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Kalousi FD, Tsakos M, Nikolaou CN, Georgantopoulos A, Psarra AMG, Tsikou D. Chemical Analysis and Biological Activities of Extracts Isolated from Symbiotic L. japonicus Plants. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:189. [PMID: 38398697 PMCID: PMC10889931 DOI: 10.3390/life14020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites, including compounds with biological activities that could be used for the treatment of human diseases. In the present study, we examined the putative production of bioactive molecules in the legume plant Lotus japonicus, which engages into symbiotic relationships with beneficial soil microorganisms. To monitor the production of secondary metabolites when the plant develops beneficial symbiotic relationships, we performed single and double inoculations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium bacteria. Plant extracts from non-inoculated and inoculated plants were chemically characterized and tested for anti-proliferative, apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects on human HEK-293 cells. Both shoot and root extracts from non-inoculated and inoculated plants significantly reduced the HEK-293 cell viability; however, a stronger effect was observed when the root extracts were tested. Shoot and root extracts from Rhizobium-inoculated plants and shoot extracts from AMF-inoculated plants showed apoptotic effects on human cells. Moreover, both shoot and root extracts from AMF-inoculated plants significantly reduced TNFα-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity, denoting anti-inflammatory activity. These results suggest that symbiotic L. japonicus plants are enriched with metabolites that have interesting biological activities and could be further explored for putative future use in the pharmaceutical sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini D. Kalousi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Michail Tsakos
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina N. Nikolaou
- Department of Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Achilleas Georgantopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Anna-Maria G. Psarra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Daniela Tsikou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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Sun M, Lu T, Chen P, Wang X, Yang H, Zhou R, Zheng W, Zhao Y. The sensor histidine kinase (SLN1) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1) coordinately regulate the response of Neurospora crassa to the springtail Sinella curviseta (Collembola: Entomobryidae) attack. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0101823. [PMID: 37855634 PMCID: PMC10686092 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01018-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Understanding the regulatory pathways by which fungi respond to environmental signals through interlinked genes provides insights into the interactions between fungi and insects. The coordinated optimization of the regulatory networks is necessary for fungi to adapt to their habitats. We demonstrated that the synergistic regulation of sensor histidine kinase (SLN1) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1) plays a critical role in regulating the fungal response to Sinella curviseta stress. Furthermore, we found that the enhanced production of trehalose, carotenoids, and 5-MTHF plays crucial role in the resistance to the fungivore. Our results provide insights into the understanding of the adaptation of N. crassa to environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengni Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ting Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Pengxu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hanbing Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Weifa Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
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Gasemi S, Mahdavikia H, Rezaei-Chiyaneh E, Banaei-Asl F, Dolatabadian A, Sadeghpour A. Co-inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria improve growth, biochemical and physiological attributes in Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. under water deficit stress. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16474. [PMID: 38047030 PMCID: PMC10691354 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Because of swift climate change, drought is a primary environmental factor that substantially diminishes plant productivity. Furthermore, the increased use of chemical fertilizers has given rise to numerous environmental problems and health risks. Presently, there is a transition towards biofertilizers to enhance crops' yield, encompassing medicinal and aromatic varieties. Methods This study aimed to explore the impacts of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), both independently and in conjunction with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), on various morphological, physiological, and phytochemical characteristics of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. This experimentation took place under different irrigation conditions. The irrigation schemes encompassed well watering (WW), mild water stress (MWS), and severe water stress (SWS). The study evaluated the effects of various biofertilizers, including AMF, PGPR, and the combined application of both AMF and PGPR (AMF + PGPR), compared to a control group where no biofertilizers were applied. Results The findings of the study revealed that under water-stress conditions, the dry yield and relative water content of D. kotschyi Boiss. experienced a decline. However, the application of AMF, PGPR, and AMF + PGPR led to an enhancement in dry yield and relative water content compared to the control group. Among the treatments, the co-application of AMF and PGPR in plants subjected to well watering (WW) exhibited the tallest growth (65 cm), the highest leaf count (187), and the most elevated chlorophyll a (0.59 mg g-1 fw) and b (0.24 mg g-1 fw) content. Regarding essential oil production, the maximum content (1.29%) and yield (0.13 g plant -1) were obtained from mild water stress (MWS) treatment. The co-application of AMF and PGPR resulted in the highest essential oil content and yield (1.31% and 0.15 g plant-1, respectively). The analysis of D. kotschyi Boiss. essential oil identified twenty-six compounds, with major constituents including geranyl acetate (11.4-18.88%), alpha-pinene (9.33-15.08%), Bis (2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (8.43-12.8%), neral (6.80-9.32%), geranial (9.23-11.91%), and limonene (5.56-9.12%). Notably, the highest content of geranyl acetate, geranial, limonene, and alpha-pinene was observed in plants subjected to MWS treatment following AMF + PGPR application. Furthermore, the co-application of AMF, PGPR, and severe water stress (SWS) notably increased the total soluble sugar (TSS) and proline content. In conclusion, the results indicate that the combined application of AMF and PGPR can effectively enhance the quantity and quality of essential oil in D. kotschyi Boiss., particularly when the plants are exposed to water deficit stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Gasemi
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Urmia University, Miandoab, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hassan Mahdavikia
- Department of Medicinal Plants and Horticulture, Shahid Bakeri Higher Education Center of Miandoab, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Farzad Banaei-Asl
- Biotechnology Research Department, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aria Dolatabadian
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amir Sadeghpour
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, United States of America
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Yuan ML, Zhang MH, Shi ZY, Yang S, Zhang MG, Wang Z, Wu SW, Gao JK. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance active ingredients of medicinal plants: a quantitative analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1276918. [PMID: 37929165 PMCID: PMC10623335 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1276918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are invaluable resources for mankind and play a crucial role in combating diseases. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are widely recognized for enhancing the production of medicinal active ingredients in medicinal plants. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the quantitative effects of AMF on the accumulation of medicinal active ingredients. Here we conducted a comprehensive global analysis using 233 paired observations to investigate the impact of AMF inoculation on the accumulation of medicinal active ingredients. This study revealed that AMF inoculation significantly increased the contents of medicinal active ingredients by 27%, with a particularly notable enhancement observed in flavonoids (68%) and terpenoids (53%). Furthermore, the response of medicinal active ingredients in belowground organs (32%) to AMF was more pronounced than that in aboveground organs (18%). Notably, the AMF genus Rhizophagus exhibited the strongest effect in improving the contents of medicinal active ingredients, resulting in an increase of over 50% in both aboveground and belowground organs. Additionally, the promotion of medicinal active ingredients by AMF was attributed to improvements in physiological factors, such as chlorophyll, stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate. Collectively, this research substantially advanced our comprehension of the pivotal role of AMF in improving the medicinal active ingredients of plants and provided valuable insights into the potential mechanisms driving these enhancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Li Yuan
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- School of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Engineering, Zhoukou Vocational and Technical College, Henan, China
| | - Meng-Han Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Rural Human Settlement, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Zhao-Yong Shi
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Rural Human Settlement, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Rural Human Settlement, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Meng-Ge Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Rural Human Settlement, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Rural Human Settlement, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Shan-Wei Wu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Rural Human Settlement, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Jia-Kai Gao
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Rural Human Settlement, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, Henan, China
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Yurkov AP, Afonin AM, Kryukov AA, Gorbunova AO, Kudryashova TR, Kovalchuk AI, Gorenkova AI, Bogdanova EM, Kosulnikov YV, Laktionov YV, Kozhemyakov AP, Romanyuk DA, Zhukov VA, Puzanskiy RK, Mikhailova YV, Yemelyanov VV, Shishova MF. The Effects of Rhizophagus irregularis Inoculation on Transcriptome of Medicago lupulina Leaves at Early Vegetative and Flowering Stages of Plant Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3580. [PMID: 37896043 PMCID: PMC10610208 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The study is aimed at revealing the effects of Rhizophagus irregularis inoculation on the transcriptome of Medicago lupulina leaves at the early (second leaf formation) and later (flowering) stages of plant development. A pot experiment was conducted under conditions of low phosphorus (P) level in the substrate. M. lupulina plants were characterized by high mycorrhizal growth response and mycorrhization parameters. Library sequencing was performed on the Illumina HiseqXTen platform. Significant changes in the expression of 4863 (padj < 0.01) genes from 34049 functionally annotated genes were shown by Massive Analysis of cDNA Ends (MACE-Seq). GO enrichment analysis using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed, and 244 functional GO groups were identified, including genes contributing to the development of effective AM symbiosis. The Mercator online tool was used to assign functional classes of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The early stage was characterized by the presence of six functional classes that included only upregulated GO groups, such as genes of carbohydrate metabolism, cellular respiration, nutrient uptake, photosynthesis, protein biosynthesis, and solute transport. At the later stage (flowering), the number of stimulated GO groups was reduced to photosynthesis and protein biosynthesis. All DEGs of the GO:0016036 group were downregulated because AM plants had higher resistance to phosphate starvation. For the first time, the upregulation of genes encoding thioredoxin in AM plant leaves was shown. It was supposed to reduce ROS level and thus, consequently, enhance the mechanisms of antioxidant protection in M. lupulina plants under conditions of low phosphorus level. Taken together, the obtained results indicate genes that are the most important for the effective symbiosis with M. lupulina and might be engaged in other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey P. Yurkov
- Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.); (A.O.G.); (T.R.K.); (A.I.K.); (A.I.G.); (E.M.B.); (Y.V.K.); (Y.V.L.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Alexey M. Afonin
- Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.); (A.O.G.); (T.R.K.); (A.I.K.); (A.I.G.); (E.M.B.); (Y.V.K.); (Y.V.L.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Alexey A. Kryukov
- Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.); (A.O.G.); (T.R.K.); (A.I.K.); (A.I.G.); (E.M.B.); (Y.V.K.); (Y.V.L.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Anastasia O. Gorbunova
- Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.); (A.O.G.); (T.R.K.); (A.I.K.); (A.I.G.); (E.M.B.); (Y.V.K.); (Y.V.L.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Tatyana R. Kudryashova
- Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.); (A.O.G.); (T.R.K.); (A.I.K.); (A.I.G.); (E.M.B.); (Y.V.K.); (Y.V.L.); (A.P.K.)
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Anastasia I. Kovalchuk
- Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.); (A.O.G.); (T.R.K.); (A.I.K.); (A.I.G.); (E.M.B.); (Y.V.K.); (Y.V.L.); (A.P.K.)
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Anastasia I. Gorenkova
- Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.); (A.O.G.); (T.R.K.); (A.I.K.); (A.I.G.); (E.M.B.); (Y.V.K.); (Y.V.L.); (A.P.K.)
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; (R.K.P.); (V.V.Y.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Ekaterina M. Bogdanova
- Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.); (A.O.G.); (T.R.K.); (A.I.K.); (A.I.G.); (E.M.B.); (Y.V.K.); (Y.V.L.); (A.P.K.)
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; (R.K.P.); (V.V.Y.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Yuri V. Kosulnikov
- Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.); (A.O.G.); (T.R.K.); (A.I.K.); (A.I.G.); (E.M.B.); (Y.V.K.); (Y.V.L.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Yuri V. Laktionov
- Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.); (A.O.G.); (T.R.K.); (A.I.K.); (A.I.G.); (E.M.B.); (Y.V.K.); (Y.V.L.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Andrey P. Kozhemyakov
- Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.); (A.O.G.); (T.R.K.); (A.I.K.); (A.I.G.); (E.M.B.); (Y.V.K.); (Y.V.L.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Daria A. Romanyuk
- Laboratory of Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (D.A.R.); (V.A.Z.)
| | - Vladimir A. Zhukov
- Laboratory of Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (D.A.R.); (V.A.Z.)
| | - Roman K. Puzanskiy
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; (R.K.P.); (V.V.Y.); (M.F.S.)
- Laboratory of Analytical Phytochemistry, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Yulia V. Mikhailova
- Laboratory of Biosystematics and Cytology, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia;
| | - Vladislav V. Yemelyanov
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; (R.K.P.); (V.V.Y.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Maria F. Shishova
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; (R.K.P.); (V.V.Y.); (M.F.S.)
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Ganugi P, Caffi T, Gabrielli M, Secomandi E, Fiorini A, Zhang L, Bellotti G, Puglisi E, Fittipaldi MB, Asinari F, Tabaglio V, Trevisan M, Lucini L. A 3-year application of different mycorrhiza-based plant biostimulants distinctively modulates photosynthetic performance, leaf metabolism, and fruit quality in grapes ( Vitis vinifera L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1236199. [PMID: 37711298 PMCID: PMC10497758 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1236199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of microbial biostimulants in agriculture is recognized as a sustainable approach to promoting crop productivity and quality due to improved nutrient uptake, enhanced stress tolerance, and improved ability to cope with non-optimal environments. The present paper aimed to comparatively investigate the effect of seven different commercial mycorrhizal-based treatments in terms of yield, phytochemical components, and technological traits of Malvasia di Candia Aromatica grape (Vitis vinifera L.) plants. Metabolomic analysis and photosynthetic performance were first investigated in leaves to point out biochemical differences related to plant growth. Higher photosynthetic efficiency and better PSII functioning were found in biostimulant-treated vines, reflecting an overall decrease in photoinhibition compared to untreated plants. Untargeted metabolomics followed by multivariate statistics highlighted a robust reprogramming of primary (lipids) and secondary (alkaloids and terpenoids) metabolites in treated plants. The analysis of berry yield and chemical components exhibited significant differences depending on the biostimulant product. Generally, berries obtained from treated plants displayed improved contents of polyphenols and sugars, while yield remained unchanged. These results elucidated the significant role of microbial biostimulants in determining the quality of grape berries and eliciting biochemical changes in vines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ganugi
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Tito Caffi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Mario Gabrielli
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Elena Secomandi
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
- Department of Sciences, Technologies and Society, University School for Advanced Studies, IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorini
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bellotti
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Edoardo Puglisi
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | | | - Florencia Asinari
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tabaglio
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Marco Trevisan
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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Wahab A, Muhammad M, Munir A, Abdi G, Zaman W, Ayaz A, Khizar C, Reddy SPP. Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Regulating Growth, Enhancing Productivity, and Potentially Influencing Ecosystems under Abiotic and Biotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3102. [PMID: 37687353 PMCID: PMC10489935 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbiotic relationships with the roots of nearly all land-dwelling plants, increasing growth and productivity, especially during abiotic stress. AMF improves plant development by improving nutrient acquisition, such as phosphorus, water, and mineral uptake. AMF improves plant tolerance and resilience to abiotic stressors such as drought, salt, and heavy metal toxicity. These benefits come from the arbuscular mycorrhizal interface, which lets fungal and plant partners exchange nutrients, signalling molecules, and protective chemical compounds. Plants' antioxidant defence systems, osmotic adjustment, and hormone regulation are also affected by AMF infestation. These responses promote plant performance, photosynthetic efficiency, and biomass production in abiotic stress conditions. As a result of its positive effects on soil structure, nutrient cycling, and carbon sequestration, AMF contributes to the maintenance of resilient ecosystems. The effects of AMFs on plant growth and ecological stability are species- and environment-specific. AMF's growth-regulating, productivity-enhancing role in abiotic stress alleviation under abiotic stress is reviewed. More research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms that drive AMF-plant interactions and their responses to abiotic stresses. AMF triggers plants' morphological, physiological, and molecular responses to abiotic stress. Water and nutrient acquisition, plant development, and abiotic stress tolerance are improved by arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. In plants, AMF colonization modulates antioxidant defense mechanisms, osmotic adjustment, and hormonal regulation. These responses promote plant performance, photosynthetic efficiency, and biomass production in abiotic stress circumstances. AMF-mediated effects are also enhanced by essential oils (EOs), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and phosphorus (P). Understanding how AMF increases plant adaptation and reduces abiotic stress will help sustain agriculture, ecosystem management, and climate change mitigation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have gained prominence in agriculture due to their multifaceted roles in promoting plant health and productivity. This review delves into how AMF influences plant growth and nutrient absorption, especially under challenging environmental conditions. We further explore the extent to which AMF bolsters plant resilience and growth during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wahab
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Murad Muhammad
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Asma Munir
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Iran;
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Asma Ayaz
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Chandni Khizar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of the Lahore, Lahore 51000, Pakistan;
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Rasouli F, Hassanpouraghdam MB, Pirsarandib Y, Aazami MA, Asadi M, Ercisli S, Mehrabani LV, Puglisi I, Baglieri A. Improvements in the biochemical responses and Pb and Ni phytoremediation of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.) plants through Funneliformis mosseae inoculation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:252. [PMID: 37173650 PMCID: PMC10182630 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy metals (HMs) phytoremediation is a well-recognized protocol to remove toxic elements from the soil. As known, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance the plants' growth responses. The idea of the present study was to assay the response of lavender plants to HMs stress under AMF inoculation. We hypothesized that mycorrhiza will enhance the phytoremediation and simultaneously reduce the harmful effects of heavy HMs. So, lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.) plants were inoculated with AMF (0 and 5 g Kg-1 soil) under Pb [150 and 225 mg kg-1 soil from Pb (NO3)2] and Ni [220 and 330 mg kg-1 soil from Ni (NO3)2] pollution, in the greenhouse conditions. The control treatment was plants not treated with AMF and HMs. Doing this, the root colonization, HMs uptake, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants pool, MDA, proline, total phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), anthocyanins, and essential oil (EO) components were evaluated. RESULTS According to the findings, the AMF inoculation enhanced shoot and root Pb and Ni content, antioxidant enzymes activity, the total antioxidant activity by DPPH and FRAP methods, TPC, TFC, anthocyanins, and H2O2 content in the lavender plants subjected to Pb and Ni stress. Moreover, the highest (28.91%) and the least (15.81%) percentages of borneol were identified in the lavender plants subjected to AMF under 150 mg kg-1 of Pb and the control plants without AMF application, respectively. Furthermore, the top 1,8-cineole (12.75%) content was recorded in AMF-inoculated plants. CONCLUSIONS The overall results verify that AMF inoculation can be a reliable methodology to enhance the phytoremediation of Pb and Ni by lavender plants while maintaining reliable growth potential. The treatments improved the main EO constituents content, especially under moderate HMs stress conditions. With more detailed studies, the results will be advisable for the extension section for the phytoremediation of polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Rasouli
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, 55181-83111, Iran
| | | | - Yaghoub Pirsarandib
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, 55181-83111, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Aazami
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, 55181-83111, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asadi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, 55181-83111, Iran
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye & HGF Agro, Ata Teknokent, Erzurum, TR-25240, Turkey
| | - Lamia Vojodi Mehrabani
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ivana Puglisi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Baglieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
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Amani Machiani M, Javanmard A, Ostadi A, Alizadeh K. Improvement in Essential Oil Quantity and Quality of Thyme ( Thymus vulgaris L.) by Integrative Application of Chitosan Nanoparticles and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi under Water Stress Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1422. [PMID: 37050048 PMCID: PMC10097372 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Water stress is one of the critical abiotic stresses and limiting factors in the productivity of plants, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In recent years, the application of bio-fertilizer and stress-modulating nanoparticles (NPs) is known as one of the eco-friendly strategies for improving plants quantity and quality under stressful conditions. In order to achieve the desirable essential oil (EO) quality and quantity of thyme in water deficit conditions, a 2-year field experiment was carried out as a split plot based on the randomized complete block design (RCBD), with 12 treatments and three replications. The treatments included different irrigation levels, containing irrigation at 80% field capacity (FC80) as no stress, 60% FC as moderate water stress (FC60) and 40% FC as severe water stress (FC40), as well as four different fertilizer sources, including non-application of fertilizer (control), application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), chitosan NPs (CHT) and co-application of AMF+CHT NPs. The results demonstrated that the dry yield of thyme decreased by 13% and 40.3% under FC60 and FC40 water stress conditions. However, co-application of AMF+CHT NPs enhanced the dry yield of thyme by 21.7% in comparison to the control (non-application of fertilizer). The maximum EO content (2.03%) and EO yield (10.04 g 7 g m-2) of thyme were obtained under moderate water stress (FC60) fertilized with AMF+CHT NPs. Co-application of AMF+CHT NPs enhanced the EO content and EO yield of thyme by 17.1% and 42.7%, respectively. Based on the GC-MS and GC-FID analysis, 38 constituents were identified in the thyme EO, with the major constituents being thymol (35.64-41.31%), p-cymene (16.35-19.38%), γ-terpinene (12.61-13.98%) and carvacrol (2.78-3.93%) respectively. The highest content of thymol and γ-terpinene was obtained under moderate water stress (FC60) fertilized with AMF+CHT NPs. In addition, the highest content of p-cymene and carvacrol was observed in the severe water stress (FC40) fertilized with AMF+CHT NPs. The present research suggests that the co-application of AMF+CHT NPs represents a sustainable and eco-friendly strategy for improving the EO quantity and quality of thyme under water stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Amani Machiani
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55181-83111, Iran
| | - Abdollah Javanmard
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55181-83111, Iran
| | - Ali Ostadi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55181-83111, Iran
| | - Khoshnood Alizadeh
- Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Maragheh 55176-43511, Iran
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Ostadi A, Javanmard A, Amani Machiani M, Kakaei K. Optimizing Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Properties of Peppermint ( Mentha piperita L.) by Integrative Application of Biofertilizer and Stress-Modulating Nanoparticles under Drought Stress Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:151. [PMID: 36616280 PMCID: PMC9824365 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress (DS) negatively affects plant growth, productivity, and quality in semi-arid and arid regions. Nowadays, application of biofertilizers and stress-modulating nanoparticles (NPs) improves plant performance under stressful conditions. The study evaluated the impacts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Myco-Root) and TiO2 NPs on the nutrient uptake, dry yield, essential oil (EO) productivity, and EO quality of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) under different irrigation regimes. The treatments included three irrigation regimes containing irrigation after 20% (I20, well-watered), 40% (I40, mild DS), and 60% (I60, severe DS) maximum allowable depletion (MAD) percentage of the soil's available water as well as four fertilizer sources contain no fertilization (control), Myco-Root biofertilizer, TiO2 NPs, and an integrative application of Myco-Root + TiO2 NPs. The results demonstrated that the highest (195.72 g m-2) and the lowest dry yield (78.76 g m-2) of peppermint was obtained in well-watered conditions with integrative application of Myco-Root + TiO2 NPs and severe drought stress (I60) without fertilization, respectively. The dry yield of peppermint was reduced by 27.7 and 53.4% in mild (I40) and severe drought stress (I60), respectively. The maximum EO content (1.49%) and EO yield (2.30 g m-2) was recorded in mild drought stress (I40) treated with Myco-Root + TiO2 NPs. Based on the GC-MS and GC-FID analysis, 29 constituents were identified in peppermint EO, with the major constituents being menthol (38.99-52%), menthone (12.72-20.13%), 1,8-cineole (6.55-7.84%), and neo-menthol (3.14-4.52%), respectively. The maximum content of menthol, 1,8-cineole, and neo-menthol was obtained under mild drought stress (I40) fertilized with Myco-Root + TiO2 NPs. The results indicate that the integrative application of Myco-Root + TiO2 NPs could be used as an alternative method of using chemical fertilizers in sustainable agricultural systems for improving the EO quantity and quality of peppermint grown under drought stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ostadi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55181-83111, Iran
| | - Abdollah Javanmard
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55181-83111, Iran
| | - Mostafa Amani Machiani
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55181-83111, Iran
| | - Karim Kakaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55181-83111, Iran
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Javanmard A, Amani Machiani M, Haghaninia M, Pistelli L, Najar B. Effects of Green Manures (in the Form of Monoculture and Intercropping), Biofertilizer and Organic Manure on the Productivity and Phytochemical Properties of Peppermint ( Mentha piperita L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2941. [PMID: 36365393 PMCID: PMC9659266 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the application of sustainable and eco-friendly fertilizers plays an important role in improving the essential oil (EO) quantity and quality of medicinal and aromatic plants. Hence, the study aimed to investigate the effects of green manures, organic manures and biofertilizers on the nutrient content, dry matter yield, EO productivity and quality of peppermint. The treatments included green manures [barley monoculture (Bm), hairy vetch monoculture (HVm) and replacement intercropping of 75%HV + 25%B, 50%HV + 50%B and 25%HV + 75%B], arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and vermicompost (VC). A 50%HV + 50%B green manure appears to be the most effective treatment, since it provides the greatest amount of nutrients (N and K, 18.8 g kg-1, and 18.1 g kg-1, respectively), the tallest plants (61.5 cm), the most nodes per plant (17.5), the lateral branches (24.4), the highest leaf greenness index (45.5) and dry yield (266.7 g m-2) in peppermint. Moreover, this treatment evidenced the larger EO content (1.8%) and EO yield (4.84 g m-2). Regardless of the treatments, the chemical composition of peppermint EO was characterized by menthol (32.35-37.73%), menthone (16.96-20.64%) and 1,8-cineole (6.18-7.78%). The maximum content of menthol and 1,8-cineole was obtained by the application of 50%HV + 50%B. Additionally, the highest content of menthone was observed in AMF treatment. These results indicate that the application of 50%HV + 50%B green manures could be suggested as an environmentally friendly strategy for improving EO quantity and quality of peppermint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Javanmard
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh P.O. Box 55136-553, Iran
| | - Mostafa Amani Machiani
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh P.O. Box 55136-553, Iran
| | - Mohammad Haghaninia
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh P.O. Box 55136-553, Iran
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 12, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Basma Najar
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Agro-Environmental Sciences, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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