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Zhang C, Johnson NA, Hall N, Tian X, Yu Q, Patterson EL. Subtelomeric 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase copy number variation confers glyphosate resistance in Eleusine indica. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4865. [PMID: 37567866 PMCID: PMC10421919 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic structural variation (SV) has profound effects on organismal evolution; often serving as a source of novel genetic variation. Gene copy number variation (CNV), one type of SV, has repeatedly been associated with adaptive evolution in eukaryotes, especially with environmental stress. Resistance to the widely used herbicide, glyphosate, has evolved through target-site CNV in many weedy plant species, including the economically important grass, Eleusine indica (goosegrass); however, the origin and mechanism of these CNVs remain elusive in many weed species due to limited genetic and genomic resources. To study this CNV in goosegrass, we present high-quality reference genomes for glyphosate-susceptible and -resistant goosegrass lines and fine-assembles of the duplication of glyphosate's target site gene 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). We reveal a unique rearrangement of EPSPS involving chromosome subtelomeres. This discovery adds to the limited knowledge of the importance of subtelomeres as genetic variation generators and provides another unique example for herbicide resistance evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Nicholas A Johnson
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Nathan Hall
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Xingshan Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Qin Yu
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI), School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, Australia.
| | - Eric L Patterson
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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2
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Bishnoi R, Kaur S, Sandhu JS, Singla D. Genome engineering of disease susceptibility genes for enhancing resistance in plants. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:207. [PMID: 37338599 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01133-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Introgression of disease resistance genes (R-genes) to fight against an array of phytopathogens takes several years using conventional breeding approaches. Pathogens develop mechanism(s) to escape plants immune system by evolving new strains/races, thus making them susceptible to disease. Conversely, disruption of host susceptibility factors (or S-genes) provides opportunities for resistance breeding in crops. S-genes are often exploited by phytopathogens to promote their growth and infection. Therefore, identification and targeting of disease susceptibility genes (S-genes) are gaining more attention for the acquisition of resistance in plants. Genome engineering of S-genes results in targeted, transgene-free gene modification through CRISPR-Cas-mediated technology and has been reported in several agriculturally important crops. In this review, we discuss the defense mechanism in plants against phytopathogens, tug of war between R-genes and S-genes, in silico techniques for identification of host-target (S-) genes and pathogen effector molecule(s), CRISPR-Cas-mediated S-gene engineering, its applications, challenges, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Bishnoi
- Bioinformatics Centre, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
| | - Sehgeet Kaur
- Bioinformatics Centre, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Jagdeep Singh Sandhu
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Deepak Singla
- Bioinformatics Centre, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
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3
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Huang Y, Wu D, Huang Z, Li X, Merotto A, Bai L, Fan L. Weed genomics: yielding insights into the genetics of weedy traits for crop improvement. ABIOTECH 2023; 4:20-30. [PMID: 37220539 PMCID: PMC10199979 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-022-00090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Weeds cause tremendous economic and ecological damage worldwide. The number of genomes established for weed species has sharply increased during the recent decade, with some 26 weed species having been sequenced and de novo genomes assembled. These genomes range from 270 Mb (Barbarea vulgaris) to almost 4.4 Gb (Aegilops tauschii). Importantly, chromosome-level assemblies are now available for 17 of these 26 species, and genomic investigations on weed populations have been conducted in at least 12 species. The resulting genomic data have greatly facilitated studies of weed management and biology, especially origin and evolution. Available weed genomes have indeed revealed valuable weed-derived genetic materials for crop improvement. In this review, we summarize the recent progress made in weed genomics and provide a perspective for further exploitation in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Huang
- Institute of Crop Science and Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Dongya Wu
- Institute of Crop Science and Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Zhaofeng Huang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Aldo Merotto
- Department of Crop Sciences, Agricultural School Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91540-000 Brazil
| | - Lianyang Bai
- Hunan Weed Science Key Laboratory, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changshang, 410125 China
| | - Longjiang Fan
- Institute of Crop Science and Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
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Wong ACS, Massel K, Lam Y, Hintzsche J, Chauhan BS. Biotechnological Road Map for Innovative Weed Management. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:887723. [PMID: 35548307 PMCID: PMC9082642 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.887723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In most agriculture farmlands, weed management is predominantly reliant on integrated weed management (IWM) strategies, such as herbicide application. However, the overuse and misuse of herbicides, coupled with the lack of novel active ingredients, has resulted in the uptrend of herbicide-resistant weeds globally. Moreover, weedy traits that contribute to weed seed bank persistence further exacerbate the challenges in weed management. Despite ongoing efforts in identifying and improving current weed management processes, the pressing need for novel control techniques in agricultural weed management should not be overlooked. The advent of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing systems, coupled with the recent advances in "omics" and cheaper sequencing technologies, has brought into focus the potential of managing weeds in farmlands through direct genetic control approaches, but could be achieved stably or transiently. These approaches encompass a range of technologies that could potentially manipulate expression of key genes in weeds to reduce its fitness and competitiveness, or, by altering the crop to improve its competitiveness or herbicide tolerance. The push for reducing or circumventing the use of chemicals in farmlands has provided an added incentive to develop practical and feasible molecular approaches for weed management, although there are significant technical, practical, and regulatory challenges for utilizing these prospective molecular technologies in weed management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Chern Sun Wong
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Albert Chern Sun Wong,
| | - Karen Massel
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yasmine Lam
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica Hintzsche
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
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Dormatey R, Sun C, Ali K, Fiaz S, Xu D, Calderón-Urrea A, Bi Z, Zhang J, Bai J. ptxD/Phi as alternative selectable marker system for genetic transformation for bio-safety concerns: a review. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11809. [PMID: 34395075 PMCID: PMC8323600 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic and herbicide resistance genes are the most common marker genes for plant transformation to improve crop yield and food quality. However, there is public concern about the use of resistance marker genes in food crops due to the risk of potential gene flow from transgenic plants to compatible weedy relatives, leading to the possible development of “superweeds” and antibiotic resistance. Several selectable marker genes such as aph, nptII, aaC3, aadA, pat, bar, epsp and gat, which have been synthesized to generate transgenic plants by genetic transformation, have shown some limitations. These marker genes, which confer antibiotic or herbicide resistance and are introduced into crops along with economically valuable genes, have three main problems: selective agents have negative effects on plant cell proliferation and differentiation, uncertainty about the environmental effects of many selectable marker genes, and difficulty in performing recurrent transformations with the same selectable marker to pyramid desired genes. Recently, a simple, novel, and affordable method was presented for plant cells to convert non-metabolizable phosphite (Phi) to an important phosphate (Pi) for developing cells by gene expression encoding a phosphite oxidoreductase (PTXD) enzyme. The ptxD gene, in combination with a selection medium containing Phi as the sole phosphorus (P) source, can serve as an effective and efficient system for selecting transformed cells. The selection system adds nutrients to transgenic plants without potential risks to the environment. The ptxD/Phi system has been shown to be a promising transgenic selection system with several advantages in cost and safety compared to other antibiotic-based selection systems. In this review, we have summarized the development of selection markers for genetic transformation and the potential use of the ptxD/Phi scheme as an alternative selection marker system to minimize the future use of antibiotic and herbicide marker genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Dormatey
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Landzhou, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Landzhou, China
| | - Kazim Ali
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Landzhou, China.,National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Derong Xu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Landzhou, China
| | - Alejandro Calderón-Urrea
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, California State University, Fresno, CA, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Bi
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Landzhou, China
| | - Junlian Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Landzhou, China
| | - Jiangping Bai
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Landzhou, China
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Tyagi S, Kumar R, Kumar V, Won SY, Shukla P. Engineering disease resistant plants through CRISPR-Cas9 technology. GM CROPS & FOOD 2021; 12:125-144. [PMID: 33079628 PMCID: PMC7583490 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2020.1831729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants are susceptible to phytopathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, which cause colossal financial shortfalls (pre- and post-harvest) and threaten global food safety. To combat with these phytopathogens, plant possesses two-layer of defense in the form of PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI), or Effectors-triggered immunity (ETI). The understanding of plant-molecular interactions and revolution of high-throughput molecular techniques have opened the door for innovations in developing pathogen-resistant plants. In this context, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) has transformed genome editing (GE) technology and being harnessed for altering the traits. Here we have summarized the complexities of plant immune system and the use of CRISPR-Cas9 to edit the various components of plant immune system to acquire long-lasting resistance in plants against phytopathogens. This review also sheds the light on the limitations of CRISPR-Cas9 system, regulation of CRISPR-Cas9 edited crops and future prospective of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Tyagi
- Genomic Division, National Institute of Agriculture Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Robin Kumar
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Acharya Narendra Dev University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, India
- Department of Agriculture Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, India
| | - Vivak Kumar
- Department of Agriculture Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, India
| | - So Youn Won
- Genomic Division, National Institute of Agriculture Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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Duke SO. Glyphosate: Uses Other Than in Glyphosate-Resistant Crops, Mode of Action, Degradation in Plants, and Effects on Non-target Plants and Agricultural Microbes. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 255:1-65. [PMID: 33895876 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most used herbicide globally. It is a unique non-selective herbicide with a mode of action that is ideal for vegetation management in both agricultural and non-agricultural settings. Its use was more than doubled by the introduction of transgenic, glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops. All of its phytotoxic effects are the result of inhibition of only 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), but inhibition of this single enzyme of the shikimate pathway results in multiple phytotoxicity effects, both upstream and downstream from EPSPS, including loss of plant defenses against pathogens. Degradation of glyphosate in plants and microbes is predominantly by a glyphosate oxidoreductase to produce aminomethylphosphonic acid and glyoxylate and to a lesser extent by a C-P lyase to produce sarcosine and phosphate. Its effects on non-target plant species are generally less than that of many other herbicides, as it is not volatile and is generally sprayed in larger droplet sizes with a relatively low propensity to drift and is inactivated by tight binding to most soils. Some microbes, including fungal plant pathogens, have glyphosate-sensitive EPSPS. Thus, glyphosate can benefit GR crops by its activity on some plant pathogens. On the other hand, glyphosate can adversely affect some microbes that are beneficial to agriculture, such as Bradyrhizobium species, although GR crop yield data indicate that such an effect has been minor. Effects of glyphosate on microbes of agricultural soils are generally minor and transient, with other agricultural practices having much stronger effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen O Duke
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
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8
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Baek Y, Bobadilla LK, Giacomini DA, Montgomery JS, Murphy BP, Tranel PJ. Evolution of Glyphosate-Resistant Weeds. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 255:93-128. [PMID: 33932185 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Widespread adoption of glyphosate-resistant crops and concomitant reliance on glyphosate for weed control set an unprecedented stage for the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds. There are now 48 weed species that have evolved glyphosate resistance. Diverse glyphosate-resistance mechanisms have evolved, including single, double, and triple amino acid substitutions in the target-site gene, duplication of the gene encoding the target site, and others that are rare or nonexistent for evolved resistance to other herbicides. This review summarizes these resistance mechanisms, discusses what is known about their evolution, and concludes with some of the impacts glyphosate-resistant weeds have had on weed management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousoon Baek
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lucas K Bobadilla
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Darci A Giacomini
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Brent P Murphy
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Patrick J Tranel
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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9
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Montgomery JS, Giacomini D, Waithaka B, Lanz C, Murphy BP, Campe R, Lerchl J, Landes A, Gatzmann F, Janssen A, Antonise R, Patterson E, Weigel D, Tranel PJ. Draft Genomes of Amaranthus tuberculatus, Amaranthus hybridus, and Amaranthus palmeri. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:1988-1993. [PMID: 32835372 PMCID: PMC7643611 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amaranthus tuberculatus, Amaranthus hybridus, and Amaranthus palmeri are agronomically important weed species. Here, we present the most contiguous draft assemblies of these three species to date. We utilized a combination of Pacific Biosciences long-read sequencing and chromatin contact mapping information to assemble and order sequences of A. palmeri to near-chromosome-level resolution, with scaffold N50 of 20.1 Mb. To resolve the issues of heterozygosity and coassembly of alleles in diploid species, we adapted the trio binning approach to produce haplotype assemblies of A. tuberculatus and A. hybridus. This approach resulted in an improved assembly of A. tuberculatus, and the first genome assembly for A. hybridus, with contig N50s of 2.58 and 2.26 Mb, respectively. Species-specific transcriptomes and information from related species were used to predict transcripts within each assembly. Syntenic comparisons of these species and Amaranthus hypochondriacus identified sites of genomic rearrangement, including duplication and translocation, whereas genetic map construction within A. tuberculatus highlighted the need for further ordering of the A. hybridus and A. tuberculatus contigs. These multiple reference genomes will accelerate genomic studies in these species to further our understanding of weedy evolution within Amaranthus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bridgit Waithaka
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christa Lanz
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Brent P Murphy
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric Patterson
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University
| | - Detlef Weigel
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
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Gaines TA. The quick and the dead: a new model for the essential role of ABA accumulation in synthetic auxin herbicide mode of action. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3383-3385. [PMID: 32569383 PMCID: PMC7307849 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on: McCauley CL, McAdam SAM, Bhide K, Thimmapuram J, Banks JA, Young BG. 2020. Transcriptomics in Erigeron canadensis reveals rapid photosynthetic and hormonal responses to auxin herbicide application. Journal of Experimental Botany 71,3701–3709.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Gaines
- Colorado State University, Department of Agricultural Biology, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Correspondence:
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Beckie HJ. Herbicide Resistance in Plants. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040435. [PMID: 32244672 PMCID: PMC7238419 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Herbicide resistance in weeds is perhaps the most prominent research area within the discipline of weed science today. Incidence, management challenges, and the cost of multiple-resistant weed populations are continually increasing worldwide. Crop cultivars with multiple herbicide-resistance traits are being rapidly adopted by growers and land managers to keep ahead of the weed resistance tsunami. This Special Issue of Plants comprises papers that describe the current status and future outlook of herbicide resistance research and development in weedy and domestic plants, with topics covering the full spectrum from resistance mechanisms to resistance management. The unifying framework for this Special issue, is the challenge initially posed to all of the contributors: what are the (potential) implications for herbicide resistance management?
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh J Beckie
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI), School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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