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Zhou Z, Wu M, Sun B, Li J, Li J, Liu Z, Gao M, Xue L, Xu S, Wang R. Identification of transcription factor genes responsive to MeJA and characterization of a LaMYC2 transcription factor positively regulates lycorine biosynthesis in Lycoris aurea. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 296:154218. [PMID: 38490054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are among the main phytohormones, regulating plant growth and development, stress responses, and secondary metabolism. As the major regulator of the JA signaling pathway, MYC2 also plays an important role in plant secondary metabolite synthesis and accumulation. In this study, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of Lycoris aurea seedlings subjected to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) at different treatment times. A total of 31,193 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by RNA sequencing. Among them, 732 differentially expressed transcription factors (TFs) comprising 51 TF families were characterized. The most abundant TF family was WRKY proteins (80), followed by AP2/ERF-EFR (67), MYB (59), bHLH (52), and NAC protein (49) families. Subsequently, by calculating the Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC) between the expression level of TF DEGs and the lycorine contents, 41 potential TF genes (|PCC| >0.8) involved in lycorine accumulation were identified, including 36 positive regulators and 5 negative regulators. Moreover, a MeJA-inducible MYC2 gene (namely LaMYC2) was cloned on the basis of transcriptome sequencing. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that LaMYC2 proteins contain the bHLH-MYC_N domain and bHLH-AtAIB_like motif. LaMYC2 protein is localized in the cell nucleus, and can partly rescue the MYC2 mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana. LaMYC2 protein could interact with most LaJAZs (especially LaJAZ3 and LaJAZ4) identified previously. Transient overexpression of LaMYC2 increased lycorine contents in L. aurea petals, which might be associated with the activation of the transcript levels of tyrosine decarboxylase (TYDC) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) genes. By isolating the 887-bp-length promoter fragment upstream of the start codon (ATG) of LaTYDC, we found several different types of E-box motifs (CANNTG) in the promoter of LaTYDC. Further study demonstrated that LaMYC2 was indeed able to bind the E-box (CACATG) present in the LaTYDC promoter, verifying that the pathway genes involved in lycorine biosynthesis could be regulated by LaMYC2, and that LaMYC2 has positive roles in the regulation of lycorine biosynthesis. These findings demonstrate that LaMYC2 is a positive regulator of lycorine biosynthesis and may facilitate further functional research of the LaMYC2 gene, especially its potential regulatory roles in Amaryllidaceae alkaloid accumulation in L. aurea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhou
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Wuxi Taihu University, Wuxi, 214063, China
| | - Mingzhu Wu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Junde Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Zhengtai Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Lei Xue
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Ren Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Wang N, Shu X, Zhang F, Song G, Wang Z. Characterization of the Heat Shock Transcription Factor Family in Lycoris radiata and Its Potential Roles in Response to Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:271. [PMID: 38256823 PMCID: PMC10819275 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) are an essential plant-specific transcription factor family that regulates the developmental and growth stages of plants, their signal transduction, and their response to different abiotic and biotic stresses. The HSF gene family has been characterized and systematically observed in various species; however, research on its association with Lycoris radiata is limited. This study identified 22 HSF genes (LrHSFs) in the transcriptome-sequencing data of L. radiata and categorized them into three classes including HSFA, HSFB, and HSFC, comprising 10, 8, and 4 genes, respectively. This research comprises basic bioinformatics analyses, such as protein sequence length, molecular weight, and the identification of its conserved motifs. According to the subcellular localization assessment, most LrHSFs were present in the nucleus. Furthermore, the LrHSF gene expression in various tissues, flower developmental stages, two hormones stress, and under four different abiotic stresses were characterized. The data indicated that LrHSF genes, especially LrHSF5, were essentially involved in L. radiata development and its response to different abiotic and hormone stresses. The gene-gene interaction network analysis revealed the presence of synergistic effects between various LrHSF genes' responses against abiotic stresses. In conclusion, these results provided crucial data for further functional analyses of LrHSF genes, which could help successful molecular breeding in L. radiata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (N.W.); (X.S.); (F.Z.); (G.S.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaochun Shu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (N.W.); (X.S.); (F.Z.); (G.S.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (N.W.); (X.S.); (F.Z.); (G.S.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Guowei Song
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (N.W.); (X.S.); (F.Z.); (G.S.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (N.W.); (X.S.); (F.Z.); (G.S.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
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Sun Y, Li M, Li X, Du J, Li W, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, He W, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Wang X, Luo Y, Xiong A, Tang H. Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds in Five Celery ( Apium graveolens L.) Cultivars with Different Petiole Colors by HS-SPME-GC-MS. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13343. [PMID: 37686147 PMCID: PMC10488006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is an important vegetable crop cultivated worldwide for its medicinal properties and distinctive flavor. Volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis is a valuable tool for the identification and classification of species. Currently, less research has been conducted on aroma compounds in different celery varieties and colors. In this study, five different colored celery were quantitatively analyzed for VOCs using HS-SPME, GC-MS determination, and stoichiometry methods. The result revealed that γ-terpinene, d-limonene, 2-hexenal,-(E)-, and β-myrcene contributed primarily to the celery aroma. The composition of compounds in celery exhibited a correlation not only with the color of the variety, with green celery displaying a higher concentration compared with other varieties, but also with the specific organ, whereby the content and distribution of volatile compounds were primarily influenced by the leaf rather than the petiole. Seven key genes influencing terpenoid synthesis were screened to detect expression levels. Most of the genes exhibited higher expression in leaves than petioles. In addition, some genes, particularly AgDXS and AgIDI, have higher expression levels in celery than other genes, thereby influencing the regulation of terpenoid synthesis through the MEP and MVA pathways, such as hydrocarbon monoterpenes. This study identified the characteristics of flavor compounds and key aroma components in different colored celery varieties and explored key genes involved in the regulation of terpenoid synthesis, laying a theoretical foundation for understanding flavor chemistry and improving its quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.S.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (W.H.); (Q.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.S.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (W.H.); (Q.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.S.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (W.H.); (Q.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jiageng Du
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.S.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (W.H.); (Q.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Weilong Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.S.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (W.H.); (Q.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuanxiu Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.S.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (W.H.); (Q.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yunting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.S.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (W.H.); (Q.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.S.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (W.H.); (Q.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wen He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.S.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (W.H.); (Q.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.S.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (W.H.); (Q.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.S.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (W.H.); (Q.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.S.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (W.H.); (Q.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.S.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (W.H.); (Q.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Aisheng Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.S.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (W.H.); (Q.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
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Rong H, Han X, Xin Y, Ni Z, Zhang W, Xu L. Small RNA and Degradome Sequencing Reveal Roles of miRNAs in the Petal Color Fading of Malus Crabapple. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11384. [PMID: 37511142 PMCID: PMC10379340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Malus crabapple is an important woody ornamental plant. The fading of petals during its development significantly affects their ornamental value. Petal color is related to anthocyanin content and miRNAs play an important role in the post-transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin synthesis. However, the mechanisms underlying miRNA regulation of petal fading have rarely been studied. Transcriptome and small RNA sequencing of petals from the blooming phases of Malus. 'Indian Summer' varieties S1 (small bud), S2 (initial-flowering), and S3 (late-flowering) allowed us to identify 230 known miRNAs and 17 novel miRNAs, including 52 differentially expressed miRNAs which targeted 494 genes and formed 823 miRNA-target pairs. Based on the target gene annotation results, miRNA-target pairs were screened that may be involved in the fading process of Malus crabapple petals through three different pathways: anthocyanin synthesis, transport, and degradation, involving mcr-miR858-MYB1\MYB5 and mcr-miR396-McCHI inhibiting anthocyanin synthesis; mcr-miR167, mcr-miR390, mcr-miR535, and mcr-miR858 inhibiting anthocyanin transport from the cytoplasm to the vacuole by targeting ABC transporter genes (ABCB, ABCC, ABCD, and ABCG); and mcr-miR398 targeting the superoxide dismutase genes (CZSOD2 and CCS) to accelerate anthocyanin degradation. These findings offer a novel approach to understanding the mechanism of petal fading and serve as a reference for other plants with floral fading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Rong
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xin Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yue Xin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhouxian Ni
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wangxiang Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Li'an Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Ke Y, Zhou Y, Lv Y, Qi Y, Wei H, Lei Y, Huang F, Abbas F. Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis provides insights on the floral scent formation in Hydrangea arborescens. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023:e13914. [PMID: 37072650 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens var. 'Annabelle') flowers are composed of sweet aroma sepals rather than true petals and can change color. Floral volatiles play important roles in plants, such as attracting pollinators, defending against herbivores, and signaling. However, the biosynthesis and regulatory mechanisms underlying fragrance formation in H. arborescens during flower development remain unknown. In this study, a combination of metabolite profiling and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was employed to identify genes associated with floral scent biosynthesis mechanisms in 'Annabelle' flowers at three developmental stages (F1, F2, and F3). The floral volatile data revealed that the 'Annabelle' volatile profile includes a total of 33 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and VOCs were abundant during the F2 stage of flower development, followed by the F1 and F3 stages, respectively. Terpenoids and benzenoids/phenylpropanoids were abundant during the F2 and F1 stages, with the latter being the most abundant, whereas fatty acid derivatives and other compounds were found in large amount during the F3 stage. According to ultra performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis, benzene and substituted derivatives, carboxylic acids and derivatives, and fatty acyls play a significant role in the floral metabolite profile. The transcriptome data revealed a total of 17,461 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 7,585, 12,795, and 9,044 DEGs discovered between the F2 and F1, F3 and F1, and F2 and F3 stages, respectively. Several terpenoids and benzenoids/phenylpropanoids biosynthesis-related DEGs were identified, and GRAS/bHLH/MYB/AP2/WRKY were more abundant among transcription factors (TFs). Finally, DEGs interlinked with VOCs compounds were determined using cytoscape and k-means analysis. Our results paves the way for the discovery of new genes, critical data for future genetic studies, and a platform for the metabolic engineering of genes involved in the production of Hydrangea's signature floral fragrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanguo Ke
- College of Economics and Management, Kunming University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering and Technological Research Center, College of Agronomy, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Yiwei Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiying Lv
- Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering and Technological Research Center, College of Agronomy, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Qi
- Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering and Technological Research Center, College of Agronomy, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Huanyu Wei
- Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering and Technological Research Center, College of Agronomy, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering and Technological Research Center, College of Agronomy, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Feiyan Huang
- Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering and Technological Research Center, College of Agronomy, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Farhat Abbas
- College of Economics and Management, Kunming University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang N, Song G, Zhang F, Shu X, Cheng G, Zhuang W, Wang T, Li Y, Wang Z. Characterization of the WRKY Gene Family Related to Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and the Regulation Mechanism under Drought Stress and Methyl Jasmonate Treatment in Lycoris radiata. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032423. [PMID: 36768747 PMCID: PMC9917153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lycoris radiata, belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family, is a well-known Chinese traditional medicinal plant and susceptible to many stresses. WRKY proteins are one of the largest families of transcription factors (TFs) in plants and play significant functions in regulating physiological metabolisms and abiotic stress responses. The WRKY TF family has been identified and investigated in many medicinal plants, but its members and functions are not identified in L. radiata. In this study, a total of 31 L. radiata WRKY (LrWRKY) genes were identified based on the transcriptome-sequencing data. Next, the LrWRKYs were divided into three major clades (Group I-III) based on the WRKY domains. A motif analysis showed the members within same group shared a similar motif component, indicating a conservational function. Furthermore, subcellular localization analysis exhibited that most LrWRKYs were localized in the nucleus. The expression pattern of the LrWRKY genes differed across tissues and might be important for Lycoris growth and flower development. There were large differences among the LrWRKYs based on the transcriptional levels under drought stress and MeJA treatments. Moreover, a total of 18 anthocyanin components were characterized using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis and pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside-5-O-arabinoside as well as cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside were identified as the major anthocyanin aglycones responsible for the coloration of the red petals in L. radiata. We further established a gene-to-metabolite correlation network and identified LrWRKY3 and LrWRKY27 significant association with the accumulation of pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside-5-O-arabinoside in the Lycoris red petals. These results provide an important theoretical basis for further exploring the molecular basis and regulatory mechanism of WRKY TFs in anthocyanin biosynthesis and in response to drought stress and MeJA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Guowei Song
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaochun Shu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Guanghao Cheng
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Weibing Zhuang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
- Correspondence:
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Wang N, Shu X, Zhang F, Wang Z. Transcriptome-wide characterization of bHLH transcription factor genes in Lycoris radiata and functional analysis of their response to MeJA. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:975530. [PMID: 36704164 PMCID: PMC9872026 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.975530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As one of the biggest plant specific transcription factor (TF) families, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein, plays significant roles in plant growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. However, there has been minimal research about the effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment on the bHLH gene family in Lycoris radiata (L'Her.) Herb. In this study, based on transcriptome sequencing data, 50 putative L. radiata bHLH (LrbHLH) genes with complete open reading frames (ORFs), which were divided into 20 bHLH subfamilies, were identified. The protein motif analyses showed that a total of 10 conserved motifs were found in LrbHLH proteins and motif 1 and motif 2 were the most highly conserved motifs. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of LrbHLH genes revealed their involvement in regulation of plant growth, jasmonic acid (JA) mediated signaling pathway, photoperiodism, and flowering. Furthermore, subcellular localization revealed that most LrbHLHs were located in the nucleus. Expression pattern analysis of LrbHLH genes in different tissues and at flower developmental stages suggested that their expression differed across lineages and might be important for plant growth and organ development in Lycoris. In addition, all LrbHLH genes exhibited specific spatial and temporal expression patterns under MeJA treatment. Moreover, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and yeast two-hybrid assay showed that numerous LrbHLHs could interact with jasmonate ZIM (zinc-finger inflorescence meristem) domain (JAZ) proteins. This research provides a theoretical basis for further investigation of LrbHLHs to find their functions and insights for their regulatory mechanisms involved in JA signaling pathway.
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Cui X, Qin X, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Bao H, Hu Y, Shen X. Analysis of Flavonoid Metabolism during the Process of Petal Discoloration in Three Malus Crabapple Cultivars. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:37304-37314. [PMID: 36312389 PMCID: PMC9608404 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Malus crabapple has high ornamental and ecological value. Here, the flavonoids in the petals of three pink Malus crabapple cultivars, Malus 'Strawberry Parfait' (GD), M. 'Pink Spire' (FY), and M. 'Hongyi' (HY), at the bud stage (flower buds are swollen, and the pistils and stamens are about to appear; L), full bloom stage (the flowers are fully open, and the stigma and anthers have recently appeared; S), and end bloom stage (the stigma and anthers are dry; M) were identified, and their abundances were determined. First, Kodak Color Control Patches were used to describe the colors of petals, and a colorimeter was used to determine the phenotypic values of flower colors. Flavonoids were determined using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). In all three crabapple cultivars, the red and yellow hues of the petals gradually disappeared, the color of the flowers changed from bright to dull, and the petals gradually faded. The extent of fading of the red hue of the petals was highest in GD, followed by FY and HY. A total of 302 metabolites were detected in the three cultivars. The content of total flavonoids in the three cultivars significantly differed, but there were no significant differences among species. The total flavonoid content of the three crabapple varieties was highest in HY, followed by FY and GD. The content of the anthocyanins delphinidin-3-O-sophoricoside-5-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-(6″-O-malonyl)glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin-3-O-glucoside, and cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside decreased significantly, which resulted in the discoloration of GD petals from L to M. The flavonoids and flavonols in FY might interact with anthocyanins in metabolic pathways. The content of these five anthocyanins decreased slowly, which resulted in the weaker discoloration of FY and HY compared with GD. The content of the five anthocyanins in HY did not decrease significantly, but the content of chalcone increased significantly, which might facilitate the production of anthocyanin auxiliary pigments and result in less pronounced fading of the petals. Cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside and pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside were the key flavonoids of the three crabapple cultivars. The total content and changes in anthocyanins were the key factors affecting petal color development and fading. Nonanthocyanin polyphenols, such as flavonoids, flavonols, and chalcone, are auxiliary pigments that affect petal fading. Overall, the results of this study provide new insights into the mechanism underlying the fading of the color of Malus crabapple flowers, and these new insights could aid the breeding of cultivars with different flower colors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Cui
- State
Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and
Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xin Qin
- State
Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and
Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yangbo Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and
Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and
Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Huaixin Bao
- Daiyue
District Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Tai’an, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Yanli Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and
Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiang Shen
- State
Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and
Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
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9
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Wang AH, Ma HY, Zhang BH, Mo CY, Li EH, Li F. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Provide Insights into the Formation of the Peach-like Aroma of Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlecht. Fruits. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071285. [PMID: 35886068 PMCID: PMC9318527 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlecht. is a wild diploid strawberry species. The intense peach-like aroma of its fruits makes F. nilgerrensis an excellent resource for strawberry breeding programs aimed at enhancing flavors. However, the formation of the peach-like aroma of strawberry fruits has not been comprehensively characterized. In this study, fruit metabolome and transcriptome datasets for F. nilgerrensis (HA; peach-like aroma) and its interspecific hybrids PA (peach-like aroma) and NA (no peach-like aroma; control) were compared. In total, 150 differentially accumulated metabolites were detected. The K-means analysis revealed that esters/lactones, including acetic acid, octyl ester, δ-octalactone, and δ-decalactone, were more abundant in HA and PA than in NA. These metabolites may be important for the formation of the peach-like aroma of F. nilgerrensis fruits. The significantly enriched gene ontology terms assigned to the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were fatty acid metabolic process and fatty acid biosynthetic process. Twenty-seven DEGs were predicted to be associated with ester and lactone biosynthesis, including AAT, LOX, AOS, FAD, AIM1, EH, FAH, ADH, and cytochrome P450 subfamily genes. Thirty-five transcription factor genes were predicted to be associated with aroma formation, including bHLH, MYB, bZIP, NAC, AP2, GATA, and TCPfamily members. Moreover, we identified differentially expressed FAD, AOS, and cytochrome P450 family genes and NAC, MYB, and AP2 transcription factor genes that were correlated with δ-octalactone and δ-decalactone. These findings provide key insights into the formation of the peach-like aroma of F. nilgerrensis fruits, with implications for the increased use of wild strawberry resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hua Wang
- Horticulture Institute (Guizhou Horticultural Engineering Technology Research Center), Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China; (A.-H.W.); (H.-Y.M.); (B.-H.Z.); (C.-Y.M.)
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234099, China
| | - Hong-Ye Ma
- Horticulture Institute (Guizhou Horticultural Engineering Technology Research Center), Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China; (A.-H.W.); (H.-Y.M.); (B.-H.Z.); (C.-Y.M.)
| | - Bao-Hui Zhang
- Horticulture Institute (Guizhou Horticultural Engineering Technology Research Center), Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China; (A.-H.W.); (H.-Y.M.); (B.-H.Z.); (C.-Y.M.)
| | - Chuan-Yuan Mo
- Horticulture Institute (Guizhou Horticultural Engineering Technology Research Center), Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China; (A.-H.W.); (H.-Y.M.); (B.-H.Z.); (C.-Y.M.)
| | - En-Hong Li
- Guizhou Seed Management Station, Guiyang 550001, China;
| | - Fei Li
- Horticulture Institute (Guizhou Horticultural Engineering Technology Research Center), Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China; (A.-H.W.); (H.-Y.M.); (B.-H.Z.); (C.-Y.M.)
- Correspondence: author:
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10
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Zhu M, Bin J, Ding H, Pan D, Tian Q, Yang X, Wang L, Yue Y. Insights into the trihelix transcription factor responses to salt and other stresses in Osmanthus fragrans. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:334. [PMID: 35488201 PMCID: PMC9055724 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osmanthus fragrans is an evergreen plant with high ornamental and economic values. However, they are easily injured by salt stress, which severely limits their use in high salinity areas. The trihelix transcription factor (TF) family, as one of the earliest discovered TF families in plants, plays an essential part in responses to different abiotic stresses, and it has potential functions in improving the salt-tolerance capability of O. fragrans. RESULTS In this study, 56 trihelix genes (OfGTs) were first identified in O. fragrans and then divided into five subfamilies in accordance with a phylogenetic tree analysis. The OfGTs were found to be located randomly on the 20 O. fragrans chromosomes, and an analysis of gene replication events indicated that the OfGT gene family underwent strong purification selection during the evolutionary process. The analysis of conserved motifs and gene structures implied that the OfGT members in the same subfamily have similar conserved motifs and gene structures. A promoter cis-elements analysis showed that all the OfGT genes contained multiple abiotic and hormonal stress-related cis-elements. The RNA-seq data suggested that the OfGTs have specific expression patterns in different tissues, and some were induced by salt stress. The qRT-PCR analysis of 12 selected OfGTs confirmed that OfGT1/3/21/33/42/45/46/52 were induced, with OfGT3/42/46 being the most highly expressed. In addition, OfGT42/OfGT46 had a co-expression pattern under salt-stress conditions. OfGT3/42/46 were mainly localized in the nuclei and exhibited no transcriptional activities based on the analysis of the subcellular localization and transcriptional activity assay. Furthermore, the expression levels of most of the selected OfGTs were induced by multiple abiotic and hormonal stresses, and the expression patterns of some OfGTs were also highly correlated with gibberellic acid and methyl jasmonate levels. Remarkably, the transient transformation results showed lower MDA content and increased expression of ROS-related genes NbAPX in transgenic plants, which implying OfGT3/42/46 may improve the salt tolerance of tobacco. CONCLUSIONS The results implied that the OfGT genes were related to abiotic and hormonal stress responses in O. fragrans, and that the OfGT3/42/46 genes in particular might play crucial roles in responses to salt stress. This study made a comprehensive summary of the OfGT gene family, including functions and co-expression patterns in response to salt and other stresses, as well as an evolutionary perspective. Consequently, it lays a foundation for further functional characterizations of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Bin
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Duo Pan
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianggui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China. .,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanzheng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China. .,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
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11
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New Insights into the Roles of Osmanthus Fragrans Heat-Shock Transcription Factors in Cold and Other Stress Responses. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans) is an evergreen woody plant that emits a floral aroma and is widely used in the landscape and fragrance industries. However, its application and cultivation regions are limited by cold stress. Heat-shock transcription factor (HSF) family members are widely present in plants and participate in, and regulate, the defense processes of plants under various abiotic stress conditions, but now, the role of this family in the responses of O. fragrans to cold stress is still not clear. Here, 46 OfHSF members were identified in the O. fragrans genome and divided into three subfamilies on the basis of a phylogenetic analysis. The promoter regions of most OfHSFs contained many cis-acting elements involved in multiple hormonal and abiotic stresses. RNA-seq data revealed that most of OfHSF genes were differentially expressed in various tissues, and some OfHSF members were induced by cold stress. The qRT-PCR analysis identified four OfHSFs that were induced by both cold and heat stresses, in which OfHSF11 and OfHSF43 had contrary expression trends under cold stress conditions and their expression patterns both showed recovery tendencies after the cold stress. OfHSF11 and OfHSF43 localized to the nuclei and their expression patterns were also induced under multiple abiotic stresses and hormonal treatments, indicating that they play critical roles in responses to multiple stresses. Furthermore, after a cold treatment, transient expression revealed that the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of OfHSF11-transformed tobacco significantly increased, and the expression levels of cold-response regulatory gene NbDREB3, cold response gene NbLEA5 and ROS detoxification gene NbCAT were significantly inhibited, implying that OfHSF11 is a negative regulator of cold responses in O. fragrans. Our study contributes to the further functional characterization of OfHSFs and will be useful in developing improved cold-tolerant cultivars of O. fragrans.
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12
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Wang N, Shu X, Zhang F, Zhuang W, Wang T, Wang Z. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Key Regulatory Genes Involved in Anthocyanin Metabolism During Flower Development in Lycoris radiata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:761862. [PMID: 34975946 PMCID: PMC8715008 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.761862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lycoris is used as a garden flower due to the colorful and its special flowers. Floral coloration of Lycoris is a vital trait that is mainly regulated via the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. In this study, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of Lycoris radiata petals at four different flower development stages. A total of 38,798 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by RNA sequencing, and the correlation between the expression level of the DEGs and the anthocyanin content was explored. The identified DEGs are significantly categorized into 'flavonoid biosynthesis,' 'phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,' 'Tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis,' 'terpenoid backbone biosynthesis' and 'plant hormone signal transduction' by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. The candidate genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation in L. radiata petals during flower development stages were also identified, which included 56 structural genes (especially LrDFR1 and LrFLS) as well as 27 key transcription factor DEGs (such as C3H, GATA, MYB, and NAC). In addition, a key structural gene namely LrDFR1 of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway was identified as a hub gene in anthocyanin metabolism network. During flower development stages, the expression level of LrDFR1 was positively correlated with the anthocyanin content. Subcellular localization revealed that LrDFR1 is majorly localized in the nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane. Overexpression of LrDFR1 increased the anthocyanin accumulation in tobacco leaves and Lycoris petals, suggesting that LrDFR1 acts as a positively regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our results provide new insights for elucidating the function of anthocyanins in L. radiata petal coloring during flower development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaochun Shu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Weibing Zhuang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
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13
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Yang BT, Wen B, Ji Y, Wang Q, Zhang HR, Zhang Y, Gao JZ, Chen ZZ. Comparative metabolomics analysis of pigmentary and structural coloration in discus fish (Symphysodon haraldi). J Proteomics 2020; 233:104085. [PMID: 33378721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Discus fish have a variety of body colors including pigmentary and structural colors, studies on specific substances and related metabolic pathways associated with body coloration, however, are scarce to the present. Here, we used single-color (blue, yellow and white) of discus for comparative metabolomics analysis of pigmentary and structural coloration. Statistical model showed significant separations between three colors of discus, suggesting the distinct metabolite profiles of discus pigmentary and structural colors. More astaxanthin was found in yellow discus, which might be the cause of yellow pigmentary color. Moreover, docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine, dodecanoic acid and myristic acid related to lipid metabolism and pathways of ABC transporters and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids were more enriched in yellow discus. More adenine, xanthine and hypoxanthine were enriched in blue discus, which might account for the blue structural color. Moreover, amino acids associated with purine biosynthesis, e.g., L-alanine and L-isoleucine, were reduced but pathways of protein digestion and absorption, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, purine metabolism and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism were enriched in blue discus. Overall, these results reveal specific chromophores and related metabolic pathways involved in pigmentary and structural coloration of discus fish. SIGNIFICANCE: We detected specific chromophores present in skin of pigmentary and structural colors of discus and revealed potential metabolic pathways associated with body coloration. These results contribute to our understanding of the mechanism of body color formation in discus fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Tian Yang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Bin Wen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Yu Ji
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qin Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hao-Ran Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Gao
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zai-Zhong Chen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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14
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Liu A, Zhang P, Bai B, Bai F, Jin T, Ren J. Volatile Organic Compounds of Endophytic Burkholderia pyrrocinia Strain JK-SH007 Promote Disease Resistance in Poplar. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:1610-1620. [PMID: 32271644 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-19-2366-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play important roles in the regulation of plant growth and pathogen resistance. However, little is known about the influence of VOCs released from endophytic strains (Burkholderia pyrrocinia strain JK-SH007) on controlling pathogens or inducing systemic resistance in poplar. In this study, we found that VOCs produced by strain JK-SH007 inhibit three poplar canker pathogens (Cytospora chrysosperma, Phomopsis macrospora, and Fusicoccum aesculi) and promote defense enzyme activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) and total phenol (TP) accumulation. Thirteen kinds of VOC components were identified using the solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) accounted for the largest proportion of these VOCs. Treatments of poplar seedlings with different volumes of VOC standards (DMDS, benzothiazole, dimethylthiomethane, and phenylacetone) showed that DMDS had the greatest effects on various defense enzyme activities and MDA and TP accumulation. We also found that the inhibitory effect of the VOCs on the three pathogens was gradually enhanced with increasing standard volume. Moreover, the treatment of samples with DMDS significantly reduced the severity and development of the disease caused by three poplar canker pathogens. Comparative transcriptomics analysis of poplar seedlings treated with DMDS showed that there were 1,586 differentially expressed genes in the leaves and stems, and quantitative PCR showed that the gene expression trends were highly consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. The most significant transcriptomic changes induced by VOCs were related to hormone signal transduction, transcriptional regulation of plant-pathogen interactions, and energy metabolism. Moreover, 137 transcription factors, including members of the ethylene response factor, NAC, WRKY, G2-like, and basic helix-loop-helix protein families, were identified to be involved in the VOC-induced process. This study elucidates the resistance induced by Burkholderia pyrrocinia strain JK-SH007 to poplar canker at the molecular level and can make possible a new method for the comprehensive prevention and control of poplar disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ake Liu
- Faculty of Biology Science and Technology, Changzhi University, Shanxi 046011, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Faculty of Biology Science and Technology, Changzhi University, Shanxi 046011, China
| | - Bianxia Bai
- Faculty of Biology Science and Technology, Changzhi University, Shanxi 046011, China
| | - Fenglin Bai
- Faculty of Biology Science and Technology, Changzhi University, Shanxi 046011, China
| | - Tingting Jin
- Faculty of Biology Science and Technology, Changzhi University, Shanxi 046011, China
| | - Jiahong Ren
- Faculty of Biology Science and Technology, Changzhi University, Shanxi 046011, China
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Li Q, Xu J, Yang L, Zhou X, Cai Y, Zhang Y. Transcriptome Analysis of Different Tissues Reveals Key Genes Associated With Galanthamine Biosynthesis in Lycoris longituba. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:519752. [PMID: 33042169 PMCID: PMC7525064 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.519752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
L ycoris longituba is a traditional medicinal plant containing the bioactive compound galanthamine (Gal), a type of Amaryllidaceae alkaloid and can be used to treat Alzheimer's disease. However, research on its genome or transcriptome and associated genes in the biosynthetic pathway is incomplete. In this study, we estimated the nuclear genome size of this species to be 29.33 Gb by flow cytometry. Then, RNA sequencing of the leaves, roots, and bulbs of L. longituba was carried out. After de novo assembly, 474,589 all-transcripts and 333,440 all-unigenes were finally generated. In addition, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and genes involved in the galanthamine metabolic pathway encoding tyrosine decarboxylase (TYDC), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H), norbelladine synthase (NBS), norbelladine 4'-O-methyltransferase (OMT), and noroxomaritidine synthase (CYP96T1) were detected and validated by real-time quantitative PCR analysis. One candidate gene, Lycoris longituba O-Methyltransferase (LlOMT), was identified in the proposed galanthamine biosynthetic pathway. Sequence analysis showed that LlOMT is a class I OMT. LlOMT is localized in the cytoplasm, and biochemical analysis indicated that the recombinant LlOMT catalyzes norbelladine to generate 4'-O-methylnorbelladine. The protoplast transformation result showed that the overexpression of LlOMT could increase the Gal content. Our results indicate that LlOMT may play a role in galanthamine biosynthesis in L. longituba. This work provides a useful resource for the metabolic engineering of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Youming Cai
- *Correspondence: Youming Cai, ; Yongchun Zhang,
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Han ML, Yin J, Zhao YH, Sun XW, Meng JX, Zhou J, Shen T, Li HH, Zhang F. How the Color Fades From Malus halliana Flowers: Transcriptome Sequencing and DNA Methylation Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:576054. [PMID: 33072152 PMCID: PMC7539061 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.576054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The flower color of many horticultural plants fades from red to white during the development stages, affecting ornamental value. We selected Malus halliana, a popular ornamental species, and analyzed the mechanisms of flower color fading using RNA sequencing. Forty-seven genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and two genes related to anthocyanin transport were identified; the expression of most of these genes declined dramatically with flower color fading, consistent with the change in the anthocyanin content. A number of transcription factors that might participate in anthocyanin biosynthesis were selected and analyzed. A phylogenetic tree was used to identify the key transcription factor. Using this approach, we identified MhMYB10 as directly regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. MhMYB10 expression was strongly downregulated during flower development and was significantly positively related to the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and anthocyanin content in diverse varieties of Malus. To analyze the methylation level during flower development, the MhMYB10 promoter sequence was divided into 12 regions. The methylation levels of the R2 and R8 increased significantly as flower color faded and were inversely related to MhMYB10 expression and anthocyanin content. Therefore, we deduce that the increasing methylation activities of these two regions repressed MhMYB10 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Han
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Institute of Ornamental Plants, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiao Yin
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Institute of Ornamental Plants, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yu-Heng Zhao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Institute of Ornamental Plants, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xue-Wei Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Institute of Ornamental Plants, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jia-Xin Meng
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Institute of Ornamental Plants, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Institute of Ornamental Plants, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ting Shen
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Institute of Ornamental Plants, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hou-Hua Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Institute of Ornamental Plants, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Hou-Hua Li,
| | - Fan Zhang
- Sanqin Institute of Botany, Shaanxi Qincao Ecological Environment Technology Co., Ltd., Xi’an, China
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Hao Z, Zong Y, Liu H, Tu Z, Li H. Cloning, Characterization and Functional Analysis of the LtuPTOX Gene, a Homologue of Arabidopsis thaliana IMMUTANS Derived from Liriodendron tulipifera. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10110878. [PMID: 31683912 PMCID: PMC6896000 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Flower colour and colour patterns are crucial traits for ornamental species; thus, a comprehensive understanding of their genetic basis is extremely significant for plant breeders. The tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera Linn.) is well known for its flowers, odd leave shape and tree form. However, the genetic basis of its colour inheritance remains unknown. In this study, a putative plastid terminal oxidase gene (LtuPTOX) was identified from L. tulipifera based on multiple databases of differentially expressed genes at various developmental stages. Then, the full-length cDNA of LtuPTOX was derived from tepals and leaves using RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) approaches. Furthermore, gene structure and phylogenetic analyses of PTOX as well as AOXs (alternative oxidases), another highly similar homologue in the AOX family, were used to distinguish between the two subfamilies of genes. In addition, transient transformation and qPCR methods were used to determine the subcellular localization and tissue expression pattern of the LtuPTOX gene. Moreover, the expression of LtuPTOX as well as pigment contents was investigated to illustrate the function of this gene during the formation of orange bands on petals. The results showed that the LtuPTOX gene encodes a 358-aa protein that contains a complete AOX domain (PF01786). Accordingly, the LiriodendronPTOX and AOX genes were identified as only paralogs since they were rather similar in sequence. LtuPTOX showed chloroplast localization and was expressed in coloured organs such as petals and leaves. Additionally, an increasing pattern of LtuPTOX transcripts leads to carotenoid accumulation on the orange-band during flower bud development. Taken together, our results suggest that LtuPTOX is involved in petal carotenoid metabolism and orange band formation in L. tulipifera. The identification of this potentially involved gene will lay a foundation for further uncovering the genetic basis of flower colour in L. tulipifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yaxian Zong
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Zhonghua Tu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Huogen Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Shi T, Yue Y, Shi M, Chen M, Yang X, Wang L. Exploration of Floral Volatile Organic Compounds in Six Typical Lycoris taxa by GC-MS. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100422. [PMID: 31627411 PMCID: PMC6843165 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lycoris, which is known as the ‘Chinese tulip,’ has diverse flower colors and shapes, and some species have a delicate fragrance. However, limited studies have reported the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of Lycoris. In this study, headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the floral VOCs of six typical Lycoris taxa. Thirty-two VOCs were identified, including terpenoids, alcohols, esters, aldehydes, ketones, and phenols. The aldehyde and terpenoid contents in Lycoris aurea were higher than in the other taxa, and the ester and alcohol contents in L. sprengeri were the highest compared to all taxa tested. Compared with other species and cultivars, L. longituba and L. longituba var. flava were the two most scented taxa and the VOCs were dominated by terpenoids and esters. L. radiate and L. chinensis were two unscented taxa and, accordingly, the VOC content was weak. A partial least squares discriminate analysis of the floral VOCs among the six Lycoris taxa showed that the six taxa could be successfully separated. Moreover, the VOCs of L. longituba and L. longituba var. flava clustered together. β-Ocimene was verified as the most important aroma compound, as determined via the calculation of the variable importance in projection values and significance analysis. β-Ocimene and its trans isomer, trans-β-ocimene, had a high relative content in L. longituba, L. longituba var. flava, L. aurea, and L. chinensis but were not detected in L. sprengeri and L. radiata. These results indicate that floral VOCs might be selected during the evolutional processes of Lycoris, and β-ocimene could be the most typical VOC among the different Lycoris taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Shi
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yuanzheng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Man Shi
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xiulian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Lianggui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Integrated physiological and genomic analysis reveals structural variations and expression patterns of candidate genes for colored- and green-leaf poplar. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11150. [PMID: 31371772 PMCID: PMC6673700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47681-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colored-leaf plants are increasingly popular and have been attracting more and more attentions. However, the molecular mechanism of leaf coloration in plants has not been fully understood. In this study, a colored-leaf cultivar of Populus deltoides (Caihong poplar, CHP) and green-leaf cultivar of Populus deltoides L2025 were used to explore the mechanism of leaf coloration through physiological and the whole genome resequencing analysis. The content of anthocyanins, total Chl, and carotenoids in the leaves of CHP and L2025 were evaluated. The ratio of anthocyanins to total Chl in CHP was 25.0 times higher than that in L2025; this could be attributed to the red leaf color of CHP. Based on the whole genome resequencing analysis, 951,421 polymorphic SNPs and 221,907 indels were screened between CHP and L2025. Using qRT-PCR analysis, three structural genes (flavonol synthase 1 family protein, UDP-glucose flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase 3′ and flavonoid 3-O-galactosyl transferase family protein) and six transcription factors (MYB-related protein Myb4, transcription factor GAMYB, PtrMYB179, transcription factor bHLH53, transcription factor bHLH3, VARICOSE family protein) may be involved in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway, which could be used as candidate genes to explore the molecular regulation mechanism of leaf coloration in Populus deltoids, and could be used in molecular breeding in the future.
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Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of JAZ Protein Family in Two Petunia Progenitors. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8070203. [PMID: 31277246 PMCID: PMC6681285 DOI: 10.3390/plants8070203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) family proteins are the key repressors in the jasmonate signaling pathway and play crucial roles in plant development, defenses, and responses to stresses. However, our knowledge about the JAZ protein family in petunia is limited. This research respectively identified 12 and 16 JAZ proteins in two Petunia progenitors, Petunia axillaris and Petunia inflata. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 28 proteins could be divided into four groups (Groups A–D) and further classified into six subgroups (A1, A2, B1, B3, C, and D1); members in the same subgroup shared some similarities in motif composition and sequence structure. The Ka/Ks ratios of seven paralogous pairs were less than one, suggesting the petunia JAZ family might have principally undergone purifying selection. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that PaJAZ genes presented differential expression patterns during the development of flower bud and anther in petunia, and the expression of PaJAZ5, 9, 12 genes was generally up-regulated after MeJA treatment. Subcellular localization assays demonstrated that proteins PaJAZ5, 9, 12 were localized in nucleus. Yeast two hybrid (Y2H) elucidated most PaJAZ proteins (PaJAZ1-7, 9, 12) might interact with transcription factor MYC2. This study provides insights for further investigation of functional analysis in petunia JAZ family proteins.
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