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Lai J, Liu B, Xiong G, Luo Q, Song S, Jiang J, Wei H, Wang J. Inhibitory mechanism of 4-ethyl-1,2-dimethoxybenzene produced by Streptomyces albidoflavus strain ML27 against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 204:106086. [PMID: 39277399 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Actinomycetes have emerged as significant biocontrol resources due to their rich array of bioactive natural products. While much research has historically focused on secondary metabolites isolated from their fermentation broth, there remains a dearth of reports on their volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here, strain ML27, isolated from soil, was identified as Streptomyces albidoflavus based on morphological features, physiological, biochemical, and molecular characteristics (16S rRNA, atpD, recA, and rpoB gene sequences). VOCs from S. albidoflavus strain ML27 were effectively captured using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and tentatively identified through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Among these compounds, 4-ethyl-1,2-dimethoxybenzene exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activity and demonstrated efficacy in controlling citrus anthracnose, with a control efficacy of 86.67%. Furthermore, the inhibitory mechanism of 4-ethyl-1,2-dimethoxybenzene against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was revealed. Results indicated that 4-ethyl-1,2-dimethoxybenzene induced swelling, deformity, and breakage in C. gloeosporioides mycelia, and significantly inhibited spore germination. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 4-ethyl-1,2-dimethoxybenzene inhibited the growth and development of C. gloeosporioides primarily by disrupting energy metabolism and the integrity of the cell wall and membrane. Based on these results, it is promising to develop 4-ethyl-1,2-dimethoxybenzene as a novel biopesticide for controlling citrus anthracnose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Lai
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China 330045; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China 330045
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China 330045.
| | - Guihong Xiong
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China 330045
| | - Qian Luo
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China 330045
| | - Shuilin Song
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China 330045
| | - Junxi Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China 330045; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China 330045
| | - Hongyi Wei
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China 330045; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China 330045
| | - Junwen Wang
- Economic Crops Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China, 330202
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Diabankana RGC, Frolov M, Islamov B, Shulga E, Filimonova MN, Afordoanyi DM, Validov S. Identification and Aggressiveness of Fusarium Species Associated with Onion Bulb ( Allium cepa L.) during Storage. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:161. [PMID: 38392833 PMCID: PMC10890437 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens present a major challenge to crop production, leading to decreased yield and quality during growth and storage. During long-term storage, healthy onions can develop diseases from latent pathogen infections. This poses a challenge for onion growers because infected bulbs without visible symptoms can lead to significant crop losses during the growing season. In this study, we aimed to isolate and identify Fusarium species from yellow onion bulbs (Allium cepa L.) that developed disease symptoms during storage. The aggressiveness of these strains against onion bulbs and seedlings was also evaluated. The isolated strains were further subjected to morphological and molecular differentiation. The results revealed that all 16 isolated strains belonged to the Fusarium complex species incarnatum-equiseti and Fusarium fujikuroi, namely, F. proliferatum (98%), F. oxysporum (1%), and Fusarium sp. (1%). Koch's postulate analysis of isolated strains revealed varying aggressiveness on onion bulbs and plants depending on fungal species. Disease symptoms developed more slowly on plants than on onion bulb plants according to Koch's postulates. Moreover, the results revealed that Fusarium strains that can infect onion plants were less pathogenic to onion bulbs and vice versa. In addition, three isolates were found to be non-pathogenic to onions. Furthermore, the in vitro control of Fusarium species through Bacillus velezensis KS04-AU and Streptomyces albidoflavus MGMM6 showed high potential for controlling the growth of these pathogenic fungi. These results may contribute to the development of environmentally friendly approaches for controlling onion spoilage caused by pathogens during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderic Gilles Claret Diabankana
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Methods, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Mikhail Frolov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Methods, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Bakhtiyar Islamov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Methods, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Elena Shulga
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Methods, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Maria Nikolaevna Filimonova
- Academic and Research Centre, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Daniel Mawuena Afordoanyi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Methods, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Shamil Validov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Methods, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia
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Díaz-Díaz M, Antón-Domínguez BI, Raya MC, Bernal-Cabrera A, Medina-Marrero R, Trapero A, Agustí-Brisach C. Streptomyces spp. Strains as Potential Biological Control Agents against Verticillium Wilt of Olive. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:138. [PMID: 38392810 PMCID: PMC10890128 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO) caused by Verticillium dahliae is considered a major olive (Olea europaea) disease in Mediterranean-type climate regions. The lack of effective chemical products against VWO makes it necessary to search for alternatives such as biological control. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of six Streptomyces spp. strains as biological control agents (BCAs) against VWO. All of them were molecularly characterized by sequencing 16S or 23S rRNA genes and via phylogenetic analysis. Their effect was evaluated in vitro on the mycelial growth of V. dahliae (isolates V004 and V323) and on microsclerotia (MS) viability using naturally infested soils. Bioassays in olive plants inoculated with V. dahliae were also conducted to evaluate their effect against disease progress. In all the experiments, the reference BCAs Fusarium oxysporum FO12 and Aureobasidium pullulans AP08 were included for comparative purposes. The six strains were identified as Streptomyces spp., and they were considered as potential new species. All the BCAs, including Streptomyces strains, showed a significant effect on mycelial growth inhibition for both V. dahliae isolates compared to the positive control, with FO12 being the most effective, followed by AP08, while the Streptomyces spp. strains showed an intermediate effect. All the BCAs tested also showed a significant effect on the inhibition of germination of V. dahliae MS compared to the untreated control, with FO12 being the most effective treatment. Irrigation treatments with Streptomyces strain CBQ-EBa-21 or FO12 were significantly more effective in reducing disease severity and disease progress in olive plants inoculated with V. dahliae compared to the remaining treatments. This study represents the first approach to elucidating the potential effect of Streptomyces strains against VWO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Díaz-Díaz
- Centro de Bioactivos Químicos (CBQ), Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas (UCLV), Carretera Camajuaní km 5 1/2, Santa Clara 54830, Villa Clara, Cuba
| | - Begoña I Antón-Domínguez
- Departamento de Agronomía, (Unit of Excellence 'María de Maeztu' 2020-2024), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. C4, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Carmen Raya
- Departamento de Agronomía, (Unit of Excellence 'María de Maeztu' 2020-2024), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. C4, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alexander Bernal-Cabrera
- Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas (UCLV), Carretera Camajuaní km 5 1/2, Santa Clara 54830, Villa Clara, Cuba
- Departamento de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas (UCLV), Carretera Camajuaní km 5 1/2, Santa Clara 54830, Villa Clara, Cuba
| | - Ricardo Medina-Marrero
- Centro de Bioactivos Químicos (CBQ), Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas (UCLV), Carretera Camajuaní km 5 1/2, Santa Clara 54830, Villa Clara, Cuba
| | - Antonio Trapero
- Departamento de Agronomía, (Unit of Excellence 'María de Maeztu' 2020-2024), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. C4, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Agustí-Brisach
- Departamento de Agronomía, (Unit of Excellence 'María de Maeztu' 2020-2024), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. C4, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Diabankana RGC, Frolov M, Keremli S, Validov SZ, Afordoanyi DM. Genomic Insights into the Microbial Agent Streptomyces albidoflavus MGMM6 for Various Biotechnology Applications. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2872. [PMID: 38138016 PMCID: PMC10745817 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial biotechnology plays a crucial role in improving industrial processes, particularly in the production of compounds with diverse applications. In this study, we used bioinformatic approaches to analyze the genomic architecture of Streptomyces albidoflavus MGMM6 and identify genes involved in various metabolic pathways that have significant biotechnological potential. Genome mining revealed that MGMM6 consists of a linear chromosome of 6,932,303 bp, with a high G+C content of 73.5%, lacking any plasmid contigs. Among the annotated genes, several are predicted to encode enzymes such as dye peroxidase, aromatic ring-opening dioxygenase, multicopper oxidase, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, and aromatic ring hydroxylating dioxygenases which are responsible for the biodegradation of numerous endogenous and xenobiotic pollutants. In addition, we identified genes associated with heavy metal resistance, such as arsenic, cadmium, mercury, chromium, tellurium, antimony, and bismuth, suggesting the potential of MGMM6 for environmental remediation purposes. The analysis of secondary metabolites revealed the presence of multiple biosynthesis gene clusters responsible for producing compounds with potent antimicrobial and metal-chelating activities. Furthermore, laboratory tests conducted under controlled conditions demonstrated the effectiveness of MGMM6 in inhibiting phytopathogenic microbes, decolorizing and degrading aromatic triphenylmethane dyes, particularly Blue Brilliant G250, from wastewater by up to 98 ± 0.15%. Overall, the results of our study highlight the promising biotechnological potential of S. albidoflavus MGMM6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderic Gilles Claret Diabankana
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Methods, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (M.F.); (S.K.); (S.Z.V.); (D.M.A.)
| | - Mikhail Frolov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Methods, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (M.F.); (S.K.); (S.Z.V.); (D.M.A.)
| | - Saparmyradov Keremli
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Methods, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (M.F.); (S.K.); (S.Z.V.); (D.M.A.)
| | - Shamil Zavdatovich Validov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Methods, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (M.F.); (S.K.); (S.Z.V.); (D.M.A.)
| | - Daniel Mawuena Afordoanyi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Methods, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (M.F.); (S.K.); (S.Z.V.); (D.M.A.)
- Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia
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Carlucci A, Sorbo A, Colucci D, Raimondo ML. Biological Control of Severe Fungal Phytopathogens by Streptomyces albidoflavus Strain CARA17 and Its Bioactive Crude Extracts on Lettuce Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2025. [PMID: 37653942 PMCID: PMC10220785 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Lettuce crop is an important horticultural crop of several Mediterranean countries, including Italy. The Italian region which is a major producer of lettuce crops is Apulia, where this crop is cultivated in open fields an in greenhouses. Since several microbial pathogens are responsible for important diseases found on lettuce produced in greenhouses, in this study, the experimental activities focused on the most severe fungal soilborne pathogens, i.e., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Athelia rolfsii. Their control is often performed with fungicides which cause public concern over the environment and human health. The main aims of this study were to determine the biocontrol efficacy of a Streptomyces strain in vitro and in vivo conditions on lettuce seedlings against Athelia rolfsii and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as severe fungal soilborne pathogens through the application of its vegetative propagules and putative bioactive crude extracts via filtrate culture. The results obtained confirm a significant effectiveness of CARA17 strain to control the severity of both fungal soilborne pathogens during two different experiments: when it is used as vegetative propagules and as a culture filtrate containing putative bioactive metabolites in vitro and in vivo conditions. These preliminary results demonstrated that the actinomycetes CARA17 strain is valid as a biocontrol agent (BCA) against both the severe phytopathogens used in this study. The biocontrol action performed from the CARA17 strain is clearly and mainly due to the putative bioactive crude extracts produced, but further studies are necessary to identify which metabolites (polyphenols, terpenes, fatty acids, etc.) are produced from this Streptomyces strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Carlucci
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.S.); (D.C.); (M.L.R.)
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Zhang H, Bai X, Han Y, Han L. Stress-Resistance and Growth-Promoting Characteristics and Effects on Vegetable Seed Germination of Streptomyces sp. Strains Isolated from Wetland Plant Rhizospheres. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:190. [PMID: 37079055 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03297-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands are the most biologically diverse ecosystems on Earth. The isolation of Streptomyces strains from wetlands is helpful to study their diversity and functions in such habitats. In this study, six strains of Streptomyces were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of three plant species in the Huaxi Wetland at Guiyang and were identified as Streptomyces galilaeus, S. avidinii, S. albogriseolus, S. albidoflavus, S. spororaveus, and S. cellulosae, respectively. The six strains all solubilized phosphate, fixed nitrogen, and produced ACC deaminase and siderophores, and four strains also secreted indole-3-acetic acid. The six strains had the ability to resist to certain degrees of salinity, drought, and acidic/alkaline pH stress. In addition, the S. avidinii WL3 and S. cellulosae WL9 strains significantly promoted seed germination of mung bean, pepper, and cucumber, especially the WL3 strain. A pot experiment further showed that WL3 significantly promoted the growth of cucumber seedlings. Thus, strains of six species of Streptomyces with multiple plant growth-promoting characteristics were isolated from the wetland. These results lay a foundation for their potential use as microbial agents for seed-coating treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laborary of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xue Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laborary of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yujie Han
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laborary of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Lizhen Han
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laborary of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
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Boukaew S, Mahasawat P, Petlamul W, Sattayasamitsathit S, Surinkaew S, Chuprom J, Prasertsan P. Application of antifungal metabolites from Streptomyces philanthi RL-1-178 for maize grain coating formulations and their efficacy as biofungicide during storage. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:157. [PMID: 37043017 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03604-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The major safety risk of maize grain is contamination with mycotoxins. In this study, a maize-coating formulation containing freeze-dried culture filtrate of Streptomyces philanthi RL-1-178 (DCF RL-1-178) was developed and evaluated to prevent the growth of mycotoxins during maize grain storage. In vitro studies using confrontation tests on PDA plates indicated that S. philanthi RL-1-178 inhibited the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus TISTR 3276 (89.0%) and A. flavus PSRDC-4 (95.0%). The maize grain coating formulations containing the DCF RL-1-178 (0, 5, 10, and 15% (v/v)) and the polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-K90, 4.0% (w/v)) were tested for their efficacy in In vitro and during 5 months storage. In In vitro assay, maize coating formular containing the optimum concentration (15.0%, v/v) of the DCF RL-1-178 exhibited 54.80% and 54.17% inhibition on the growth of A. parasiticus TISTR 3276 and A. flavus PSRDC-4 respectively. The inhibition was also illustrated by the microstructures of interactions between the coated maize grains with or without the DCF RL-1-178 and the fungal pathogens observed under microscope and SEM. Incorporating the DCF RL-1-178 or fungicidal Metalaxyl® into the polymer PVP-K90 maize grains coating resulted in the complete inhibition of the production of aflatoxin B1 (analysed by HPLC) by the two aflatoxigenic pathogens after 5 months storage at room temperature. However, the shelf-life was shortened to only 3 months during storage at room temperature with 90% relative humidity. Overall, the application of the 10-15% DCF RL-1-178 into the maize grain coating formular provides a new alternative measure to control the mycotoxins during storage for at least 5 months. The In vitro cell cytotoxicity study showed that a concentration of 15% (v/v) or 1000 μg/mL of the DCF RL-1-178 had a strong cytotoxic effect on Vero cells. These findings indicate that DCF RL-1-178 is a potential biofungicide for controlling mycotoxins contamination in maize seed storage for planting, but not maize grain storage for animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawai Boukaew
- College of Innovation and Management, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Songkhla, 90000, Thailand.
| | - Pawika Mahasawat
- Programme in Biology and Applied Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Songkhla, 90000, Thailand
| | - Wanida Petlamul
- College of Innovation and Management, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Songkhla, 90000, Thailand
| | - Supalak Sattayasamitsathit
- Phitsanulok Seed Research and Development Center, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Phitsanulok, 65130, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Surinkaew
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Julalak Chuprom
- School of Languages and General Education, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Poonsuk Prasertsan
- Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90110, Thailand
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Llorens E, Agustí-Brisach C. Biocontrol of Plant Diseases by Means of Antagonist Microorganisms, Biostimulants and Induced Resistance as Alternatives to Chemicals. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3521. [PMID: 36559633 PMCID: PMC9784445 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases are one of the biggest problems in conventional agriculture as they reduce both yield and crop value [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Llorens
- Departament of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I de Castellón (UJI), 12006 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Carlos Agustí-Brisach
- Department of Agronomy (DAUCO, Unit of Excellence María de Maeztu 2020-23), ETSIAM, University of Cordoba (UCO), 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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