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Chang E, Guo W, Chen J, Zhang J, Jia Z, Tschaplinski TJ, Yang X, Jiang Z, Liu J. Chromosome-level genome assembly of Quercus variabilis provides insights into the molecular mechanism of cork thickness. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 337:111874. [PMID: 37742724 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Quercus variabilis is a deciduous woody species with high ecological and economic value, and is a major source of cork in East Asia. Cork from thick softwood sheets have higher commercial value than those from thin sheets. It is extremely difficult to genetically improve Q. variabilis to produce high quality softwood due to the lack of genomic information. Here, we present a high-quality chromosomal genome assembly for Q. variabilis with length of 791,89 Mb and 54,606 predicted genes. Comparative analysis of protein sequences of Q. variabilis with 11 other species revealed that specific and expanded gene families were significantly enriched in the "fatty acid biosynthesis" pathway in Q. variabilis, which may contribute to the formation of its unique cork. Based on weighted correlation network analysis of time-course (i.e., five important developmental ages) gene expression data in thick-cork versus thin-cork genotypes of Q. variabilis, we identified one co-expression gene module associated with the thick-cork trait. Within this co-expression gene module, 10 hub genes were associated with suberin biosynthesis. Furthermore, we identified a total of 198 suberin biosynthesis-related new candidate genes that were up-regulated in trees with a thick cork layer relative to those with a thin cork layer. Also, we found that some genes related to cell expansion and cell division were highly expressed in trees with a thick cork layer. Collectively, our results revealed that two metabolic pathways (i.e., suberin biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis), along with other genes involved in cell expansion, cell division, and transcriptional regulation, were associated with the thick-cork trait in Q. variabilis, providing insights into the molecular basis of cork development and knowledge for informing genetic improvement of cork thickness in Q. variabilis and closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 10091, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Zirui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 10091, China
| | - Timothy J Tschaplinski
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Zeping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Environment and Protection, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 10091, China.
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Su Y, Feng T, Liu CB, Huang H, Wang YL, Fu X, Han ML, Zhang X, Huang X, Wu JC, Song T, Shen H, Yang X, Xu L, Lü S, Chao DY. The evolutionary innovation of root suberin lamellae contributed to the rise of seed plants. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1968-1977. [PMID: 37932483 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01555-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Seed plants overtook ferns to become the dominant plant group during the late Carboniferous, a period in which the climate became colder and dryer1,2. However, the specific innovations driving the success of seed plants are not clear. Here we report that the appearance of suberin lamellae (SL) contributed to the rise of seed plants. We show that the Casparian strip and SL vascular barriers evolved at different times, with the former originating in the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of vascular plants and the latter in the MRCA of seed plants. Our results further suggest that most of the genes required for suberin formation arose through gene duplication in the MRCA of seed plants. We show that the appearance of the SL in the MRCA of seed plants enhanced drought tolerance through preventing water loss from the stele. We hypothesize that SL provide a decisive selective advantage over ferns in arid environments, resulting in the decline of ferns and the rise of gymnosperms. This study provides insights into the evolutionary success of seed plants and has implications for engineering drought-tolerant crops or fern varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Su
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Chu-Bin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haodong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Ling Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei-Ling Han
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Chen Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Song
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianpeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyou Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
| | - Dai-Yin Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Xue Z, Wang B, Qu C, Tao M, Wang Z, Zhang G, Zhao M, Zhao S. Response of salt stress resistance in highland barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum) through phenylpropane metabolic pathway. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286957. [PMID: 37788272 PMCID: PMC10547159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Highland barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum) is a grain crop that grows on the plateau under poor and high salt conditions. Therefore, to cultivate high-quality highland barley varieties, it is necessary to study the molecular mechanism of strong resistance in highland barley, which has not been clearly explained. In this study, a high concentration of NaCl (240 mmol/L), simulating the unfavorable environment, was used to spray the treated highland barley seeds. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the expression of more than 8,000 genes in highland barley seed cells was significantly altered, suggesting that the metabolic landscape of the cells was deeply changed under salt stress. Through the KEGG analysis, the phenylpropane metabolic pathway was significantly up-regulated under salt stress, resulting in the accumulation of polyphenols, flavonoids, and lignin, the metabolites for improving the stress resistance of highland barley seed cells, being increased 2.71, 1.22, and 1.17 times, respectively. This study discovered that the phenylpropane metabolic pathway was a significant step forward in understanding the stress resistance of highland barley, and provided new insights into the roles of molecular mechanisms in plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhengLian Xue
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Microbiology Molecular Breeding, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
| | - BingSheng Wang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Microbiology Molecular Breeding, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
| | - ChangYu Qu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Microbiology Molecular Breeding, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
| | - MengDie Tao
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Microbiology Molecular Breeding, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Microbiology Molecular Breeding, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
| | - GuoQiang Zhang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Microbiology Molecular Breeding, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Microbiology Molecular Breeding, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
| | - ShiGuang Zhao
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Microbiology Molecular Breeding, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
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Darwish E, Ghosh R, Bentzer J, Tsardakas Renhuldt N, Proux-Wera E, Kamal N, Spannagl M, Hause B, Sirijovski N, Van Aken O. The dynamics of touch-responsive gene expression in cereals. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:282-302. [PMID: 37159480 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Wind, rain, herbivores, obstacles, neighbouring plants, etc. provide important mechanical cues to steer plant growth and survival. Mechanostimulation to stimulate yield and stress resistance of crops is of significant research interest, yet a molecular understanding of transcriptional responses to touch is largely absent in cereals. To address this, we performed whole-genome transcriptomics following mechanostimulation of wheat, barley, and the recent genome-sequenced oat. The largest transcriptome changes occurred ±25 min after touching, with most of the genes being upregulated. While most genes returned to basal expression level by 1-2 h in oat, many genes retained high expression even 4 h post-treatment in barley and wheat. Functional categories such as transcription factors, kinases, phytohormones, and Ca2+ regulation were affected. In addition, cell wall-related genes involved in (hemi)cellulose, lignin, suberin, and callose biosynthesis were touch-responsive, providing molecular insight into mechanically induced changes in cell wall composition. Furthermore, several cereal-specific transcriptomic footprints were identified that were not observed in Arabidopsis. In oat and barley, we found evidence for systemic spreading of touch-induced signalling. Finally, we provide evidence that both the jasmonic acid-dependent and the jasmonic acid-independent pathways underlie touch-signalling in cereals, providing a detailed framework and marker genes for further study of (a)biotic stress responses in cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam Darwish
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
- Plant Physiology Section, Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ritesh Ghosh
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Johan Bentzer
- ScanOats Industrial Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nikos Tsardakas Renhuldt
- ScanOats Industrial Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Estelle Proux-Wera
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Box 1031, SE-17121, Solna, Sweden
| | - Nadia Kamal
- PGSB - Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Spannagl
- PGSB - Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bettina Hause
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Nick Sirijovski
- ScanOats Industrial Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olivier Van Aken
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
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Kumar P, Kaplan Y, Endelman JB, Ginzberg I. Epigenetic Modifications Related to Potato Skin Russeting. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2057. [PMID: 37653974 PMCID: PMC10222780 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Potato tuber skin is a protective corky tissue consisting of suberized phellem cells. Smooth-skinned varieties are characterized by a clean, shiny appearance compared to the darker hue of russeted potatoes. The rough skin of russeted cultivars is a desired, genetically inherited characteristic; however, unwanted russeting of smooth-skinned cultivars often occurs under suboptimal growth conditions. The involvement of epigenetic modifiers in regulating the smooth skin russeting disorder was tested. We used smooth-skin commercial cultivars with and without the russeting disorder and three lines from a breeding population segregating for russeting. Anatomically, the russet skin showed similar characteristics, whether the cause was environmentally triggered or genetically determined. The old outer layers of the corky phellem remain attached to the newly formed phellem layers instead of being sloughed off. Global DNA methylation analysis indicated a significant reduction in the percentage of 5-methylcytosine in mature vs. immature skin and russet vs. smooth skin. This was true for both the smooth-skin commercial cultivars and the russeted lines. The expression level of selected DNA methyltransferases was reduced in accordance. DNA demethylase expression did not change between the skin types and age. Hence, the reduced DNA methylation in mature and russet skin is more likely to be achieved through passive DNA demethylation and loss of methyltransferase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, 68 HaMacabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (P.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yulia Kaplan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, 68 HaMacabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (P.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Jeffrey B. Endelman
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Idit Ginzberg
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, 68 HaMacabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (P.K.); (Y.K.)
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Li J, Wang Q, Wang Y, Wu X, Liu Y, Wan M, Wang L, Wang X, Zhang C, Wang X, Tang X, Heng W. Identification of nsLTP family in Chinese white pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) reveals its potential roles in russet skin formation. PLANTA 2023; 257:113. [PMID: 37165276 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Identification of PbLTP genes in pear and functional characterization of PbLTP4 in the transport of suberin monomers of russet skin formation. Non-specific lipid-transfer protein (nsLTP) is an abundant and diverse alkaline small molecule protein in the plant kingdom with complex and diverse biophysiological functions, such as transfer of phospholipids, reproductive development, pathogen defence and abiotic stress response. Up to now, only a tiny fraction of nsLTPs have been functionally identified, and the distribution of nsLTPs in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) (PbLTPs) has not been fully characterized. In this study, the genome-wide analysis of the nsLTP gene family in the pear genome identified 67 PbLTP proteins, which could be divided into six types (1, 2, C, D, E, and G). Similar intron/exon structural patterns were observed in the same type, strongly supporting their close evolutionary relationship. In addition, PbLTP4 was highly expressed in russet pear skin compared with green skin, which was located in the plasma membrane. Coexpression network analysis showed that PbLTP4 closely related to suberin biosynthetic genes. The biological function of PbLTP4 in promoting suberification has been demonstrated by overexpression in Arabidopsis. Identification of suberin monomers showed that PbLTP4 promotes suberification by regulating 9,12-octadecadienoic acid and hexadecanoic acid transport. These results provide helpful insights into the characteristics of PbLTP genes and their biological function in the transport of suberin monomers of russet skin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, West Changjiang Road No. 130, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, West Changjiang Road No. 130, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, West Changjiang Road No. 130, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Wu
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, West Changjiang Road No. 130, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, West Changjiang Road No. 130, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Minchen Wan
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, West Changjiang Road No. 130, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lindu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, West Changjiang Road No. 130, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiexuan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, West Changjiang Road No. 130, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, West Changjiang Road No. 130, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, West Changjiang Road No. 130, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Tang
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, West Changjiang Road No. 130, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Heng
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, West Changjiang Road No. 130, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Xu X, Guerriero G, Domergue F, Beine-Golovchuk O, Cocco E, Berni R, Sergeant K, Hausman JF, Legay S. Characterization of MdMYB68, a suberin master regulator in russeted apples. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1143961. [PMID: 37021306 PMCID: PMC10067606 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1143961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apple russeting is mainly due to the accumulation of suberin in the cell wall in response to defects and damages in the cuticle layer. Over the last decades, massive efforts have been done to better understand the complex interplay between pathways involved in the suberization process in model plants. However, the regulation mechanisms which orchestrate this complex process are still under investigation. Our previous studies highlighted a number of transcription factor candidates from the Myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factor family which might regulate suberization in russeted or suberized apple fruit skin. Among these, we identified MdMYB68, which was co-expressed with number of well-known key suberin biosynthesis genes. METHOD To validate the MdMYB68 function, we conducted an heterologous transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana combined with whole gene expression profiling analysis (RNA-Seq), quantification of lipids and cell wall monosaccharides, and microscopy. RESULTS MdMYB68 overexpression is able to trigger the expression of the whole suberin biosynthesis pathway. The lipid content analysis confirmed that MdMYB68 regulates the deposition of suberin in cell walls. Furthermore, we also investigated the alteration of the non-lipid cell wall components and showed that MdMYB68 triggers a massive modification of hemicelluloses and pectins. These results were finally supported by the microscopy. DISCUSSION Once again, we demonstrated that the heterologous transient expression in N. benthamiana coupled with RNA-seq is a powerful and efficient tool to investigate the function of suberin related transcription factors. Here, we suggest MdMYB68 as a new regulator of the aliphatic and aromatic suberin deposition in apple fruit, and further describe, for the first time, rearrangements occurring in the carbohydrate cell wall matrix, preparing this suberin deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xu
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Frederic Domergue
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) – Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5200, Laboratoire de biogenèse Membranaire, Bâtiment A3 ‐ Institut Natitonal de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Bordeaux Aquitaine, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Olga Beine-Golovchuk
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Emmanuelle Cocco
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Roberto Berni
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sylvain Legay
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Dabravolski SA, Isayenkov SV. The regulation of plant cell wall organisation under salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1118313. [PMID: 36968390 PMCID: PMC10036381 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1118313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell wall biosynthesis is a complex and tightly regulated process. The composition and the structure of the cell wall should have a certain level of plasticity to ensure dynamic changes upon encountering environmental stresses or to fulfil the demand of the rapidly growing cells. The status of the cell wall is constantly monitored to facilitate optimal growth through the activation of appropriate stress response mechanisms. Salt stress can severely damage plant cell walls and disrupt the normal growth and development of plants, greatly reducing productivity and yield. Plants respond to salt stress and cope with the resulting damage by altering the synthesis and deposition of the main cell wall components to prevent water loss and decrease the transport of surplus ions into the plant. Such cell wall modifications affect biosynthesis and deposition of the main cell wall components: cellulose, pectins, hemicelluloses, lignin, and suberin. In this review, we highlight the roles of cell wall components in salt stress tolerance and the regulatory mechanisms underlying their maintenance under salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A. Dabravolski
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Braude Academic College of Engineering, Karmiel, Israel
| | - Stanislav V. Isayenkov
- Department of Plant Food Products and Biofortification, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Science (NAS) of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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9
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Murgia I, Midali A, Cimini S, De Gara L, Manasherova E, Cohen H, Paucelle A, Morandini P. The Arabidopsis thaliana Gulono-1,4 γ-lactone oxidase 2 (GULLO2) facilitates iron transport from endosperm into developing embryos and affects seed coat suberization. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:712-723. [PMID: 36809732 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants synthesize ascorbate (ASC) via the D-mannose/L-galactose pathway whereas animals produce ASC and H2O2via the UDP-glucose pathway, with Gulono-1,4 γ-lactone oxidases (GULLO) as the last step. A. thaliana has seven isoforms, GULLO1-7; previous in silico analysis suggested that GULLO2, mostly expressed in developing seeds, might be involved in iron (Fe) nutrition. We isolated atgullo2-1 and atgullo2-2 mutants, quantified ASC and H2O2 in developing siliques, Fe(III) reduction in immature embryos and seed coats. Surfaces of mature seed coats were analysed via atomic force and electron microscopies; suberin monomer and elemental compositions of mature seeds, including Fe, were profiled via chromatography and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Lower levels of ASC and H2O2 in atgullo2 immature siliques are accompanied by an impaired Fe(III) reduction in seed coats and lower Fe content in embryos and seeds; atgullo2 seeds displayed reduced permeability and higher levels of C18:2 and C18:3 ω-hydroxyacids, the two predominant suberin monomers in A. thaliana seeds. We propose that GULLO2 contributes to ASC synthesis, for Fe(III) reduction into Fe(II). This step is critical for Fe transport from endosperm into developing embryos. We also show that alterations in GULLO2 activity affect suberin biosynthesis and accumulation in the seed coat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Murgia
- Environmental Science and Policy Dept., University of Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Alessia Midali
- Environmental Science and Policy Dept., University of Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Cimini
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Roma, Italy
| | - Laura De Gara
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Roma, Italy
| | - Ekaterina Manasherova
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences ARO, Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Rd., Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Hagai Cohen
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences ARO, Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Rd., Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Alexis Paucelle
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA Centre de Versailles-Grignon, 78026, Versailles, Route de Saint-Cyr Cedex, France
| | - Piero Morandini
- Environmental Science and Policy Dept., University of Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
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10
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Zhang J, Liu ZY, Zhang YF, Zhang C, Li X, Liu X, Wang CL. PpyMYB144 transcriptionally regulates pear fruit skin russeting by activating the cytochrome P450 gene PpyCYP86B1. PLANTA 2023; 257:69. [PMID: 36854938 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04102-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PpyMYB144 directly activates the promoter of PpyCYP86B1, promotes the synthesis of α, ω-diacids, and involves in pear fruit skin russeting. Russeting is an economically important surface disorder in pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) fruit. Previous research has demonstrated that suberin is the pivotal chemical component contributing to pear fruit skin russeting, and fruit bagging treatment effectively reduces the amount of suberin of fruits, and thereby reduces the russeting phenotype. However, the mechanisms of pear fruit skin russeting remain largely unclear, particularly the transcriptional regulation. Here, we dissected suberin concentration and composition of pear fruits along fruit development and confirmed that α, ω-diacids are the predominant constituents in russeted pear fruit skins. Two cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) family genes (PpyCYP86A1 and PpyCYP86B1) and nine MYB genes were isolated from pear fruit. Expressions of PpyCYP86A1, PpyCYP86B1, and five MYB genes (PpyMYB34, PpyMYB138, PpyMYB138-like, PpyMYB139, and PpyMYB144) were up-regulated during fruit russeting and showed significant correlations with the changes of α, ω-diacids. In addition, dual-luciferase assays indicated that PpyMYB144 could trans-activate the promoter of PpyCYP86B1, and the activation was abolished by motif mutagenesis of AC element on the PpyCYP86B1 promoter. Further, Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of PpyCYP86B1 and PpyMYB144 in pear fruits induced the deposition of aliphatic suberin. Thus, PpyMYB144 is a novel direct activator of PpyCYP86B1 and contributes to pear fruit skin russeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Yu Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Lei Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Kumar P, Ginzberg I. Potato Periderm Development and Tuber Skin Quality. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162099. [PMID: 36015402 PMCID: PMC9415511 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The periderm is a corky tissue that replaces the epidermis when the latter is damaged, and is critical for preventing pathogen invasion and water loss. The periderm is formed through the meristematic activity of phellogen cells (cork cambium). The potato skin (phellem cells) composes the outer layers of the tuber periderm and is a model for studying cork development. Early in tuber development and following tuber expansion, the phellogen becomes active and produces the skin. New skin layers are continuously added by division of the phellogen cells until tuber maturation. Some physiological disorders of the potato tuber are related to abnormal development of the skin, including skinning injuries and russeting of smooth-skinned potatoes. Thus, characterizing the potato periderm contributes to modeling cork development in plants and helps to resolve critical agricultural problems. Here, we summarize the data available on potato periderm formation, highlighting tissue characteristics rather than the suberization processes.
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12
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Manasherova E, Cohen H. A Collection of Melon ( Cucumis melo) Fruit Cultivars with Varied Skin Appearances Provide Insight to the Contribution of Suberin in Periderm Formation and Reticulation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1336. [PMID: 35631761 PMCID: PMC9147331 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
At times of fruit skin failure, reticulation made of a wound-periderm is formed below the cracked skin in order to seal the damaged tissue. Preceding investigations shed light on the mechanisms underlying the formation of fruit skin reticulation, demonstrating that the walls of periderm cells are heavily suberized and lignified. However, the relative contribution of the suberin pathway to these processes, as well as the association between suberin contents in the periderm tissue and reticulation degree, are largely unknown. To strengthen our understanding on these important physiological and agricultural aspects, we comparatively profiled skin tissues of a collection of smooth- and reticulated-skin melon (Cucumis melo) cultivars for suberin monomer composition via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This metabolite profiling approach accompanied by statistical tools highlighted the fundamental chemical differences between the skin of smooth fruit made of a typical cuticle, to the skin of reticulated fruit made of large amounts of archetypal suberin building blocks including hydroxycinnamic acids, very long chain fatty acids, fatty alcohols, α-hydroxyacids, ω-hydroxyacids, and α,ω-diacids. Next, using image analysis we generated 'reticulation maps' and calculated the relative densities of reticulation. We then performed correlation assays in order to monitor suberin monomers that specifically correlate well with reticulation degree. Nonetheless, total suberin contents and most suberin building blocks did not show high correlations with reticulation degree, further suggesting that additional factors are likely to influence and regulate these processes. Altogether, the data provided vital information regarding the relative contribution of the suberin pathway to periderm formation and skin reticulation.
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13
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Arya GC, Dong Y, Heinig U, Shahaf N, Kazachkova Y, Aviv-Sharon E, Nomberg G, Marinov O, Manasherova E, Aharoni A, Cohen H. The metabolic and proteomic repertoires of periderm tissue in skin of the reticulated Sikkim cucumber fruit. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac092. [PMID: 35669701 PMCID: PMC9160728 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Suberized and/or lignified (i.e. lignosuberized) periderm tissue appears often on surface of fleshy fruit skin by mechanical damage caused following environmental cues or developmental programs. The mechanisms underlying lignosuberization remain largely unknown to date. Here, we combined an assortment of microscopical techniques with an integrative multi-omics approach comprising proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics to identify novel molecular components involved in fruit skin lignosuberization. We chose to investigate the corky Sikkim cucumber (Cucumis sativus var. sikkimensis) fruit. During development, the skin of this unique species undergoes massive cracking and is coated with a thick corky layer, making it an excellent model system for revealing fundamental cellular machineries involved in fruit skin lignosuberization. The large-scale data generated provides a significant source for the field of skin periderm tissue formation in fleshy fruit and suberin metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulab Chand Arya
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel
| | - Yonghui Dong
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Uwe Heinig
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nir Shahaf
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yana Kazachkova
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Elinor Aviv-Sharon
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Gal Nomberg
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ofir Marinov
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ekaterina Manasherova
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Hagai Cohen
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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