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Peddio S, Lorrai S, Padiglia A, Cannea FB, Dettori T, Cristiglio V, Genovese L, Zucca P, Rescigno A. Biochemical and Phylogenetic Analysis of Italian Phaseolus vulgaris Cultivars as Sources of α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2918. [PMID: 37631130 PMCID: PMC10457751 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Phaseolus vulgaris α-amylase inhibitor (α-AI) is a protein that has recently gained commercial interest, as it inhibits mammalian α-amylase activity, reducing the absorption of dietary carbohydrates. Numerous studies have reported the efficacy of preparations based on this protein on the control of glycaemic peaks in type-2 diabetes patients and in overweight subjects. A positive influence on microbiota regulation has also been described. In this work, ten insufficiently studied Italian P. vulgaris cultivars were screened for α-amylase- and α-glucosidase-inhibiting activity, as well as for the absence of antinutritional compounds, such as phytohemagglutinin (PHA). All the cultivars presented α-glucosidase-inhibitor activity, while α-AI was missing in two of them. Only the Nieddone cultivar (ACC177) had no haemagglutination activity. In addition, the partial nucleotide sequence of the α-AI gene was identified with the degenerate hybrid oligonucleotide primer (CODEHOP) strategy to identify genetic variability, possibly linked to functional α-AI differences, expression of the α-AI gene, and phylogenetic relationships. Molecular studies showed that α-AI was expressed in all the cultivars, and a close similarity between the Pisu Grogu and Fasolu cultivars' α-AI and α-AI-4 isoform emerged from the comparison of the partially reconstructed primary structures. Moreover, mechanistic models revealed the interaction network that connects α-AI with the α-amylase enzyme characterized by two interaction hotspots (Asp38 and Tyr186), providing some insights for the analysis of the α-AI primary structure from the different cultivars, particularly regarding the structure-activity relationship. This study can broaden the knowledge about this class of proteins, fuelling the valorisation of Italian agronomic biodiversity through the development of commercial preparations from legume cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Peddio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DiSB), University Campus, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.P.); (S.L.); (T.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Sonia Lorrai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DiSB), University Campus, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.P.); (S.L.); (T.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Alessandra Padiglia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), University Campus, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (F.B.C.)
| | - Faustina B. Cannea
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), University Campus, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (F.B.C.)
| | - Tinuccia Dettori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DiSB), University Campus, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.P.); (S.L.); (T.D.); (A.R.)
| | | | - Luigi Genovese
- CEA/MEM/L-Sim, University Grenoble Alpes, 38044 Grenoble, France;
| | - Paolo Zucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DiSB), University Campus, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.P.); (S.L.); (T.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Antonio Rescigno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DiSB), University Campus, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.P.); (S.L.); (T.D.); (A.R.)
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Comparative study of the biochemical properties of membrane-bound and soluble polyphenol oxidase from Prunus mume. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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