1
|
Jameel J, Anwar T, Majeed S, Qureshi H, Siddiqi EH, Sana S, Zaman W, Ali HM. Effect of salinity on growth and biochemical responses of brinjal varieties: implications for salt tolerance and antioxidant mechanisms. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:128. [PMID: 38383291 PMCID: PMC10880304 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04836-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Salinity poses significant challenges to agricultural productivity, impacting crops' growth, morphology and biochemical parameters. A pot experiment of three months was conducted between February to April 2023 in the Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur. Four brinjal (eggplant) varieties: ICS-BR-1351, HBR-313-D, HBR-314-E, and HBR-334-D were selected and assessed for the effects of salinity on various growth and biochemical attributes. The experiment was completely randomized in design with three replicates each. This study revealed that increased salinity significantly reduced the shoot length, root length, and leaf number across all varieties, with maximum adverse effects observed at a 300mM NaCl concentration. Among the tested varieties, ICS-BR-1351 demonstrated superior performance in most growth parameters, suggesting potential salt tolerance. Biochemically, salinity decreased chlorophyll content across all varieties, with the sharpest decline observed at the highest salt concentration. V4 (HBR-334-D) showed a 57% decrease in chlorophyll followed by V3 (HBR-314-E) at 56%, V2 (HBR-313-D) at 54%, and V1 (ICS-BR-1351) at 33% decrease at maximum salt levels as compared to control. Conversely, carotenoid content increased up to -42.11% in V3 followed by V2 at -81.48%, V4 at -94.11%, and - 233% in V1 at 300mM NaCl stress as compared to respective controls. V3 (HBR-314-E) has the maximum value for carotenoids while V1 has the lowest value for carotenoids as compared to the other three brinjal varieties. In addition to pigments, the study indicated a salinity-induced decrease in total proteins and total soluble sugar, whereas total amino acids and flavonoids increased. Total proteins showed a decrease in V2 (49.46%) followed by V3 (36.44%), V4 (53.42%), and V1 (53.79%) at maximum salt concentration as compared to plants treated with tap water only. Whereas, total soluble sugars showed a decrease of 52.07% in V3, 41.53% in V2, 19.49% in V1, and 18.99% in V4 at the highest salt level. While discussing total amino acid, plants showed a -9.64% increase in V1 as compared to V4 (-31.10%), V2 (-36.62%), and V3 (-22.61%) with high salt levels in comparison with controls. Plant flavonoid content increased in V3 (-15.61%), V2 (-19.03%), V4 (-18.27%) and V1 (-27.85%) at 300mM salt concentration. Notably, salinity elevated the content of anthocyanin, lycopene, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) across all varieties. Antioxidant enzymes like peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase also increased under salt stress, suggesting an adaptive response to combat oxidative damage. However, V3 (HBR-314-E) has shown an increase in anthocyanin at -80.00%, lycopene at -24.81%, MDA at -168.04%, hydrogen peroxide at -24.22%, POD at -10.71%, CAT as-36.63 and SOD as -99.14% at 300mM NaCl stress as compared to control and other varieties. The enhanced accumulation of antioxidants and other protective compounds suggests an adaptive mechanism in brinjal to combat salt-induced oxidative stress. The salt tolerance of different brinjal varieties was assessed by principal component analysis (PCA), and the order of salt tolerance was V1 (ICS-BR-1351) > V4 (HBR-334-D), > V2 (HBR-313-D) > V3 (HBR-314-E). Among the varieties studied, ICS-BR-1351 demonstrated resilience against saline conditions, potentially offering a promising candidate for saline-prone agricultural areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jawaria Jameel
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Tauseef Anwar
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Saadat Majeed
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Huma Qureshi
- Department of Botany, University of Chakwal, Chakwal, 48800, Pakistan
| | | | - Sundas Sana
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Department Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang P, Huang S, Ma Y, Danish S, Hareem M, Syed A, Elgorban AM, Eswaramoorthy R, Wong LS. Alleviation of salinity stress by EDTA chelated-biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on maize via modulation of antioxidants activity and biochemical attributes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:63. [PMID: 38262953 PMCID: PMC10804780 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Salinity stress adversely affects agricultural productivity by disrupting water uptake, causing nutrient imbalances, and leading to ion toxicity. Excessive salts in the soil hinder crops root growth and damage cellular functions, reducing photosynthetic capacity and inducing oxidative stress. Stomatal closure further limits carbon dioxide uptake that negatively impact plant growth. To ensure sustainable agriculture in salt-affected regions, it is essential to implement strategies like using biofertilizers (e.g. arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi = AMF) and activated carbon biochar. Both amendments can potentially mitigate the salinity stress by regulating antioxidants, gas exchange attributes and chlorophyll contents. The current study aims to explore the effect of EDTA-chelated biochar (ECB) with and without AMF on maize growth under salinity stress. Five levels of ECB (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8%) were applied, with and without AMF. Results showed that 0.8ECB + AMF caused significant enhancement in shoot length (~ 22%), shoot fresh weight (~ 15%), shoot dry weight (~ 51%), root length (~ 46%), root fresh weight (~ 26%), root dry weight (~ 27%) over the control (NoAMF + 0ECB). A significant enhancement in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance was also observed in the condition 0.8ECB + AMF relative to control (NoAMF + 0ECB), further supporting the efficacy of such a combined treatment. Our results suggest that adding 0.8% ECB in soil with AMF inoculation on maize seeds can enhance maize production in saline soils, possibly via improvement in antioxidant activity, chlorophyll contents, gas exchange and morphological attributes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, 233100, China
| | - Shoucheng Huang
- College of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, Anhui, 233100, China.
| | - Yuhan Ma
- College of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, Anhui, 233100, China
| | - Subhan Danish
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, 60000, Pakistan.
| | - Misbah Hareem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The Woman University Multan, Multan, Punjab, 60000, Pakistan.
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah M Elgorban
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMMAND), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Ling Shing Wong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Putra Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Nilai, 71800, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zou Y, Zhang L, Liu R, He L, Hu Z, Liang Y, Lin F, Zhou Y. Endophytic fungus Falciphora oryzae enhances salt tolerance by modulating ion homeostasis and antioxidant defense systems in pepper. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14059. [PMID: 38148194 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi play an important role in the induction of plant tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the role of endophytic fungi in the response of horticultural plants to plant stress remains largely unknown. Here, we addressed the role of the endophytic fungus Falciphora oryzae in enhancing salt tolerance in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) by inoculation with the endophyte in the rhizosphere. F. oryzae could indeed colonize the roots of pepper and significantly improved the tolerance of pepper to salt stress. This resulted in increased plant growth and photosynthetic performance compared with control plants, which was accompanied by increases in indole acetic acid and abscisic acid biosynthesis and signaling. Furthermore, inoculation with F. oryzae significantly upregulated a subset of transcripts involved in Na+ homeostasis (NHX3, NHX6, NHX8, HKT2-1, and SOS1) and the high-affinity K+ transporter protein-related gene HAK1 in the leaves to maintain Na+ /K+ homeostasis. Moreover, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, peroxidase, glutathione, and ascorbate peroxidase), the content of glutathione, the transcript level of genes related to antioxidants (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, peroxidase, glutamate-cysteine ligase, and glutamine synthetase) in the leaves were significantly upregulated after inoculation with F. oryzae, which led to decreased levels of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and reactive oxygen species. These results indicate that inoculation with F. oryzae can enhance the salt tolerance of pepper by promoting ion homeostasis and upregulating antioxidant defense systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Zou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Limeng Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ruicheng Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhangjian Hu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Plant Protection, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fucheng Lin
- Department of Plant Protection, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li L, Du L, Cao Q, Yang Z, Liu Y, Yang H, Duan X, Meng Z. Salt Tolerance Evaluation of Cucumber Germplasm under Sodium Chloride Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2927. [PMID: 37631139 PMCID: PMC10459999 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important horticultural crop worldwide. Sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) in the surface soil are the major limiting factors in coastal areas of Shandong Province in China. Therefore, to understand the mechanism used by cucumber to adapt to sodium chloride (NaCl), we analyzed the phenotypic and physiological indicators of eighteen cucumber germplasms after three days under 100 and 150 mM NaCl treatment. A cluster analysis revealed that eighteen germplasms could be divided into five groups based on their physiological indicators. The first three groups consisted of seven salt-tolerant and medium salt-tolerant germplasms, including HLT1128h, Zhenni, and MC2065. The two remaining groups consisted of five medium salt-sensitive germplasms, including DM26h and M1-2-h-10, and six salt-sensitive germplasms including M1XT and 228. A principal component analysis revealed that the trend of comprehensive scores was consistent with the segmental cluster analysis and survival rates of cucumber seedlings. Overall, the phenotype, comprehensive survival rate, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis revealed that the salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive germplasms were Zhenni, F11-15, MC2065, M1XT, M1-2-h-10, and DM26h. The results of this study will provide references to identify or screen salt-tolerant cucumber germplasms and lay a foundation for breeding salt-tolerant cucumber varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libin Li
- Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology of Shandong Province, Vegetable Science Observation and Experiment Station in Huang—Huai Region of Ministry of Agriculture (Shandong), Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Vegetable Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China (Q.C.)
| | - Lianda Du
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Qiwei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology of Shandong Province, Vegetable Science Observation and Experiment Station in Huang—Huai Region of Ministry of Agriculture (Shandong), Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Vegetable Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China (Q.C.)
| | - Zonghui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology of Shandong Province, Vegetable Science Observation and Experiment Station in Huang—Huai Region of Ministry of Agriculture (Shandong), Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Vegetable Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China (Q.C.)
| | - Yihan Liu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xi Duan
- College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhaojuan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology of Shandong Province, Vegetable Science Observation and Experiment Station in Huang—Huai Region of Ministry of Agriculture (Shandong), Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Vegetable Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China (Q.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rahman KU, Ali K, Rauf M, Arif M. Aspergillus nomiae and fumigatus Ameliorating the Hypoxic Stress Induced by Waterlogging through Ethylene Metabolism in Zea mays L. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2025. [PMID: 37630585 PMCID: PMC10459883 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient and prolonged waterlogging stress (WS) stimulates ethylene (ET) generation in plants, but their reprogramming is critical in determining the plants' fate under WS, which can be combated by the application of symbiotically associated beneficial microbes that induce resistance to WS. The present research was rationalized to explore the potential of the newly isolated 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase-producing fungal endophytic consortium of Aspergillus nomiae (MA1) and Aspergillus fumigatus (MA4) on maize growth promotion under WS. MA1 and MA4 were isolated from the seeds of Moringa oleifera L., which ably produced a sufficient amount of IAA, proline, phenols, and flavonoids. MA1 and MA4 proficiently colonized the root zone of maize (Zea mays L.). The symbiotic association of MA1 and MA4 promoted the growth response of maize compared with the non-inoculated plants under WS stress. Moreover, MA1- and MA4-inoculated maize plants enhanced the production of total soluble protein, sugar, lipids, phenolics, and flavonoids, with a reduction in proline content and H2O2 production. MA1- and MA4-inoculated maize plants showed an increase in the DPPH activity and antioxidant enzyme activities of CAT and POD, along with an increased level of hormonal content (GA3 and IAA) and decreased ABA and ACC contents. Optimal stomatal activity in leaf tissue and adventitious root formation at the root/stem junction was increased in MA1- and MA4-inoculated maize plants, with reduced lysigenous aerenchyma formation, ratio of cortex-to-stele, water-filled cells, and cell gaps within roots; increased tight and round cells; and intact cortical cells without damage. MA1 and MA4 induced a reduction in deformed mesophyll cells, and deteriorated epidermal and vascular bundle cells, as well as swollen metaxylem, phloem, pith, and cortical area, in maize plants under WS compared with control. Moreover, the transcript abundance of ethylene-responsive gene ZmEREB180, responsible for the induction of the WS tolerance in maize, showed optimally reduced expression sufficient for induction in WS tolerance, in MA1- and MA4-inoculated maize plants under WS compared with the non-inoculated control. The existing research supported the use of MA1 and MA4 isolates for establishing the bipartite mutualistic symbiosis in maize to assuage the adverse effects of WS by optimizing ethylene production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Ur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Kashmala Ali
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Mamoona Rauf
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| |
Collapse
|