.69%); cerium, gadolinium, terbium and lanthanum was in trace. The best biosorption performances were achieved after 5 min and at the lowest biosorbent dosage (0.5 mg/mL). The highest total metal amount corresponded to 41.61 mg/g dried mass, and yttrium was the most adsorbed metal (34.59 mg/g dm, 82.88%), followed by cerium (4.01 mg/g); all other metals were less than 2 mg/g. The rapidity of the biosorption process and the low biosorbent dosage required confirmed this microalga as a promising material for creating an eco-sustainable protocol for recycling REEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iovinella
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy; Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, YO10 5DD York, UK
| | - M Palmieri
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - S Papa
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - C Auciello
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - R Ventura
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - F Lombardo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - M Race
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio, 43, 03043, Cassino, Italy
| | - C Lubritto
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - M R di Cicco
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - S J Davis
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, YO10 5DD York, UK
| | - M Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - A Marano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - C Ciniglia
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy; Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, YO10 5DD York, UK.
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Eilertsen HC, Strømholt J, Bergum JS, Eriksen GK, Ingebrigtsen R. Mass Cultivation of Microalgae: II. A Large Species Pulsing Blue Light Concept. BIOTECH 2023; 12:biotech12020040. [PMID: 37218757 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
If mass cultivation of photoautotrophic microalgae is to gain momentum and find its place in the new "green future", exceptional optimizations to reduce production costs must be implemented. Issues related to illumination should therefore constitute the main focus, since it is the availability of photons in time and space that drives synthesis of biomass. Further, artificial illumination (e.g., LEDs) is needed to transport enough photons into dense algae cultures contained in large photobioreactors. In the present research project, we employed short-term O2 production and 7-day batch cultivation experiments to evaluate the potential to reduce illumination light energy by applying blue flashing light to cultures of large and small diatoms. Our results show that large diatom cells allow more light penetration for growth compared to smaller cells. PAR (400-700 nm) scans yielded twice as much biovolume-specific absorbance for small biovolume (avg. 7070 μm3) than for large biovolume (avg. 18,703 μm3) cells. The dry weight (DW) to biovolume ratio was 17% lower for large than small cells, resulting in a DW specific absorbance that was 1.75 times higher for small cells compared to large cells. Blue 100 Hz square flashing light yielded the same biovolume production as blue linear light in both the O2 production and batch experiments at the same maximum light intensities. We therefore suggest that, in the future, more focus should be placed on researching optical issues in photobioreactors, and that cell size and flashing blue light should be central in this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Chr Eilertsen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Finnfjord AS, N-9305 Finnsnes, Norway
| | | | | | - Gunilla Kristina Eriksen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Richard Ingebrigtsen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Kharel HL, Shrestha I, Tan M, Nikookar M, Saraei N, Selvaratnam T. Cyanidiales-Based Bioremediation of Heavy Metals. BIOTECH 2023; 12:biotech12020029. [PMID: 37092473 PMCID: PMC10123701 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
With growing urbanization and ongoing development activities, the consumption of heavy metals has been increasing globally. Although heavy metals are vital for the survival of living beings, they can become hazardous when they surpass the permissible limit. The effect of heavy metals varies from normal to acute depending on the individual, so it is necessary to treat the heavy metals before releasing them into the environment. Various conventional treatment technologies have been used based on physical, chemical, and biological methods. However, due to technical and economic constraints and poor sustainability towards the environment, the use of these technologies has been limited. Microalgal-based heavy metal removal has been explored for the past few decades and has been seen as an effective, environment-friendly, and inexpensive method compared to conventional treatment technology. Cyanidiales that belong to red algae have the potential for remediation of heavy metals as they can withstand and tolerate extreme stresses of heat, acid salts, and heavy metals. Cyanidiales are the only photosynthetic organisms that can survive and thrive in acidic mine drainage, where heavy metal contamination is often prevalent. This review focuses on the algal species belonging to three genera of Cyanidiales: Cyanidioschyzon, Cyanidium, and Galdieria. Papers published after 2015 were considered in order to examine these species' efficiency in heavy metal removal. The result is summarized as maximum removal efficiency at the optimum experimental conditions and based on the parameters affecting the metal ion removal efficiency. This study finds that pH, initial metal concentration, initial algal biomass concentration, algal strains, and growth temperature are the major parameters that affect the heavy metal removal efficiency of Cyanidiales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Lal Kharel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA
| | - Ina Shrestha
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA
| | - Melissa Tan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA
| | - Mohammad Nikookar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA
| | - Negar Saraei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA
| | - Thinesh Selvaratnam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA
- Center for Advances in Water & Air Quality, College of Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA
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Manfredi C, Amoruso AJ, Ciniglia C, Iovinella M, Palmieri M, Lubritto C, El Hassanin A, Davis SJ, Trifuoggi M. Selective biosorption of lanthanides onto Galdieria sulphuraria. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 317:137818. [PMID: 36640971 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The recovering of trivalent Lanthanides from aqueous solutions, by biosorption process onto Galdieria sulphuraria lifeless cells, was investigated. Potentiometry, UV-Vis, FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and SEM-EDS analysis were used. All the experiments were performed at 25 °C, in 0.5 M NaCl. Ln3+ biosorption is greater in the 5-6 pH range with values ranging from 80 μmol/g to 130 μmol/g (dry weight). The adsorbed Ln3+ ions can be recovered at higher acidity (pH<1) and the biosorbent can be reused. Specific molecular interactions between Ln3+ ions and the functional groups on G. sulphuraria surface were highlighted. Particularly, proteins are involved if Ln3+=Pr3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Tm3+, while Ce3+, Ho3+, Er3+ form bonds with carbohydrates. Finally, both proteins and carbohydrates are involved if Gd3+ and Yb3+. A Surface Complexation approach, with a good graphical fitting to potentiometric experimental collected data, was used to describe the biosorption mechanism. This study could be of great applicative utility for removing of trivalent actinides, from waste aqueous solutions, by biosorption. As well known the lanthanides were used as model to simulate the chemical behaviour of actinides in the same oxidation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Manfredi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - A J Amoruso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - C Ciniglia
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Caserta "L.Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - M Iovinella
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Caserta "L.Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy; Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - M Palmieri
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Caserta "L.Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - C Lubritto
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Caserta "L.Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - A El Hassanin
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - S J Davis
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD, UK; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - M Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126, Naples, Italy
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Galdieria sulphuraria ACUF427 Freeze-Dried Biomass as Novel Biosorbent for Rare Earth Elements. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112138. [PMID: 36363730 PMCID: PMC9694017 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are essential components of modern technologies and are often challenging to acquire from natural resources. The demand for REEs is so high that there is a clear need to develop efficient and environmentally-friendly recycling methods. In the present study, freeze-dried cells of the extremophile Galdieria sulphuraria were employed to recover yttrium, cerium, europium, and terbium from quaternary-metal aqueous solutions. The biosorption capacity of G. sulphuraria freeze-dried algal biomass was tested at different pHs, contact times, and biosorbent dosages. All rare earths were biosorbed in a more efficient way by the lowest dose of biosorbent, at pH 4.5, within 30 min; the highest removal rate of cerium was recorded at acidic pH (2.5) and after a longer contact time, i.e., 360 min. This study confirms the potential of freeze-dried cells of G. sulphuraria as innovative ecological biosorbents in technological applications for sustainable recycling of metals from e-waste and wastewater.
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Iovinella M, Lombardo F, Ciniglia C, Palmieri M, di Cicco MR, Trifuoggi M, Race M, Manfredi C, Lubritto C, Fabbricino M, De Stefano M, Davis SJ. Bioremoval of Yttrium (III), Cerium (III), Europium (III), and Terbium (III) from Single and Quaternary Aqueous Solutions Using the Extremophile Galdieria sulphuraria (Galdieriaceae, Rhodophyta). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101376. [PMID: 35631801 PMCID: PMC9144214 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The lanthanides are among the rare earth elements (REEs), which are indispensable constituents of modern technologies and are often challenging to acquire from natural resources. The demand for REEs is so high that there is a clear need to develop efficient and environmentally-friendly recycling methods. In the present study, living cells of the extremophile Galdieria sulphuraria were used to remove four REEs, Yttrium, Cerium, Europium, and Terbium, from single- and quaternary-metal aqueous solutions. Two different strains, SAG 107.79 and ACUF 427, were exposed to solutions buffered at pH 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5. Our data demonstrated that the removal performances were strain and pH dependent for all metal ions. At lower pH, ACUF 427 outperformed SAG 107.79 considerably. By increasing the pH of the solutions, there was a significant surge in the aqueous removal performance of both strains. The same trend was highlighted using quaternary-metal solutions, even if the quantities of metal removed were significantly lower. The present study provided the first insight into the comparative removal capacity of the Galdieria sulphuraria strains. The choice of the appropriate operational conditions such as the pH of the metal solutions is an essential step in developing efficient, rapid, and straightforward biological methods for recycling REEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Iovinella
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Caserta “L.Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (C.C.); (M.P.); (M.R.d.C.); (C.L.); (M.D.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Francesco Lombardo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (F.L.); (M.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Claudia Ciniglia
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Caserta “L.Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (C.C.); (M.P.); (M.R.d.C.); (C.L.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Maria Palmieri
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Caserta “L.Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (C.C.); (M.P.); (M.R.d.C.); (C.L.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Maria Rosa di Cicco
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Caserta “L.Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (C.C.); (M.P.); (M.R.d.C.); (C.L.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (F.L.); (M.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Marco Race
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy;
| | - Carla Manfredi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (F.L.); (M.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Carmine Lubritto
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Caserta “L.Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (C.C.); (M.P.); (M.R.d.C.); (C.L.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Massimiliano Fabbricino
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Mario De Stefano
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Caserta “L.Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (C.C.); (M.P.); (M.R.d.C.); (C.L.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Seth J. Davis
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK;
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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