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Bai X, Chen Z, Chen M, Zeng B, Li X, Tu P, Hu B. Morphological, Anatomical, and Physiological Characteristics of Heteroblastic Acacia melanoxylon Grown under Weak Light. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:870. [PMID: 38592868 PMCID: PMC10974800 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Acacia melanoxylon is a fast-growing macrophanerophyte with strong adaptability whose leaf enables heteromorphic development. Light is one of the essential environmental factors that induces the development of the heteroblastic leaf of A. melanoxylon, but its mechanism is unclear. In this study, the seedlings of A. melanoxylon clones were treated with weak light (shading net with 40% of regular light transmittance) and normal light (control) conditions for 90 d and a follow-up observation. The results show that the seedlings' growth and biomass accumulation were inhibited under weak light. After 60 days of treatment, phyllodes were raised under the control condition while the remaining compound was raised under weak light. The balance of root, stem, and leaf biomass changed to 15:11:74 under weak light, while it was 40:15:45 under control conditions. After comparing the anatomical structures of the compound leaves and phyllode, they were shown to have their own strategies for staying hydrated, while phyllodes were more able to control water loss and adapt to intense light. The compound leaves exhibited elevated levels of K, Cu, Ca, and Mg, increased antioxidant enzyme activity and proline content, and higher concentrations of chlorophyll a, carotenoids, ABA, CTK, and GA. However, they displayed a relatively limited photosynthetic capacity. Phyllodes exhibited higher levels of Fe, cellulose, lignin, IAA content, and high photosynthetic capacity with a higher maximum net photosynthetic rate, light compensation point, dark respiration rate, and water use efficiency. The comparative analysis of compound leaves and phyllodes provides a basis for understanding the diverse survival strategies that heteroblastic plants employ to adapt to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Bai
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Zhaoli Chen
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Mengjiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Bingshan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Panfeng Tu
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
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Ndayambaza B, Si J, Deng Y, Jia B, He X, Zhou D, Wang C, Zhu X, Liu Z, Qin J, Wang B, Bai X. The Euphrates Poplar Responses to Abiotic Stress and Its Unique Traits in Dry Regions of China (Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia): What Should We Know? Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2213. [PMID: 38137039 PMCID: PMC10743205 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
At the moment, drought, salinity, and low-temperature stress are ubiquitous environmental issues. In arid regions including Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia and other areas worldwide, the area of tree plantations appears to be rising, triggering tree growth. Water is a vital resource in the agricultural systems of countries impacted by aridity and salinity. Worldwide efforts to reduce quantitative yield losses on Populus euphratica by adapting tree plant production to unfavorable environmental conditions have been made in response to the responsiveness of the increasing control of water stress. Although there has been much advancement in identifying the genes that resist abiotic stresses, little is known about how plants such as P. euphratica deal with numerous abiotic stresses. P. euphratica is a varied riparian plant that can tolerate drought, salinity, low temperatures, and climate change, and has a variety of water stress adaptability abilities. To conduct this review, we gathered all available information throughout the Web of Science, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the National Center for Biotechnology Information on the impact of abiotic stress on the molecular mechanism and evolution of gene families at the transcription level. The data demonstrated that P. euphratica might gradually adapt its stomatal aperture, photosynthesis, antioxidant activities, xylem architecture, and hydraulic conductivity to endure extreme drought and salt stress. Our analyses will give readers an understanding of how to manage a gene family in desert trees and the influence of abiotic stresses on the productivity of tree plants. They will also give readers the knowledge necessary to improve biotechnology-based tree plant stress tolerance for sustaining yield and quality trees in China's arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boniface Ndayambaza
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianhua Si
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
| | - Yanfang Deng
- Qilian Mountain National Park Qinghai Provincial Administration, Xining 810000, China;
| | - Bing Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaohui He
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Faculty of Resources and Environment, Baotou Teachers’ College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014030, China
| | - Dongmeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinglin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zijin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Boyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Xu R, Liu WG, Huang TW, Li BR, Dai HX, Yang XD. Drought stress-induced the formation of heteromorphic leaves of Populus euphratica Oliv: evidence from gene transcriptome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1194169. [PMID: 37351211 PMCID: PMC10282185 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1194169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Populus euphratica Oliv., a dominant species of arid desert community, grows heteromorphic leaves at different crown positions. Whether heteromorphic leaves are a strategy of plant adaptation to drought stress is rarely reported. This study sequenced the transcriptome of three typical heteromorphic leaves (lanceolate, ovate and broad-ovate leaves) of P. euphratica, and measured their drought stress. We wanted to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of heteromorphic leaves. Drought stress was increased significantly from lanceolate to ovate to broad-ovate leaves. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the MADs-box gene regulated the expression of peroxidase (POD) in the phenylpropane biosynthetic pathway. The up-regulated expression of the chalcone synthase (CHS) gene in broad-ovate leaves significantly activated the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. In the process of leaf shape change, the different expressions of homeodomain leucine zipper (HD-ZIP) among the three heteromorphic leaves had potential interactions on the AUX and ABA pathways. The expression of Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SUS) increased from lanceolate to broad-ovate leaves, resulting in a consistent change in starch and sucrose content. We concluded that these resistance-related pathways are expressed in parallel with leaf formation genes, thereby inducing the formation of heteromorphic leaves. Our work provided a new insights for desert plants to adapt to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wei-Guo Liu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ting-Wen Huang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Bo-Rui Li
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hui-Xian Dai
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yang
- Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques/Center for Land and Marine Spatial Utilization and Governance Research, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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