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Cai W, Zhuang H, Wang X, Fu X, Chen S, Yao L, Sun M, Wang H, Yu C, Feng T. Functional Nutrients and Jujube-Based Processed Products in Ziziphus jujuba. Molecules 2024; 29:3437. [PMID: 39065014 PMCID: PMC11279998 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is the first tree species in China, with a long history and abundant yield. However, fresh jujubes have a short shelf-life and are not resistant to storage. Therefore, more and more processed jujube products are being studied. These processed products can extend the shelf-life of jujubes and attract widespread attention for their rich functional nutrients. This review summarized changes in nutrients of fresh jujube and processed products and the research progress of different preparation methods of jujubes. Meanwhile, the pharmacological effects of bioactive components in jujube-based products were concluded. Jujube and its processed products contain rich polysaccharides, vitamin C, and other functional nutrients, which are beneficial to humans. As the initial processing method for jujubes, vacuum freezing or microwave drying have become the most commonly used and efficient drying methods. Additionally, processed jujube products cannot be separated from the maximum retention of nutrients and innovation of flavor. Fermentation is the main deep-processing method with broad development potential. In the future, chemical components and toxicological evaluation need to be combined with research to bring consumers higher quality functional jujube products and ensure the sustainable development of the jujube industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitong Cai
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (W.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Haining Zhuang
- School of Health and Society Care, Shanghai Urban Construction Vocational College, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Hunan Wuzizui Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Xiangtan 411228, China
| | - Xia Fu
- Hunan Wuzizui Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Xiangtan 411228, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Hunan Wuzizui Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Xiangtan 411228, China
| | - Lingyun Yao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (W.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Min Sun
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (W.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Huatian Wang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (W.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Chuang Yu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (W.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Tao Feng
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (W.C.); (H.W.)
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Bębenek E, Rzepka Z, Hermanowicz JM, Chrobak E, Surażyński A, Beberok A, Wrześniok D. Synthesis, Pharmacokinetic Profile, Anticancer Activity and Toxicity of the New Amides of Betulonic Acid-In Silico and In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4517. [PMID: 38674101 PMCID: PMC11050400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Betulonic acid (B(O)A) is a pentacyclic lupane-type triterpenoid that widely exists in plants. There are scientific reports indicating anticancer activity of B(O)A, as well as the amides and esters of this triterpenoid. In the first step of the study, the synthesis of novel amide derivatives of B(O)A containing an acetylenic moiety was developed. Subsequently, the medium-soluble compounds (EB171 and EB173) and the parent compound, i.e., B(O)A, were investigated for potential cytotoxic activity against breast cancer (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and melanoma (C32, COLO 829 and A375) cell lines, as well as normal human fibroblasts. Screening analysis using the WST-1 test was applied. Moreover, the lipophilicity and ADME parameters of the obtained derivatives were determined using experimental and in silico methods. The toxicity assay using zebrafish embryos and larvae was also performed. The study showed that the compound EB171 exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect on cancer cell lines: MCF-7, A-375 and COLO 829, while it did not affect the survival of normal cells. Moreover, studies on embryos and larvae showed no toxicity of EB171 in an animal model. Compared to EB171, the compound EB173 had a weaker effect on all tested cancer cell lines and produced less desirable effects against normal cells. The results of the WST-1 assay obtained for B(O)A revealed its strong cytotoxic activity on the examined cancer cell lines, but also on normal cells. In conclusion, this article describes new derivatives of betulonic acid-from synthesis to biological properties. The results allowed to indicate a promising direction for the functionalization of B(O)A to obtain derivatives with selective anticancer activity and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Bębenek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (E.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Zuzanna Rzepka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (Z.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Justyna Magdalena Hermanowicz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Elwira Chrobak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (E.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Arkadiusz Surażyński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Artur Beberok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (Z.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Dorota Wrześniok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (Z.R.); (A.B.)
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Xu L, Cai C, Fang J, Wu Q, Zhao J, Wang Z, Guo P, Zheng L, Liu A. Systems pharmacology dissection of pharmacological mechanisms of Xiaochaihu decoction against human coronavirus. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:252. [PMID: 37475019 PMCID: PMC10357659 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still rage worldwide, there are still very limited treatments for human coronaviruses (HCoVs) infections. Xiaochahu decoction (XCHD), which is one of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions in Qingfeipaidu decoction (QFPDD), is widely used for COVID-19 treatment in China and able to relieve the symptoms of fever, fatigue, anorexia, and sore throat. To explore the role and mechanisms of XCHD against HCoVs, we presented an integrated systems pharmacology framework in this study. METHODS We constructed a global herb-compound-target (H-C-T) network of XCHD against HCoVs. Multi-level systems pharmacology analyses were conducted to highlight the key XCHD-regulated proteins, and reveal multiple HCoVs relevant biological functions affected by XCHD. We further utilized network-based prediction, drug-likeness analysis, combining with literature investigations to uncover the key ani-HCoV constituents in XCHD, whose effects on anit-HCoV-229E virus were validated using cytopathic effect (CPE) assay. Finally, we proposed potential molecular mechanisms of these compounds against HCoVs via subnetwork analysis. RESULTS Based on the systems pharmacology framework, we identified 161 XCHD-derived compounds interacting with 37 HCoV-associated proteins. An integrated pathway analysis revealed that the mechanism of XCHD against HCoVs is related to TLR signaling pathway, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, cytoplasmic DNA sensing pathway, and IL-6/STAT3 pro-inflammatory signaling pathway. Five compounds from XCHD, including betulinic acid, chrysin, isoliquiritigenin, schisandrin B, and (20R)-Ginsenoside Rh1 exerted inhibitory activity against HCoV-229E virus in Huh7 cells using in vitro CPE assay. CONCLUSION Our work presented a comprehensive systems pharmacology approach to identify the effective molecules and explore the molecular mechanism of XCHD against HCoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chuipu Cai
- Division of Data Intelligence, Department of Computer Science, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiansong Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihui Wu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Pengfei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lishu Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China.
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ailin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Pan F, Zhao X, Liu F, Luo Z, Chen S, Liu Z, Zhao Z, Liu M, Wang L. Triterpenoids in Jujube: A Review of Composition, Content Diversity, Pharmacological Effects, Synthetic Pathway, and Variation during Domestication. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1501. [PMID: 37050126 PMCID: PMC10096698 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) and its wild ancestor, sour jujube (Z. acidojujuba C.Y. Cheng & M.J. Liu), is a Ziziphus genus in the Rhamnaceae family. ZJ and ZA are rich in a variety of active ingredients, with triterpenoids being a unique active ingredient, which are present in the fruit, leaves, branches, and roots. More than 120 triterpenoids have been identified in ZJ and ZA, and have various biological activities. For example, betulinic and ursolic acids have anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial and antiviral activities. ceanothic, alphitolic, and zizyberanalic acids possess anti-inflammatory activities. The MVA pathway is a synthetic pathway for triterpenoids in ZJ and ZA, and 23 genes of the MVA pathway are known to regulate triterpene synthesis in ZJ and ZA. In order to better understand the basic situation of triterpenoids in ZJ and ZA, this paper reviews the types, content dynamic changes, activities, pharmacokinetics, triterpenoid synthesis pathways, and the effects of domestication on triterpenoids in ZJ and ZA, and provides some ideas for the future research of triterpenoids in ZJ and ZA. In addition, there are many types of ZJ and ZA triterpenoids, and most of the studies on their activities are on lupane- and ursane-type triterpenes, while the activities of the ceanothane-type and saponin are less studied and need additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxu Pan
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Fawei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Shuangjiang Chen
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Mengjun Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Lili Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
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Wen C, Zhang Z, Shi Q, Niu R, Duan X, Shen B, Li X. Transcription Factors ZjMYB39 and ZjMYB4 Regulate Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase- and Squalene Synthase-Mediated Triterpenoid Biosynthesis in Jujube. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4599-4614. [PMID: 36880571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is rich in valuable bioactive triterpenoids. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying triterpenoid biosynthesis in jujube remains poorly studied. Here, we characterized the triterpenoid content in wild jujube and cultivated jujube. The triterpenoid content was higher in wild jujube than in cultivated jujube, triterpenoids were most abundant in young leaves, buds, and later stages of development. The transcriptome analysis and correlation analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in the terpenoid synthesis pathways, and triterpenoids content was strongly correlated with farnesyl diphosphate synthase (ZjFPS), squalene synthase (ZjSQS), and transcription factors ZjMYB39 and ZjMYB4 expression. Gene overexpression and silencing analysis indicated that ZjFPS and ZjSQS were key genes in triterpenoid biosynthesis and transcription factors ZjMYB39 and ZjMYB4 regulated triterpenoid biosynthesis. Subcellular localization experiments showed that ZjFPS and ZjSQS were localized to the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum and ZjMYB39 and ZjMYB4 were localized to the nucleus. Yeast one-hybrid, glucuronidase activity, and dual-luciferase activity assays suggested that ZjMYB39 and ZjMYB4 regulate triterpenoid biosynthesis by directly binding and activating the promoters of ZjFPS and ZjSQS. These findings provide insights into the underlying regulatory network of triterpenoids metabolism in jujube and lay theoretical and practical foundation for molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Wen
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Qianqian Shi
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Runzi Niu
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoshan Duan
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bingqi Shen
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingang Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
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Sareen A, Mawal P, Gupta RC, Bansal G. Estimation of betulinic acid from wild fruit extracts of Ziziphus mauritiana and Ziziphus nummularia from different regions of North India by a validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography method. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00764-022-00219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Chen C, Xia X, Wang D. Identification of nutritional components in unripe and ripe Docynia delavayi (Franch.) Schneid fruit by widely targeted metabolomics. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14441. [PMID: 36530411 PMCID: PMC9753743 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Docynia delavayi (Franch.) Schneid is an evergreen tree with multiple benefits and high development and utilization value. The fruit is consumed as fresh and dry fruit, juices, and other products. However, it is unknown the chemical changes that occur upon fruit maturation. The metabolite content of unripe and ripe fruit was examined using UPLC-MS/MS technology based on a broadly targeted metabolome. We identified 477 metabolites, of which 130 differed between ripe and unripe fruit. These compounds are primarily involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, such as pantothenic acid, flavonoids, and amino acids. Moreover, in ripe fruit, there are 94 metabolites that are upregulated, particularly flavonoids and terpenoids. In comparison, compounds associated with sour flavors (amino acids, phenolic acids, organic acids) are down-regulated. Remarkably, these metabolites have a strong relationship with the medicinal properties of D. delavayi. This study provides a global perspective of the D. delavayi fruit metabolome and a comprehensive analysis of metabolomic variations during fruit development, thereby increasing the knowledge of the metabolic basis of important fruit quality traits in D. delavayi fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Chen
- Southwest Forestry University, Key Laboratory for Forest Resource Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Kunming, China,Southwest Forestry University, Key Laboratory for Forest Genetic and Tree Improvement & Propagation in Universities of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Xia
- Southwest Forestry University, Key Laboratory for Forest Resource Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Kunming, China,Southwest Forestry University, Key Laboratory for Forest Genetic and Tree Improvement & Propagation in Universities of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Southwest Forestry University, Key Laboratory for Forest Resource Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Kunming, China,Southwest Forestry University, Key Laboratory for Forest Genetic and Tree Improvement & Propagation in Universities of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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He Y, Wang Y, Yang K, Jiao J, Zhan H, Yang Y, Lv D, Li W, Ding W. Maslinic Acid: A New Compound for the Treatment of Multiple Organ Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:8732. [PMID: 36557864 PMCID: PMC9786823 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maslinic acid (MA) is a pentacyclic triterpene acid, which exists in many plants, including olive, and is highly safe for human beings. In recent years, it has been reported that MA has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, neuroprotective and other biological activities. More and more experimental data has shown that MA has a good therapeutic effect on multiple organ diseases, indicating that it has great clinical application potential. In this paper, the extraction, purification, identification and analysis, biological activity, pharmacokinetics in vivo and molecular mechanism of MA in treating various organ diseases are reviewed. It is hoped to provide a new idea for MA to treat various organ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jia Jiao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hong Zhan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Youjun Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - De Lv
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Weihong Li
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Weijun Ding
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
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Silva RG, Martins G, Nucci LB, Granero F, Figueiredo CM, Santiago P, Silva L. Antiglycation, antioxidant, antiacne, and photoprotective activities of crude extracts and triterpene saponin fraction of Sapindus saponaria L. fruits: An in vitro study. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.354430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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10
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Fu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang R. Purification and antioxidant properties of triterpenic acids from blackened jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) by macroporous resins. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5070-5082. [PMID: 34532016 PMCID: PMC8441361 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the purification process and antioxidant activity of triterpenic acids from blackened jujube, the macroporous resin was applied to purify the crude extract from blackened jujube. The adsorption and desorption characterizations of five different macroporous adsorption resins (AB-8, D-101, X-5, HPD-100, S-8) for triterpenic acids of blackened jujube were compared, the optimum purification resins were screened, and the purification parameters were optimized. The antioxidant activity of crude extracts and purified products from blackened jujube was analyzed. The results showed that D-101 resin possessed the best effect on the purification of blackened jujube triterpenic acids. The optimum purification parameters were as follows: sample concentration 25.5 μg/ml, 130 ml of the sample volume was with a flow rate of 2.0 ml/min, eluted with 95% ethanol, and speed flow was 1.0 ml/min. The purity of triterpenic acids was increased by 2.49 times after purification with a recovery rate of (78.58 ± 0.67)%. Furthermore, the IC50 values of hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity from triterpenic acids crude extract and purified substances were 0.900 and 0.850 mg/ml, respectively, and the IC50 values of superoxide anion radical were 0.745 and 0.594 mg/ml, respectively, indicating that the antioxidative capacity of the purified product was stronger than the crude extract. The purified triterpenic acids (PTA) groups at different doses had excellent protective effects on H2O2-induced damage HUVEC cells. Results have revealed that triterpenic acids of blackened jujube have good antioxidant function and utilization and development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Fu
- College of Food Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’anChina
| | - Yanlei Zhang
- College of Food Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’anChina
| | - Rentang Zhang
- College of Food Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’anChina
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11
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Luo S, Li J, Zhou Y, Liu L, Feng S, Chen T, Zhou L, Ding C. Evaluation on bioactivities of triterpenes from Bergenia emeiensis. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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12
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Lu Y, Bao T, Mo J, Ni J, Chen W. Research advances in bioactive components and health benefits of jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:431-449. [PMID: 34128368 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), a highly nutritious and functional fruit, is reported to have various health benefits and has been extensively planted worldwide, especially in China. Many studies have shown that bioactive components derived from jujube fruit have significant nutritional and potential biological effects. In this paper, the latest progress in research on major bioactive compounds obtained from jujube is reviewed, and the potential biological functions of jujube fruit resources are discussed. As a dietary supplement, jujube fruit is well recognized as a healthy food which contains a variety of bioactive substances, such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, amino acids, nucleotides, fatty acids, dietary fiber, alkaloids, and other nutrients. These nutrients and non-nutritive phytochemicals obtained from jujube fruit have physiological functions including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-hyperglycemic, immunoregulatory, neuroprotective, sedative, and antiviral functions. Of note is that new constituents, including alkaloids, dietary fiber, and other bioactive substances, as well as the antiviral, hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, and neuroprotective effects of jujube fruit, are systematically reviewed here for the first time. Meanwhile, problems affecting the exploitation of jujube fruit resources are discussed and further research directions proposed. Therefore, this review provides a useful bibliography for the future development of jujube-based products and the utilization of jujube nutritional components in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Bao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianling Mo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Jingdan Ni
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
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Devi S, Kumar V, Singh SK, Dubey AK, Kim JJ. Flavonoids: Potential Candidates for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020099. [PMID: 33498503 PMCID: PMC7909525 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease (HD), are the most concerning disorders due to the lack of effective therapy and dramatic rise in affected cases. Although these disorders have diverse clinical manifestations, they all share a common cellular stress response. These cellular stress responses including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, proteotoxicity, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress, which combats with stress conditions. Environmental stress/toxicity weakened the cellular stress response which results in cell damage. Small molecules, such as flavonoids, could reduce cellular stress and have gained much attention in recent years. Evidence has shown the potential use of flavonoids in several ways, such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic, yet their mechanism is still elusive. This review provides an insight into the potential role of flavonoids against cellular stress response that prevent the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Devi
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, India;
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: (V.K.); (J.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-10-9668-3464 (J.-J.K.); Fax: +82-53-801-3464 (J.-J.K.)
| | | | | | - Jong-Joo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: (V.K.); (J.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-10-9668-3464 (J.-J.K.); Fax: +82-53-801-3464 (J.-J.K.)
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Zhang Y, Sun X, Vidyarthi SK, Zhang R. Active components and antioxidant activity of thirty-seven varieties of Chinese jujube fruits ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2021.1977656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai An, China
| | - Xin Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai An, China
| | - Sriram K. Vidyarthi
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Research and Development, the Morning Star Company, Woodland, California, USA
| | - Rentang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai An, China
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Jiang B, Geng F, Chang R, Ruan M, Bian Y, Xu L, Feng F, Chen Q. Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effect of Ultraviolet Stress on Functional Phytochemicals of Hulless Barley (Qingke) Grass in Different Growth Times at Vegetative Stage. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:31810-31820. [PMID: 33344835 PMCID: PMC7745435 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study was executed to analyze the functional phytochemicals of hulless barley grass grown under different intensities of ultraviolet stress. The wheat seedlings were imposed to 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 h ultraviolet radiation and harvested in different times at vegetative stage. Specifically, the contents of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, total triterpenes, total polysaccharides, proanthocyanidins, and chlorophyll were determined and antioxidants capacity was evaluated by OH• and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging ability. A mathematical model (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution, TOPSIS) was also employed for the comprehensive evaluation of functional components of hulless barley grass at different growth stages. The results showed that the UV stress could efficiently improve/preserve the contents of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, total triterpenes, total polysaccharides, proanthocyanidins, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll, as well as the OH• and ABTS scavenging capacity. TOPSIS evaluation revealed that the highest phytochemical contents were yield on the 15th day under 1.0 h ultraviolet treatment.
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The Ursolic Acid-Rich Extract of Dracocephalum heterophyllum Benth. with Potent Antidiabetic and Cytotoxic Activities. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10186505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pentacyclic triterpenoids are one of the main functional components in Dracocephalum heterophyllum. In this study the optimal process, the fairly simple and accessible extraction and purification of triterpenoids of D. heterophyllum, was developed by a remaceration method. Remaceration is characterized by minimal loss of biologically active compounds on diffusion, which contributes to the largest depletion of raw materials. The triterpenoid yield was 2.4% under optimal conditions which was enhanced to 98.03% after purification. The triterpenoid profiles and their anticancer and antidiabetic activities were further analyzed. GC-MS analysis of triterpenoidal extract of D. heterophyllum resulted ursolic acid (71.9%) and oleanolic acid (18.1%) as the major components. Additionally, total purified triterpenoid contents of D. heterophyllum and its main components were shown to possess significant cytotoxic activity against three human breast cancer cell lines (SK-Br-3, T47D, and MCF-7). The purification of triterpenoids influenced their biological activity. The antidiabetic effect, as measured by inhibition of protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP-1B), of the purified fraction of triterpenoids of D. heterophyllum increased by five-fold against the enzyme. The results provide important guidance for the industrial application of D. heterophyllum confirming the prospect of developing plant extracts into effective drugs and health foods for human applications.
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