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Sun S, Qi X, Zhang Z, Sun L, Wang R, Li Y, Chen J, Gu H, Fang J, Lin M. A structural variation in the promoter of the leucoanthocyanidin reductase gene AaLAR1 enhances freezing tolerance by modulating proanthocyanidin accumulation in kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta). PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38884345 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are important metabolites that enhance freezing tolerance of plants. Actinidia arguta, especially freezing-tolerant germplasms, accumulate abundant PAs in dormant shoots and thereby enhance freezing tolerance, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. In this study, we used two A. arguta with contrasting cold-resistant phenotypes, KL and RB, to explore the mechanisms in response to cold tolerance. We determined that a leucoanthocyanidin reductase gene (AaLAR1) was more highly expressed in freezing-tolerant KL than in freezing-sensitive RB. Moreover, overexpressing AaLAR1 in kiwifruit promoted PAs biosynthesis and enhanced cold tolerance. The AaLAR1 promoters of various A. arguta germplasms differ due to the presence of a 60-bp deletion in cold-tolerant genotypes that forms a functional binding site for MYC-type transcription factor. Yeast one-hybrid and two-hybrid, dual-luciferase reporter, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and coimmunoprecipitation assays indicated that the AaMYC2a binds to the MYC-core cis-element in the AaLAR1 promoter with the assistance of AaMYB5a, thereby promoting PAs accumulation in the shoots of cold-tolerant kiwifruit. We conclude that the variation in the AaLAR1 promoter and the AaMYC2a-AaMYB5a-AaLAR1 module shape freezing tolerance in A. arguta. The identification of a key structural variation in the AaLAR1 promoter offers a new target for resistance breeding of kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihang Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiujuan Qi
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Leiming Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ran Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yukuo Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jinyong Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hong Gu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinbao Fang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Miaomiao Lin
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
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Liu L, Xu S, Zhang L, Zheng J. A Genome-Wide Analysis of the BAM Gene Family and Identification of the Cold-Responsive Genes in Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1321. [PMID: 38794392 PMCID: PMC11125002 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Beta-amylases (BAMs, EC 3.2.1.2), belonging to a multigene family, play a pivotal role in starch breakdown and are also involved in hormonal and stress responses, notably to cold stress. Pomegranate trees (Punica granatum L.) are adapted to warm climates and are sensitive to cold temperatures. In this study, we analyzed eight PgBAM genes from the pomegranate genome dataset. These members unevenly distributed across chromosomes and were categorized into four groups based on their orthologous members. The motif composition was highly consistent among most members. In contrast, exon numbers and arrangements were conserved within groups or subgroups, whereas significant diversity was observed between different groups. A syntenic analysis revealed that three PgBAM members (PgBAM1/4/5) showed a total of 11 syntenic relationships with the BAM members from Arabidopsis, kiwifruit, and Chinese white pear, respectively. Promoter binding motif prediction suggested potential roles for PgBAMs' genes in light, stress, hormones, and development signaling. Gene expression indicated that PgBAM4 was predominantly expressed in leaves, PgBAM7 in flowers, and PgBAM8 in roots and leaves and during fruit ripening, particularly in pericarp development. A transcriptome analysis identified the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway (map00500) as a key factor in the cold stress response of cold-sensitive cultivar 'Tunisia' seedlings. PgBAM4 exhibited remarkable expression and was closely associated with the cold-responsive BAM genes, characterized by a closer phylogenetic relationship, conserved catalytic residues, and similar secondary and tertiary structures. Moreover, the differences in soluble sugar levels and PgBAM4 expression were closely associated with the varying cold stress resistance observed between 'Tunisia' and 'Sanbai' seedlings. Furthermore, yeast one-hybrid assays confirmed that PgCBF7, a critical transcription factor for enhancing freezing tolerance, binds to the promoter region of PgBAM4. Our findings provide a systematic overview of the PgBAM gene family and shed new light on the regulatory mechanisms underlying cold stress tolerance in pomegranate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jie Zheng
- School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China; (L.L.); (S.X.); (L.Z.)
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Li M, Chen X, Huang W, Wu K, Bai Y, Guo D, Guo C, Shu Y. Comprehensive Identification of the β-Amylase (BAM) Gene Family in Response to Cold Stress in White Clover. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:154. [PMID: 38256708 PMCID: PMC10820397 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is an allopolyploid plant and an excellent perennial legume forage. However, white clover is subjected to various stresses during its growth, with cold stress being one of the major limiting factors affecting its growth and development. Beta-amylase (BAM) is an important starch-hydrolyzing enzyme that plays a significant role in starch degradation and responses to environmental stress. In this study, 21 members of the BAM gene family were identified in the white clover genome. A phylogenetic analysis using BAMs from Arabidopsis divided TrBAMs into four groups based on sequence similarity. Through analysis of conserved motifs, gene duplication, synteny analysis, and cis-acting elements, a deeper understanding of the structure and evolution of TrBAMs in white clover was gained. Additionally, a gene regulatory network (GRN) containing TrBAMs was constructed; gene ontology (GO) annotation analysis revealed close interactions between TrBAMs and AMY (α-amylase) and DPE (4-alpha-glucanotransferase). To determine the function of TrBAMs under various tissues and stresses, RNA-seq datasets were analyzed, showing that most TrBAMs were significantly upregulated in response to biotic and abiotic stresses and the highest expression in leaves. These results were validated through qRT-PCR experiments, indicating their involvement in multiple gene regulatory pathways responding to cold stress. This study provides new insights into the structure, evolution, and function of the white clover BAM gene family, laying the foundation for further exploration of the functional mechanisms through which TrBAMs respond to cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; (M.L.); (D.G.); (C.G.)
| | - Xiuhua Chen
- International Agriculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China;
| | - Wangqi Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Yunnan Flower Breeding Key Laboratory, Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China;
| | - Kaiyue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; (M.L.); (D.G.); (C.G.)
| | - Yan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; (M.L.); (D.G.); (C.G.)
| | - Donglin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; (M.L.); (D.G.); (C.G.)
| | - Changhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; (M.L.); (D.G.); (C.G.)
| | - Yongjun Shu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; (M.L.); (D.G.); (C.G.)
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Liang G, Hou Y, Wang H, Wang P, Mao J, Chen B. VaBAM1 weakens cold tolerance by interacting with the negative regulator VaSR1 to suppress β-amylase expression. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1394-1404. [PMID: 36436609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cold stress is a key climatic factor that limits grape productivity and quality. Although β-amylase (BAM) is known to play an important role as a mediator of starch degradation under conditions of cold stress, the mechanism by which BAM regulates cold tolerance in grape remains unclear. Here, we identified VaBAM1 from Vitis amurensis and characterized its interactive regulating mechanism under cold stress in Arabidopsis thaliana and grape. VaBAM1-overexpressing A. thaliana plants (OEs) exhibited high freezing tolerance. Soluble sugar content and amylase activity were increased in OEs and VaBAM1-overexpressing grape calli (VaBAM1-OEs) under cold stress; however, they were decreased in grape calli in which VaBAM1 was edited using CRISPR/Cas9. The results of yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and pull-down experiments showed that serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (VaSR1) interacted with VaBAM1. Furthermore, the expression of VaSR1 was opposite that of VaBAM1 in phloem tissue of Vitis amurensis during winter dormancy. In VaSR1-overexpressing grape calli (VaSR1-OEs), BAM activity and the expression levels of C-repeat binding transcription factor and cold response genes were all significantly lower than that in untransformed calli subjected to cold stress. Moreover, VvBAM1 was downregulated in VaSR1-OEs under cold stress. Overall, we identified that VaSR1 interacts with VaBAM1, negatively regulating BAM activity and resulting in decreased plant cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Liang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yingjun Hou
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Juan Mao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Baihong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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Overexpression of DoBAM1 from Yam ( Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) Enhances Cold Tolerance in Transgenic Tobacco. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122296. [PMID: 36553563 PMCID: PMC9777697 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
β-amylase (BAM) plays an important role in plant development and response to abiotic stresses. In this study, 5 DoBAM members were identified in yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.). A novel β-amylase gene BAM1, (named DoBAM1), was isolated from yam varieties Bikeqi and Dahechangyu. The open reading frame (ORF) of DoBAM1 is 2806 bp and encodes 543 amino acids. Subcellular localization analysis indicates that DoBAM1 localizes to the cell membrane and cytoplasm. In the yam variety Dahechangyu, the starch content, β-amylase activity, and expression of DoBAM1 were characterized and found to all be higher than in Bikeqi. DoBAM1 overexpression in tobacco is shown to promote the accumulation of soluble sugar and chlorophyll content and to increase the activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and β-amylase. Under cold treatment, we observed the induced upregulation of DoBAM1 and lower starch content and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation than in WT plants. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that DoBAM1 overexpression plays an advanced role in cold tolerance, at least in part by raising the levels of soluble sugars that are capable of acting as osmolytes or antioxidants.
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Effects of Kiwifruit Rootstocks with Opposite Tolerance on Physiological Responses of Grafting Combinations under Waterlogging Stress. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162098. [PMID: 36015401 PMCID: PMC9416424 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Kiwifruit is commonly sensitive to waterlogging stress, and grafting onto a waterlogging-tolerant rootstock is an efficient strategy for enhancing the waterlogging tolerance of kiwifruit plants. KR5 (Actinidia valvata) is more tolerant to waterlogging than ‘Hayward’ (A. deliciosa) and is a potential resistant rootstock for kiwifruit production. Here, we focused on evaluating the performance of the waterlogging-sensitive kiwifruit scion cultivar ‘Zhongmi 2′ when grafted onto KR5 (referred to as ZM2/KR5) and Hayward (referred to as ZM2/HWD) rootstocks, respectively, under waterlogging stress. The results showed ‘Zhongmi 2′ performed much better when grafted onto KR5 than when grafted onto ‘Hayward’, exhibiting higher photosynthetic efficiency and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage. Furthermore, the roots of ZM2/KR5 plants showed greater root activity and energy supply, lower ROS damage, and more stable osmotic adjustment ability than the roots of ZM2/HWD plants under waterlogging stress. In addition, we detected the expression of six key genes involved in the kiwifruit waterlogging response mechanism, and these genes were remarkably induced in the ZM2/KR5 roots but not in the ZM2/HWD roots under waterlogging stress. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) further demonstrated the differences in the physiological responses of the ZM2/KR5 and ZM2/HWD plants under waterlogging stress. These results demonstrated that the KR5 rootstock can improve the waterlogging tolerance of grafted kiwi plants by regulating physiological and biochemical metabolism and molecular responses.
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Mirza Z, Haque MM, Gupta M. WRKY transcription factors: a promising way to deal with arsenic stress in rice. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10895-10904. [PMID: 35941412 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07772-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a global carcinogenic contaminant, and is one of the significant environmental constraints that limits the development and yield of crop plants. It is always tagged along with rice as rice takes up As and tends to accumulate it in grains. This amassment makes a way for As to get into the food chain that leads to unforeseen human health risks. Being viewed as parallel with toxicity, As in rice is an important global risk that calls for an urgent solution. WRKY Transcription Factors (TFs) seems to be promising in this area. The classical and substantial progress in the molecular mechanism of WRKY TFs, strengthened the understanding of innovative solutions for dealing with As in rice. Here, we review the potential of WRKY TFs under As stressed rice as a genetic solution and also provide insights into As and rice. Further, we develop an understanding of WRKY TF gene family and its regulation in rice. To date, studies on the role of WRKY TFs under As stressed rice are lacking. This area needs to be explored more so that this gene family can be utilized as an effective genetic tool that can break the As cycle to develop low or As free rice cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Mirza
- Ecotoxicogenomics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, 25, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Mahfuzul Haque
- Ecotoxicogenomics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, 25, New Delhi, India
| | - Meetu Gupta
- Ecotoxicogenomics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, 25, New Delhi, India.
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Cottrell MT. A Search for Diastatic Enzymes Endogenous to Humulus lupulus and Produced by Microbes Associated with Pellet Hops Driving “Hop Creep” of Dry Hopped Beer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2022.2084327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Ma Y, Han Y, Feng X, Gao H, Cao B, Song L. Genome-wide identification of BAM (β-amylase) gene family in jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) and expression in response to abiotic stress. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:438. [PMID: 35698031 PMCID: PMC9195466 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated temperature and drought stress have substantial impacts on fruit quality, especially in terms of sugar metabolism and content. β-Amylase (BAM) plays a critical role in regulating jujube fruit sugar levels and abiotic stress response. Nevertheless, little is known about the regulatory functions of the BAM genes in jujube fruit. Results Nine jujube BAM genes were identified, clustered into four groups, and characterized to elucidate their structure, function, and distribution. Multiple sequence alignment and gene structure analysis showed that all ZjBAM genes contain Glu-186 and Glu-380 residues and are highly conserved. Phylogenetic and synteny analysis further indicated that the ZjBAM gene family is evolutionarily conserved and formed collinear pairs with the BAM genes of peach, apple, poplar, Arabidopsis thaliana, and cucumber. A single tandem gene pair was found within the ZjBAM gene family and is indicative of putative gene duplication events. We also explored the physicochemical properties, conserved motifs, and chromosomal and subcellular localization of ZjBAM genes as well as the interaction networks and 3D structures of ZjBAM proteins. A promoter cis-acting element analysis suggested that ZjBAM promoters comprise elements related to growth, development, phytohormones, and stress response. Furthermore, a metabolic pathways annotation analysis showed that ZjBAMs are significantly upregulated in the starch and sucrose metabolism, thereby controlling starch-maltose interconversion and hydrolyzing starch to maltose. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that ZjBAMs respond positively to elevated temperature and drought stress. Specifically, ZjBAM1, ZjBAM2, ZjBAM5, and ZjBAM6 are significantly upregulated in response to severe drought. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis demonstrated ZjBAM1-ZjAMY3, ZjBAM8-ZjDPE1, and ZjBAM7-ZjDPE1 protein interactions that were mainly present in the plasma membrane and nucleus. Conclusion The jujube BAM gene family exhibits high evolutionary conservation. The various expression patterns of ZjBAM gene family members indicate that they play key roles in jujube growth, development, and abiotic stress response. Additionally, ZjBAMs interact with α-amylase and glucanotransferase. Collectively, the present study provides novel insights into the structure, evolution, and functions of the jujube BAM gene family, thus laying a foundation for further exploration of ZjBAM functional mechanisms in response to elevated temperature and drought stress, while opening up avenues for the development of economic forests in arid areas. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08630-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.,College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yaru Han
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Xuerui Feng
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Handong Gao
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China. .,Southern Tree Seed Inspection Center, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Bing Cao
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Lihua Song
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
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Sun S, Lin M, Qi X, Chen J, Gu H, Zhong Y, Sun L, Muhammad A, Bai D, Hu C, Fang J. Full-length transcriptome profiling reveals insight into the cold response of two kiwifruit genotypes (A. arguta) with contrasting freezing tolerances. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:365. [PMID: 34380415 PMCID: PMC8356467 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03152-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kiwifruit (Actinidia Lindl.) is considered an important fruit species worldwide. Due to its temperate origin, this species is highly vulnerable to freezing injury while under low-temperature stress. To obtain further knowledge of the mechanism underlying freezing tolerance, we carried out a hybrid transcriptome analysis of two A. arguta (Actinidi arguta) genotypes, KL and RB, whose freezing tolerance is high and low, respectively. Both genotypes were subjected to - 25 °C for 0 h, 1 h, and 4 h. RESULTS SMRT (single-molecule real-time) RNA-seq data were assembled using the de novo method, producing 24,306 unigenes with an N50 value of 1834 bp. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of DEGs showed that they were involved in the 'starch and sucrose metabolism', the 'mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway', the 'phosphatidylinositol signaling system', the 'inositol phosphate metabolism', and the 'plant hormone signal transduction'. In particular, for 'starch and sucrose metabolism', we identified 3 key genes involved in cellulose degradation, trehalose synthesis, and starch degradation processes. Moreover, the activities of beta-GC (beta-glucosidase), TPS (trehalose-6-phosphate synthase), and BAM (beta-amylase), encoded by the abovementioned 3 key genes, were enhanced by cold stress. Three transcription factors (TFs) belonging to the AP2/ERF, bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix), and MYB families were involved in the low-temperature response. Furthermore, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) indicated that beta-GC, TPS5, and BAM3.1 were the key genes involved in the cold response and were highly coexpressed together with the CBF3, MYC2, and MYB44 genes. CONCLUSIONS Cold stress led various changes in kiwifruit, the 'phosphatidylinositol signaling system', 'inositol phosphate metabolism', 'MAPK signaling pathway', 'plant hormone signal transduction', and 'starch and sucrose metabolism' processes were significantly affected by low temperature. Moreover, starch and sucrose metabolism may be the key pathway for tolerant kiwifruit to resist low temperature damages. These results increase our understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in the freezing tolerance of kiwifruit under cold stress and reveal a series of candidate genes for use in breeding new cultivars with enhanced freezing tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Miaomiao Lin
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Xiujuan Qi
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Jinyong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Hong Gu
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Leiming Sun
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Abid Muhammad
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Danfeng Bai
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Chungen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jinbao Fang
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China.
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Sun S, Hu C, Qi X, Chen J, Zhong Y, Muhammad A, Lin M, Fang J. The AaCBF4-AaBAM3.1 module enhances freezing tolerance of kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:97. [PMID: 33931620 PMCID: PMC8087828 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00530-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Beta-amylase (BAM) plays an important role in plant resistance to cold stress. However, the specific role of the BAM gene in freezing tolerance is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that a cold-responsive gene module was involved in the freezing tolerance of kiwifruit. In this module, the expression of AaBAM3.1, which encodes a functional protein, was induced by cold stress. AaBAM3.1-overexpressing kiwifruit lines showed increased freezing tolerance, and the heterologous overexpression of AaBAM3.1 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in a similar phenotype. The results of promoter GUS activity and cis-element analyses predicted AaCBF4 to be an upstream transcription factor that could regulate AaBAM3.1 expression. Further investigation of protein-DNA interactions by using yeast one-hybrid, GUS coexpression, and dual luciferase reporter assays confirmed that AaCBF4 directly regulated AaBAM3.1 expression. In addition, the expression of both AaBAM3.1 and AaCBF4 in kiwifruit responded positively to cold stress. Hence, we conclude that the AaCBF-AaBAM module is involved in the positive regulation of the freezing tolerance of kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chungen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiujuan Qi
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Jinyong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Abid Muhammad
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Miaomiao Lin
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China.
| | - Jinbao Fang
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China.
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Wang L, Hou H, Zhou Z, Tu H, Yuan H. Identification and Detection of Botryosphaeria dothidea from Kiwifruit ( Actinidia chinensis) in China. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020401. [PMID: 33672451 PMCID: PMC7923295 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Kiwifruit is very popular among consumers due to its high nutritional value. The increasing expansion in kiwifruit cultivation has led to the spread of rot diseases. To identify the pathogens causing kiwifruit ripe rots in China, 24 isolates were isolated from the diseased fruit and wart in trees. Botryosphaeria dothidea was recognized as the pathogen causing kiwifruit ripe rot and wart in the tree through internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing, pathogenicity testing, morphological and microscopic characteristics. The rapid and accurate detection of this pathogen will lead to better disease monitoring and control efforts. A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method was then developed to rapidly and specifically identify B. dothidea. These results offer value to further research into kiwifruit ripe rot, such as disease prediction, pathogen rapid detection, and effective disease control.
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