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Rajendran S, Khomenko I, Silcock P, Betta E, Biasioli F, Bremer P. Impact of Different Carbon Sources on Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Produced during Fermentation by Levilactobacillus brevis WLP672 Measured Using Proton Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). Molecules 2024; 29:3275. [PMID: 39064855 PMCID: PMC11279293 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial fermentation is considered to be a cost-effective means of generating desired flavour compounds from plant-based substrates. However, the wide range of substrates present in plants makes it challenging to understand how individual components impact on flavour volatile organic compound (VOC) production. To simplify this, a defined medium can be used to better understand VOCs production with regard to individual compounds. In the current study, the VOCs produced by the lactic acid bacterium, Levilactobacillus brevis WLP672, growing in a defined medium containing different carbon sources (either glucose (DM), fructose (DMFr) or citrate (DMCi)) under a range of fermentation conditions (time: 0, 7, and 14 days; and temperature: 25 and 35 °C) were assessed using proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). Among the detected mass peaks (m/z), after 7 days of fermentation, the concentrations of m/z 45.033 (t.i. acetaldehyde), m/z 49.011 (t.i. methanethiol), and m/z 89.060 (t.i. ethyl acetate) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in DM at 35 °C than all other treatments at either temperature. The knowledge obtained will help to produce desirable LAB fermentation flavour VOCs or VOC mixtures that could be used in developing plant-based analogues with acceptable sensory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarathadevi Rajendran
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (S.R.); (P.B.)
- Sensory Quality Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 Trento, Italy; (I.K.); (E.B.); (F.B.)
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jaffna, Kilinochchi 44000, Sri Lanka
| | - Iuliia Khomenko
- Sensory Quality Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 Trento, Italy; (I.K.); (E.B.); (F.B.)
- ONFoods-Research and Innovation Network on Food and Nutrition Sustainability, Safety and Security-Working ON Foods, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Patrick Silcock
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (S.R.); (P.B.)
| | - Emanuela Betta
- Sensory Quality Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 Trento, Italy; (I.K.); (E.B.); (F.B.)
- ONFoods-Research and Innovation Network on Food and Nutrition Sustainability, Safety and Security-Working ON Foods, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Sensory Quality Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 Trento, Italy; (I.K.); (E.B.); (F.B.)
- ONFoods-Research and Innovation Network on Food and Nutrition Sustainability, Safety and Security-Working ON Foods, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Phil Bremer
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (S.R.); (P.B.)
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Maestri D. Groundnut and tree nuts: a comprehensive review on their lipid components, phytochemicals, and nutraceutical properties. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024; 64:7426-7450. [PMID: 39093582 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2185202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The health benefits of nut consumption have been extensively demonstrated in observational studies and intervention trials. Besides the high nutritional value, countless evidences show that incorporating nuts into the diet may contribute to health promotion and prevention of certain diseases. Such benefits have been mostly and certainly attributed not only to their richness in healthy lipids (plentiful in unsaturated fatty acids), but also to the presence of a vast array of phytochemicals, such as polar lipids, squalene, phytosterols, tocochromanols, and polyphenolic compounds. Thus, many nut chemical compounds apply well to the designation "nutraceuticals," a broad umbrella term used to describe any food component that, in addition to the basic nutritional value, can contribute extra health benefits. This contribution analyses the general chemical profile of groundnut and common tree nuts (almond, walnut, cashew, hazelnut, pistachio, macadamia, pecan), focusing on lipid components and phytochemicals, with a view on their bioactive properties. Relevant scientific literature linking consumption of nuts, and/or some of their components, with ameliorative and/or preventive effects on selected diseases - such as cancer, cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative pathologies - was also reviewed. In addition, the bioactive properties were analyzed in the light of known mechanistic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián Maestri
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV - CONICET). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
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Comelli NC, Diez PA, Rodríguez MR, Denett GO, López TE, Bracamonte DM, Ortiz EV, Sampietro DA, Duchowicz PR. Excito-repellent and Pesticide-Likeness Properties of Essential Oils on Carpophilus dimidiatus (Fabricius) (Nitidulidae) and Oryzaephilus mercator (L.) (Silvanidae). J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:2467-2487. [PMID: 37774492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Carpophilus dimidiatus (Fabricius) (Nitidulidae) and Oryzaephilus mercator (L.) (Silvanidae) are insect pests that cause severe damage in important walnut growing regions in the northwest of Argentina. The current management approaches for these pests involve the use of unsafe phosphorus pesticides whose overuse have led to farmworker poisoning, pest resistance issues, and environmental contamination. Plant extracts, particularly essential oils, are an alternative source of insect control agents. Excito-repellent essential oils can be used to develop ecofriendly tools for managing the pest population without affecting quality and visual appearance of the stored walnuts. Laboratory studies were conducted to assess the excito-repellent effects of C. dimidiatus and O. mercator of 12 essential oils derived from aromatic plants used as food additives and traditional medicine in Argentina: Aloysia citrodora (AC), Aloysia gratissima (AG), Aloysia gratissima var. Gratissima (AGG), Blepharocalyx salicipholius (BS), Hyptis mutabilis (HM), Lippia junelliana (LJ), Lippia turbinata (LT), Mentha x piperita (MP), Minthostachys mollis (MM), Minthostachys verticillata (MV), Origanum vulgare(OV), and Rosmarinus officinalis (RO). The most bioactive EOs (ERijk ≥ 70%) were Aloysia gratissima var. Gratissima (AGG), Minthostachys verticillata, and Lippia junelliana. Their bioactivity profile and chemical space, characterized from GC-MS measures, Generalized Estimating Equations, and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, revealed that they are mixtures of very functionalized molecules with physicochemical properties similar to those of insecticides with low residual property that enter the insect body through the respiratory system by inhalation. The AGG, MV, and LJ oils are promising as protective agents of walnut products. In our laboratory, studies of their formulations for use in integrated pest management programs are still ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves C Comelli
- Laboratorio de Control Biológico y Biodiversidad de Insectos (LACBBI), Centro Regional de Energía y Ambiente para el Desarrollo Sustentable (CREAS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Catamarca (UNCA), Prado 366, K4700BDH, San Fernando Del Valle de Catamarca, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarías, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca (UNCA), Máximo Victoria 50, K4700BDH, San Fernando Del Valle de Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Patricia A Diez
- Laboratorio de Control Biológico y Biodiversidad de Insectos (LACBBI), Centro Regional de Energía y Ambiente para el Desarrollo Sustentable (CREAS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Catamarca (UNCA), Prado 366, K4700BDH, San Fernando Del Valle de Catamarca, Argentina
- Departamento Básicas y Tecnológicas, UNdeC, 5360 Chilecito, La Rioja, Argentina
| | - María R Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Control Biológico y Biodiversidad de Insectos (LACBBI), Centro Regional de Energía y Ambiente para el Desarrollo Sustentable (CREAS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Catamarca (UNCA), Prado 366, K4700BDH, San Fernando Del Valle de Catamarca, Argentina
- Facultad de Tecnología y Ciencias Aplicadas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Catamarca (UNCA), K4700BDH, Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Gabriel O Denett
- Laboratorio de Control Biológico y Biodiversidad de Insectos (LACBBI), Centro Regional de Energía y Ambiente para el Desarrollo Sustentable (CREAS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Catamarca (UNCA), Prado 366, K4700BDH, San Fernando Del Valle de Catamarca, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarías, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca (UNCA), Máximo Victoria 50, K4700BDH, San Fernando Del Valle de Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Tamara E López
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarías, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca (UNCA), Máximo Victoria 50, K4700BDH, San Fernando Del Valle de Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Daniela M Bracamonte
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarías, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca (UNCA), Máximo Victoria 50, K4700BDH, San Fernando Del Valle de Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Erlinda V Ortiz
- Facultad de Tecnología y Ciencias Aplicadas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Catamarca (UNCA), K4700BDH, Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Diego A Sampietro
- Laboratorio de Biología de Agentes Bioactivos y Fitopatógenos (LABIFITO), Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Pablo R Duchowicz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Diag. 113 y 64, C.C. 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
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Ferrara E, Cice D, Piccolella S, Esposito A, Petriccione M, Pacifico S. 'Sorrento' and 'Tulare' Walnut Cultivars: Morphological Traits and Phytochemical Enhancement of Their Shell Waste. Molecules 2024; 29:805. [PMID: 38398557 PMCID: PMC10893203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Walnut processing generates considerable quantities of by-products that could be reprocessed into value-added products that have food and non-food applications. In this context, the aim of this study is to characterize the 'Sorrento' and 'Tulare' walnut cultivars using the UPOV guidelines and analyze the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of their shells. Insight into the chemical composition of the different granulometric fractions of walnut shell, obtained by sieving, was obtained following ultrasound-assisted extraction by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). The total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content and antiradical capacity, obtained by DPPH and ABTS assays, and the Fe(III) reducing power of the extracts were also evaluated. The UHPLC-HRMS analysis indicated the presence of thirty-two compounds ascribable to four major classes of specialized metabolites. Furthermore, the extraction efficiency of gallic acid, ellagic acid derivatives, as well as glansreginin A, increased with the decrease in shell matrix particle size in contrast to chlorogenic acids and flavonoid glycosides. This is the first study to highlight new knowledge on the chemical composition of walnut shells. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of recovering valuable bioactive components from agro-waste that may be further valorized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Ferrara
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (E.F.); (S.P.); (A.E.); (S.P.)
- CREA-Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Via Torrino 3, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Danilo Cice
- CREA-Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Via Torrino 3, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Simona Piccolella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (E.F.); (S.P.); (A.E.); (S.P.)
| | - Assunta Esposito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (E.F.); (S.P.); (A.E.); (S.P.)
| | - Milena Petriccione
- CREA-Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Via Torrino 3, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Severina Pacifico
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (E.F.); (S.P.); (A.E.); (S.P.)
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Tungmunnithum D, Garros L, Drouet S, Cruz-Martins N, Hano C. Extraction Kinetics and Reaction Rates of Sacred Lotus Stamen Tea Infusion-Derived Flavonoids in Relation with Its Antioxidant Capacity. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172234. [PMID: 36079616 PMCID: PMC9459831 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stamen tea from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (or the so-called sacred lotus) is widely consumed, and its flavonoids provide various human health benefits. The method used for tea preparation for consumption, namely the infusion time, may affect the levels of extractable flavonoids, ultimately affecting their biological effects. To date, there is no report on this critical information. Thus, this study aims to determine the kinetics of solid liquid extraction of flavonoid from sacred lotus stamen using the traditional method of preparing sacred lotus stamen tea. Phytochemical composition was also analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antioxidant potential of stamen tea was also determined. The results indicated that the infusion time critically affects the concentrations of flavonoids and the antioxidant capacity of sacred lotus stamen tea, with a minimum infusion time of 5–12 min being required to release the different flavonoids from the tea. The extraction was modeled using second order kinetics. The rate of release was investigated by the glycosylation pattern, with flavonoid diglycosides, e.g., rutin and Kae-3-Rob, being released faster than flavonoid monoglycosides. The antioxidant activity was also highly correlated with flavonoid levels during infusion. Taken together, data obtained here underline that, among others, the infusion time should be considered for the experimental design of future epidemiological studies and/or clinical trials to reach the highest health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangjai Tungmunnithum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Department of Chemical Biology, Eure et Loir Campus, University of Orleans, 28000 Chartres, France
- Le Studium Institue for Advanced Studies, 1 Rue Dupanloup, 45000 Orléans, France
- Correspondence: (D.T.); (C.H.)
| | - Laurine Garros
- Department of Chemical Biology, Eure et Loir Campus, University of Orleans, 28000 Chartres, France
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Department of Chemical Biology, Eure et Loir Campus, University of Orleans, 28000 Chartres, France
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
- TOXRUN—Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Christophe Hano
- Department of Chemical Biology, Eure et Loir Campus, University of Orleans, 28000 Chartres, France
- Le Studium Institue for Advanced Studies, 1 Rue Dupanloup, 45000 Orléans, France
- Correspondence: (D.T.); (C.H.)
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