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Ahmad S, Khan Sehrish A, Hussain A, Zhang L, Owdah Alomrani S, Ahmad A, Al-Ghanim KA, Ali Alshehri M, Ali S, Sarker PK. Salt stress amelioration and nutrient strengthening in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) via biochar amendment and zinc fortification: seed priming versus foliar application. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15062. [PMID: 38956110 PMCID: PMC11220015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major nutritional challenge with poor agriculture production characterized by high sodium (Na+) ions in the soil. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and biochar have received attention as a sustainable strategy to reduce biotic and abiotic stress. However, there is a lack of information regarding the incorporation of ZnO NPs with biochar to ameliorate the salinity stress (0, 50,100 mM). Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the potentials of ZnO NPs application (priming and foliar) alone and with a combination of biochar on the growth and nutrient availability of spinach plants under salinity stress. Results demonstrated that salinity stress at a higher rate (100 mM) showed maximum growth retardation by inducing oxidative stress, resulted in reduced photosynthetic rate and nutrient availability. ZnO NPs (priming and foliar) alone enhanced growth, chlorophyll contents and gas exchange parameters by improving the antioxidant enzymes activity of spinach under salinity stress. While, a significant and more pronounced effect was observed at combined treatments of ZnO NPs with biochar amendment. More importantly, ZnO NPs foliar application with biochar significantly reduced the Na+ contents in root 57.69%, and leaves 61.27% of spinach as compared to the respective control. Furthermore, higher nutrient contents were also found at the combined treatment of ZnO NPs foliar application with biochar. Overall, ZnO NPs combined application with biochar proved to be an efficient and sustainable strategy to alleviate salinity stress and improve crop nutritional quality under salinity stress. We inferred that ZnO NPs foliar application with a combination of biochar is more effectual in improving crop nutritional status and salinity mitigation than priming treatments with a combination of biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Adiba Khan Sehrish
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Lidan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sarah Owdah Alomrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts, Najran University, 66252, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azeem Ahmad
- Soil and Water Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Soil and Environment Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid A Al-Ghanim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ali Alshehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Pallab K Sarker
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
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Silva Filho AM, Costa DS, Gheyi HR, Melo AS, Silva AARD, Nunes KG, Bonou SI, Souza AR, Ferraz RLS, Nascimento R. Photosynthetic pigments and quantum yield of West Indian cherry under salt stress and NPK combinations. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e277329. [PMID: 38055508 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.277329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
West Indian cherry cultivation has proved to be an important economic activity in northeastern Brazil. However, irrigation with brackish waters limits cultivation, requiring new strategies to minimize the effect of salt stress. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) combinations on the photosynthetic pigments and quantum yield of West Indian cherry cultivated under salt stress, in the second year of production. The assay was conducted in a protected environment by adopting an experimental design in randomized blocks, with treatments distributed in a 2×10 factorial arrangement referring to two electrical conductivity levels of irrigation water - ECw (0.6 and 4.0 dS m-1) and 10 NPK fertilization combinations - FC (80-100-100; 100-100-100; 120-100-100; 140-100-100; 100-80-100; 100-120-100; 100-140-100; 100-100-80; 100-100-120, and 100-100-140% of the recommendation, in the second year of production), with three replications, each consisting of one plant. Irrigation with the electrical conductivity of 4.0 dS m-1 negatively affected the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments and the photochemical efficiency of the West Indian cherry cv. Flor Branca. The NPK combinations did not attenuate the effects of salt stress on the analyzed variables. However, the combinations referring to 120-100-100%, 140-100-100%, and 100-120-100% of NPK recommendation improved the quantum yield of photosystem II by reducing the initial fluorescence and increasing the maximum fluorescence of the West Indian cherry cv. Flor Branca.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Silva Filho
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola - UAEA, Campus Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
| | - D S Costa
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola - UAEA, Campus Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
| | - H R Gheyi
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola - UAEA, Campus Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
| | - A S Melo
- Universidade Estadual da Paraíba - UEPB, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Agrárias - PPGCA, Campus Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
| | - A A R da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola - UAEA, Campus Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
| | - K G Nunes
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola - UAEA, Campus Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
| | - S I Bonou
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola - UAEA, Campus Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
| | - A R Souza
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola - UAEA, Campus Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
| | - R L S Ferraz
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Unidade Acadêmica de Tecnologia do Desenvolvimento, Campus Sumé, Sumé, PB, Brasil
| | - R Nascimento
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola - UAEA, Campus Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
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Song W, Shao H, Zheng A, Zhao L, Xu Y. Advances in Roles of Salicylic Acid in Plant Tolerance Responses to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3475. [PMID: 37836215 PMCID: PMC10574961 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
A multitude of biotic and abiotic stress factors do harm to plants by bringing about diseases and inhibiting normal growth and development. As a pivotal signaling molecule, salicylic acid (SA) plays crucial roles in plant tolerance responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses, thereby maintaining plant normal growth and improving yields under stress. In view of this, this paper mainly discusses the role of SA in both biotic and abiotic stresses of plants. SA regulates the expression of genes involved in defense signaling pathways, thus enhancing plant immunity. In addition, SA mitigates the negative effects of abiotic stresses, and acts as a signaling molecule to induce the expression of stress-responsive genes and the synthesis of stress-related proteins. In addition, SA also improves certain yield-related photosynthetic indexes, thereby enhancing crop yield under stress. On the other hand, SA acts with other signaling molecules, such as jasmonic acid (JA), auxin, ethylene (ETH), and so on, in regulating plant growth and improving tolerance under stress. This paper reviews recent advances in SA's roles in plant stress tolerance, so as to provide theoretical references for further studies concerning the decryption of molecular mechanisms for SA's roles and the improvement of crop management under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Song
- School of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China; (W.S.); (A.Z.); (L.Z.); (Y.X.)
- Key Laboratory on Agricultural Microorganism Resources Development of Shangqiu, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Hongbo Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-Agriculture, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224002, China
- Salt-Soil Agricultural Center, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences (JAAS), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Aizhen Zheng
- School of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China; (W.S.); (A.Z.); (L.Z.); (Y.X.)
- Key Laboratory on Agricultural Microorganism Resources Development of Shangqiu, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Longfei Zhao
- School of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China; (W.S.); (A.Z.); (L.Z.); (Y.X.)
- Key Laboratory on Agricultural Microorganism Resources Development of Shangqiu, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Yajun Xu
- School of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China; (W.S.); (A.Z.); (L.Z.); (Y.X.)
- Key Laboratory on Agricultural Microorganism Resources Development of Shangqiu, Shangqiu 476000, China
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