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Sharma A, Abrahamian P, Carvalho R, Choudhary M, Paret ML, Vallad GE, Jones JB. Future of Bacterial Disease Management in Crop Production. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 60:259-282. [PMID: 35790244 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-021621-121806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial diseases are a constant threat to crop production globally. Current management strategies rely on an array of tactics, including improved cultural practices; application of bactericides, plant activators, and biocontrol agents; and use of resistant varieties when available. However, effective management remains a challenge, as the longevity of deployed tactics is threatened by constantly changing bacterial populations. Increased scrutiny of the impact of pesticides on human and environmental health underscores the need for alternative solutions that are durable, sustainable, accessible to farmers, and environmentally friendly. In this review, we discuss the strengths and shortcomings of existing practices and dissect recent advances that may shape the future of bacterial disease management. We conclude that disease resistance through genome modification may be the most effective arsenal against bacterial diseases. Nonetheless, more research is necessary for developing novel bacterial disease management tactics to meet the food demand of a growing global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Sharma
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
| | - Peter Abrahamian
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, Florida, USA
- Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostic Laboratory, USDA-APHIS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Renato Carvalho
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
| | - Manoj Choudhary
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
| | - Mathews L Paret
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, Florida, USA
| | - Gary E Vallad
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, Florida, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Jones
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
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Ma K, Xu R, Zhao Y, Han L, Xu Y, Li L, Wang J, Li N. Walnut N-Acetylserotonin Methyltransferase Gene Family Genome-Wide Identification and Diverse Functions Characterization During Flower Bud Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:861043. [PMID: 35498672 PMCID: PMC9051526 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.861043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin widely mediates multiple developmental dynamics in plants as a vital growth stimulator, stress protector, and developmental regulator. N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT) is the key enzyme that catalyzes the final step of melatonin biosynthesis in plants and plays an essential role in the plant melatonin regulatory network. Studies of ASMT have contributed to understanding the mechanism of melatonin biosynthesis in plants. However, AMST gene is currently uncharacterized in most plants. In this study, we characterized the JrASMT gene family using bioinformatics in a melatonin-rich plant, walnut. Phylogenetic, gene structure, conserved motifs, promoter elements, interacting proteins and miRNA analyses were also performed. The expansion and differentiation of the ASMT family occurred before the onset of the plant terrestrialization. ASMT genes were more differentiated in dicotyledonous plants. Forty-six ASMT genes were distributed in clusters on 10 chromosomes of walnut. Four JrASMT genes had homologous relationships both within walnut and between species. Cis-regulatory elements showed that JrASMT was mainly induced by light and hormones, and targeted cleavage of miRNA172 and miR399 may be an important pathway to suppress JrASMT expression. Transcriptome data showed that 13 JrASMT were differentially expressed at different periods of walnut bud development. WGCNA showed that JrASMT1/10/13/23 were coexpressed with genes regulating cell fate and epigenetic modifications during early physiological differentiation of walnut female flower buds. JrASMT12/28/37/40 were highly expressed during morphological differentiation of flower buds, associated with altered stress capacity of walnut flower buds, and predicted to be involved in the regulatory network of abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and cytokinin in walnut. The qRT-PCR validated the results of differential expression analysis and further provided three JrASMT genes with different expression profiles in walnut flower bud development. Our study explored the evolutionary relationships of the plant ASMT gene family and the functional characteristics of walnut JrASMT. It provides a valuable perspective for further understanding the complex melatonin mechanisms in plant developmental regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ma
- Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Fruit Science Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi, China
| | - Ruiqiang Xu
- Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Fruit Science Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi, China
| | - Liqun Han
- Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Fruit Science Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi, China
| | - Yuhui Xu
- Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
| | - Lili Li
- Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Fruit Science Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
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Yang C, Ancona V. An Overview of the Mechanisms Against " Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus": Virulence Targets, Citrus Defenses, and Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:850588. [PMID: 35391740 PMCID: PMC8982080 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.850588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) or citrus greening, is the most destructive disease for citrus worldwide. It is caused by the psyllid-transmitted, phloem-limited bacteria "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" (CLas). To date, there are still no effective practical strategies for curing citrus HLB. Understanding the mechanisms against CLas can contribute to the development of effective approaches for combatting HLB. However, the unculturable nature of CLas has hindered elucidating mechanisms against CLas. In this review, we summarize the main aspects that contribute to the understanding about the mechanisms against CLas, including (1) CLas virulence targets, focusing on inhibition of virulence genes; (2) activation of citrus host defense genes and metabolites of HLB-tolerant citrus triggered by CLas, and by agents; and (3) we also review the role of citrus microbiome in combatting CLas. Finally, we discuss novel strategies to continue studying mechanisms against CLas and the relationship of above aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyu Yang
- Department of Agriculture, Agribusiness, and Environmental Sciences, Citrus Center, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Veronica Ancona
- Department of Agriculture, Agribusiness, and Environmental Sciences, Citrus Center, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Weslaco, TX, United States
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