1
|
Hussain I, Shehzad MA, Akhtar G, Shafique Ahmad K, Mubeen K, Hassan W, Faried HN, Ahmad S, Aziz M, Yasin S, Al-Abbadi GA, El-Sheikh MA, Elansary HO, Ullah F. Supplemental Sodium Nitroprusside and Spermidine Regulate Water Balance and Chlorophyll Pigments to Improve Sunflower Yield under Terminal Drought. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:30478-30491. [PMID: 39035905 PMCID: PMC11256320 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Drought is an inevitable environmental stress that drastically hampers the growth, productivity, and quality of food crops. Exogenous sodium nitroprusside and spermidine have decisive functions in the growth enhancement of plants; nevertheless, their specific role in mediating stress responses to improve drought tolerance in sunflowers at the reproductive stage (terminal drought) remains largely unknown. In the present study, we explored the positive effects of sodium nitroprusside and spermidine on physiological responses to increase in sunflower yield during periods of terminal drought. Initially, various doses (50, 100, 150, 200, 400 μM) for each sodium nitroprusside or spermidine were foliar sprayed to improve water content, chlorophylls, and biomass accumulation in sunflower seedlings under control (100% FC) and drought (60% FC) conditions. Optimized rates (100 μM for sodium nitroprusside) and (100 μM for spermidine) were further tested alone and in combination to assess drought tolerance potential and their ultimate impact on yield under drought stress. Drought exposure caused a marked reduction in relative water content (26%) and chlorophyll a (31%) and b (35%) contents; however, sodium nitroprusside and spermidine at 100 μM significantly improved the growth of sunflower (13%). Furthermore, combined use of sodium nitroprusside and spermidine at 100 + 100 μM markedly improved the achenes per head (16%), 1000-achene weight (14%), and ultimately grain (28%) and oil (21%) yields of sunflowers under drought stress. A strong association was found between the 1000-achene weight and the achene yield of sunflower. Hence, combined sodium nitroprusside and spermidine upregulate water balance and chlorophyll contents to increase sunflower yield under terminal drought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israr Hussain
- Department
of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University
of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Shehzad
- Institute
of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad
Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Gulzar Akhtar
- Department
of Horticulture, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef
University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Khawaja Shafique Ahmad
- Department
of Botany, University of Poonch Rawalakot
(UPR), Rawalakot 12350, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Khuram Mubeen
- Department
of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University
of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Hassan
- Department
of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Muhammad
Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Nazar Faried
- Department
of Horticulture, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef
University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Shabbir Ahmad
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, Muhammad
Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Mudassir Aziz
- Department
of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University
of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Sanaullah Yasin
- Department
of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Ghazi
University, Dera Ghazi
Khan 32200, Pakistan
| | - Ghanim A. Al-Abbadi
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait City 12037, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed A. El-Sheikh
- Botany
and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant
Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazal Ullah
- State
Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chekol H, Warkineh B, Shimber T, Mierek-Adamska A, Dąbrowska GB, Degu A. Drought Stress Responses in Arabica Coffee Genotypes: Physiological and Metabolic Insights. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:828. [PMID: 38592785 PMCID: PMC10975139 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the impact of drought stress on Arabica coffee physiology and metabolism is essential in the pursuit of developing drought-resistant varieties. In this study, we explored the physiological and metabolite changes in coffee genotypes exhibiting varying degrees of tolerance to drought-namely, the relatively tolerant Ca74110 and Ca74112, and the sensitive Ca754 and CaJ-19 genotypes-under well-watered conditions and during terminal drought stress periods at two time points (0 and 60 days following the onset of stress). The metabolite profiling uncovered significant associations between the growth and the physiological characteristics of coffee genotypes with distinct drought tolerance behaviors. Initially, no marked differences were observed among the genotypes or treatments. However, at the 60-day post-drought onset time point, notably higher shoot growth, biomass, CO2 assimilation, pigments, and various physiological parameters were evident, particularly in the relatively tolerant genotypes. The metabolite profiling revealed elevations in glucose, maltose, amino acids, and organic acids, and decreases in other metabolites. These alterations were more pronounced in the drought-tolerant genotypes, indicating a correlation between enhanced compatible solutes and energy-associated metabolites crucial for drought tolerance mechanisms. This research introduces GC-MS-based metabolome profiling to the study of Ethiopian coffee, shedding light on its intricate responses to drought stress and paving the way for the potential development of drought-resistant coffee seedlings in intensified agro-ecological zones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu Chekol
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 3434, Ethiopia; (H.C.); (B.W.)
| | - Bikila Warkineh
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 3434, Ethiopia; (H.C.); (B.W.)
| | - Tesfaye Shimber
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa 2003, Ethiopia;
| | - Agnieszka Mierek-Adamska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.M.-A.); (G.B.D.)
| | - Grażyna B. Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.M.-A.); (G.B.D.)
| | - Asfaw Degu
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 3434, Ethiopia; (H.C.); (B.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kishor PBK, Guddimalli R, Kulkarni J, Singam P, Somanaboina AK, Nandimandalam T, Patil S, Polavarapu R, Suravajhala P, Sreenivasulu N, Penna S. Impact of Climate Change on Altered Fruit Quality with Organoleptic, Health Benefit, and Nutritional Attributes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:17510-17527. [PMID: 37943146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
As a consequence of global climate change, acute water deficit conditions, soil salinity, and high temperature have been on the rise in their magnitude and frequency, which have been found to impact plant growth and development negatively. However, recent evidence suggests that many fruit plants that face moderate abiotic stresses can result in beneficial effects on the postharvest storage characters of the fruits. Salinity, drought, and high temperature conditions stimulate the synthesis of abscisic acid (ABA), and secondary metabolites, which are vital for fruit quality. The secondary metabolites like phenolic acids and anthocyanins that accumulate under abiotic stress conditions have antioxidant activity, and therefore, such fruits have health benefits too. It has been noticed that fruits accumulate more sugar and anthocyanins owing to upregulation of phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes. The novel information that has been generated thus far indicates that the growth environment during fruit development influences the quality components of the fruits. But the quality depends on the trade-offs between productivity, plant defense, and the frequency, duration, and intensity of stress. In this review, we capture the current knowledge of the irrigation practices for optimizing fruit production in arid and semiarid regions and enhancement in the quality of fruit with the application of exogenous ABA and identify gaps that exist in our understanding of fruit quality under abiotic stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P B Kavi Kishor
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | | | - Jayant Kulkarni
- Department of Botany, Savithribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Prashant Singam
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Anil Kumar Somanaboina
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research Deemed to be University, Vadlamudi, Guntur 522 213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Tejaswi Nandimandalam
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research Deemed to be University, Vadlamudi, Guntur 522 213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Swaroopa Patil
- Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416 004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rathnagiri Polavarapu
- Genomix Molecular Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd., Pragathi Nagar, Kukatapally, Hyderabad 500 072, India
| | - Prashanth Suravajhala
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwavidyapeetham, Clappana, 690 525, Amritapuri, Vallikavu, Kerala, India & Bioclues.org, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Consumer-Driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Research Unit, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manil 1301, Philippines
| | - Suprasanna Penna
- Amity Centre for Nuclear Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University of Maharashtra, Mumbai 410 206, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li J, Zhao M, Liu L, Guo X, Pei Y, Wang C, Song X. Exogenous Sorbitol Application Confers Drought Tolerance to Maize Seedlings through Up-Regulating Antioxidant System and Endogenous Sorbitol Biosynthesis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2456. [PMID: 37447017 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the impacts of exogenous sorbitol on maize seedlings under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-simulated drought stress. Six treatments were set: normal condition (CK), PEG (P), 10 mM sorbitol (10S), PEG plus 10 mM sorbitol (10SP), 100 mM sorbitol (100S) and PEG plus 100 mM sorbitol (100SP). Maize seedlings' growth under PEG-simulated drought stress was significantly inhibited and exogenous sorbitol largely alleviated this growth inhibition. The seedlings under 10SP treatment grew much better than those under P, 100S and 100SP treatments and no significant difference in growth parameters was observed between the control and 10S treatment. The seedlings treated with 10SP had higher contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline, ascorbic acid (AsA), reduced glutathione (GSH), sorbitol and relative water content, higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and aldose reductase, but lower contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2 and relative electrical conductivity than those treated with P, 100S and 100SP. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the transcript levels of genes encoding putative aldose reductase (AR) under P treatment were significantly up-regulated in sorbitol-applied treatments. Taken together, the results demonstrated that exogenous sorbitol application conferred drought tolerance to maize seedlings by up-regulating the expression levels of AR-related genes to enhance the accumulation of intracellular osmotic substances such as sorbitol and improve antioxidant systems to tone down the damage caused by drought stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Meiai Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ligong Liu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xinmei Guo
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yuhe Pei
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiyun Song
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang B, Du H, Yang S, Wu X, Liu W, Guo J, Xiao Y, Peng F. Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses of the Effects of Exogenous Lauric Acid on Drought Resistance in Peach ( Prunus persica (L.) Batsch). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1492. [PMID: 37050118 PMCID: PMC10097042 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) is a fruit tree of economic and nutritional importance, but it is very sensitive to drought stress, which affects its growth to a great extent. Lauric acid (LA) is a fatty acid produced in plants and associated with the response to abiotic stress, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, physiological analysis showed that 50 ppm LA pretreatment under drought stress could alleviate the growth of peach seedlings. LA inhibits the degradation of photosynthetic pigments and the closing of pores under drought stress, increasing the photosynthetic rate. LA also reduces the content of O2-, H2O2, and MDA under drought stress; our results were confirmed by Evans Blue, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), and DAB(3,3-diaminobenzidine) staining experiments. It may be that, by directly removing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improving enzyme activity, i.e., catalase (CAT) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, the damage caused by reactive oxygen species to peach seedlings is reduced. Peach seedlings treated with LA showed a significant increase in osmoregulatory substances compared with those subjected to drought stress, thereby regulating osmoregulatory balance and reducing damage. RNA-Seq analysis identified 1876 DEGs (differentially expressed genes) in untreated and LA-pretreated plants under drought stress. In-depth analysis of these DEGs showed that, under drought stress, LA regulates the expression of genes related to plant-pathogen interaction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, the MAPK signaling pathway, cyanoamino acid metabolism, and sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis. In addition, LA may activate the Ca2+ signaling pathway by increasing the expressions of CNGC, CAM/CML, and CPDK family genes, thereby improving the drought resistance of peaches. In summary, via physiological and transcriptome analyses, the mechanism of action of LA in drought resistance has been revealed. Our research results provide new insights into the molecular regulatory mechanism of the LA-mediated drought resistance of peach trees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuansong Xiao
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (F.P.); Tel.: +86-151-6387-3786 (Y.X.); +86-135-6382-1651 (F.P.)
| | - Futian Peng
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (F.P.); Tel.: +86-151-6387-3786 (Y.X.); +86-135-6382-1651 (F.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang B, Du H, Sun M, Wu X, Li Y, Wang Z, Xiao Y, Peng F. Comparison of lauric acid and 12-hydroxylauric acid in the alleviation of drought stress in peach ( Prunus persica (L.) Batsch). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1025569. [PMID: 36340368 PMCID: PMC9635926 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1025569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Water shortage is a key factor that can restrict peach tree growth. Plants produce fatty acids and the fatty acid derivatives lauric acid (LA) and 12-hydroxylauric acid (LA-OH), which are involved in abiotic stress responses, but the underlying stress response mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, physiological examination revealed that in Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, pretreatment with 50 ppm LA-OH and LA reduced drought stress, efficiently maintained the leaf relative water content, and controlled the relative conductivity increase. Under drought stress, LA-OH and LA treatments prevented the degradation of photosynthetic pigments, increased the degree of leaf stomatal opening and enhanced the net photosynthetic rate. Compared with drought stress, LA-OH and LA treatment effectively increased the net photosynthetic rate by 204.55% and 115.91%, respectively, while increasing the Fv/Fm by 2.75% and 7.75%, respectively, but NPQ decreased by 7.67% and 37.54%, respectively. In addition, the level of reactive oxygen species increased under drought stress. The content of O2 - in LA-OH and LA treatment decreased by 12.91% and 11.24% compared to CK-D, respectively, and the content of H2O2 decreased by 13.73% and 19.94%, respectively. At the same time, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased by 55.56% and 58.48%, respectively. We believe that the main reason is that LA-OH and LA treatment have improved the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). The application of exogenous LA increased the levels of soluble sugars, soluble proteins, proline and free amino acids under drought stress, and maintained the osmotic balance of cells. Compared with CK-D treatment, it increased by 24.11%, 16.89%, 29.3% and 15.04%, respectively. At the same time, the application of exogenous LA-OH also obtained similar results. In conclusion, exogenous LA-OH and LA can alleviate the damage to peach seedlings caused by drought stress by enhancing the photosynthetic and antioxidant capacities, increasing the activities of protective enzymes and regulating the contents of osmotic regulators, but the molecular mechanism is still in need of further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Futian Peng
- *Correspondence: Futian Peng, ; Yuansong Xiao,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Influence of Climate Change on Metabolism and Biological Characteristics in Perennial Woody Fruit Crops in the Mediterranean Environment. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8040273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The changes in the state of the climate have a high impact on perennial fruit crops thus threatening food availability. Indeed, climatic factors affect several plant aspects, such as phenological stages, physiological processes, disease-pest frequency, yield, and qualitative composition of the plant tissues and derived products. To mitigate the effects of climatic parameters variability, plants implement several strategies of defense, by changing phenological trends, altering physiology, increasing carbon sequestration, and metabolites synthesis. This review was divided into two sections. The first provides data on climate change in the last years and a general consideration on their impact, mitigation, and resilience in the production of food crops. The second section reviews the consequences of climate change on the industry of two woody fruit crops models (evergreen and deciduous trees). The research focused on, citrus, olive, and loquat as evergreen trees examples; while grape, apple, pear, cherry, apricot, almond, peach, kiwi, fig, and persimmon as deciduous species. Perennial fruit crops originated by a complex of decisions valuable in a long period and involving economic and technical problems that farmers may quickly change in the case of annual crops. However, the low flexibility of woody crops is balanced by resilience in the long-life cycle.
Collapse
|
8
|
A WRKY Transcription Factor, EjWRKY17, from Eriobotrya japonica Enhances Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115593. [PMID: 34070474 PMCID: PMC8197471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The WRKY gene family, which is one of the largest transcription factor (TF) families, plays an important role in numerous aspects of plant growth and development, especially in various stress responses. However, the functional roles of the WRKY gene family in loquat are relatively unknown. In this study, a novel WRKY gene, EjWRKY17, was characterized from Eriobotrya japonica, which was significantly upregulated in leaves by melatonin treatment during drought stress. The EjWRKY17 protein, belonging to group II of the WRKY family, was localized in the nucleus. The results indicated that overexpression of EjWRKY17 increased cotyledon greening and root elongation in transgenic Arabidopsis lines under abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Meanwhile, overexpression of EjWRKY17 led to enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic lines, which was supported by the lower water loss, limited electrolyte leakage, and lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Further investigations showed that overexpression of EjWRKY17 promoted ABA-mediated stomatal closure and remarkably up-regulated ABA biosynthesis and stress-related gene expression in transgenic lines under drought stress. Overall, our findings reveal that EjWRKY17 possibly acts as a positive regulator in ABA-regulated drought tolerance.
Collapse
|