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Zhu S, Mi J, Zhao B, Wang Z, Yang Z, Wang M, Liu J. Integrative transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals the mechanism of fulvic acid alleviating drought stress in oat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1439747. [PMID: 39363917 PMCID: PMC11446754 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1439747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Drought stress inhibits oat growth and yield. The application of fulvic acid (FA) can improve the drought resistance of oats, but the corresponding molecular mechanism of FA-mediated drought resistance remains unclear. Here, we studied the effects of FA on the drought tolerance of oat leaves through physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomics analyses, and identified FA-induced genes and metabolites related to drought tolerance. Physiological analysis showed that under drought stress, FA increased the relative water and chlorophyll contents of oat leaves, enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, PAL, CAT and 4CL), inhibited the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), reduced the degree of oxidative damage in oat leaves, improved the drought resistance of oats, and promoted the growth of oat plants. Transcriptome and metabolite analyses revealed 652 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 571 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in FA-treated oat leaves under drought stress. These DEGs and DEMs are involved in a variety of biological processes, such as phenylspropanoid biosynthesis and glutathione metabolism pathways. Additionally, FA may be involved in regulating the role of DEGs and DEMs in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and glutathione metabolism under drought stress. In conclusion, our results suggest that FA promotes oat growth under drought stress by attenuating membrane lipid peroxidation and regulating the antioxidant system, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism pathways in oat leaves. This study provides new insights into the complex mechanisms by which FA improves drought tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhu
- Coarse Cereals Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- National agricultural scientific research outstanding talents and their innovation team, Inner Mongolia grassland talents innovation team, Hohhot, China
| | - Junzhen Mi
- Coarse Cereals Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- National agricultural scientific research outstanding talents and their innovation team, Inner Mongolia grassland talents innovation team, Hohhot, China
- Oat Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Oat Engineering Laboratory of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China
| | - Baoping Zhao
- Coarse Cereals Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- National agricultural scientific research outstanding talents and their innovation team, Inner Mongolia grassland talents innovation team, Hohhot, China
- Oat Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Oat Engineering Laboratory of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- National Center of Pratacultural Technology Innovation (under way)/M-Grass Ecology And Environment (Group) Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Zhixue Yang
- Coarse Cereals Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- National agricultural scientific research outstanding talents and their innovation team, Inner Mongolia grassland talents innovation team, Hohhot, China
| | - Mengxin Wang
- Coarse Cereals Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- National agricultural scientific research outstanding talents and their innovation team, Inner Mongolia grassland talents innovation team, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinghui Liu
- Coarse Cereals Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- National agricultural scientific research outstanding talents and their innovation team, Inner Mongolia grassland talents innovation team, Hohhot, China
- Oat Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Oat Engineering Laboratory of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China
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Mahmood MZ, Odeibat HA, Ahmad R, Gatasheh MK, Shahzad M, Abbasi AM. Low apoplastic Na + and intracellular ionic homeostasis confer salinity tolerance upon Ca 2SiO 4 chemigation in Zea mays L. under salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1268750. [PMID: 38235192 PMCID: PMC10791904 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1268750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Salinity is known to have a greater impact on shoot growth than root growth. Na+ buildup in plant tissue under salt stress has been proposed as one of the main issues that causes growth inhibition in crops via ionic imbalances, osmotic stress and pH disturbances. However, the evidence for apoplastic Na+ buildup and the role of silicon in Na+ accumulation at the subcellular level is still enigmatic. The current study focuses on the accumulation of Na+ in the apoplast and symplast of younger and older leaves of two maize varieties (Iqbal as salt-tolerant and Jalal as salt-sensitive) using hydroponic culture along with silicon supplementation under short-term salinity stress. Subcellular ion analysis indicated that silicon nutrition decreased Na+ concentration in both apoplastic washing fluid and symplastic fluid of maize under salt stress. The addition of silicon under NaCl treatment resulted in considerable improvement in fresh biomass, relative water content, chlorophyll content, and concentration of important subcellular ions (i.e., Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+). Knowledge of subcellular ion analysis is essential for solving the mechanisms underlying vital cellular functions e.g. in the current study, the soluble Na+ concentration in the apoplast of older leaves was found to be significantly greater (36.1 mM) in the salt-sensitive variety under NaCl treatment, which was 42.4% higher when compared to the Na+ concentration in the salt-tolerant variety under the same treatment which can influence permeability of cell membrane, signal transduction pathways and provides insights into how ion compartmentalization can contributes to salt tolerance. Calcium silicate enrichment can contribute to increased growth and improved ionic homeostasis by minimizing leaf electrolyte leakage, improving mechanical functions of cell wall and reducing water loss, and improved photosynthetic function. In current investigation, increased water content and intracellular ionic homeostasis along with reduced concentration of Na+ in the maize leaf apoplast suggest that calcium silicate can be used to ameliorate the adverse effects of salt stress and obtain yield using marginal saline lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moniba Zahid Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Hamza Ahmad Odeibat
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafiq Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Mansour K. Gatasheh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Mehmood Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
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