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Chen T, Zhou X, Zhu M, Chen X, Chang D, Lin Y, Xu W, Zheng Y, Li S, Song J, Huang M. Phytochemical determination and mechanistic investigation of Polygala tenuifolia root (Yuanzhi) extract for bronchitis: UPLC-MS/MS analysis, network pharmacology and in vitro/in vivo evaluation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118418. [PMID: 38838926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bronchitis is a respiratory disease characterized by a productive cough. Polygala tenuifolia Willd., commonly known as Yuan zhi, is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used for relieving cough and removing phlegm. Despite its historical use, studies are lacking on the effectiveness of P. tenuifolia in treating bronchitis. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of its bioactive compounds remain unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to identify the main bioactive compounds responsible for the effects of P. tenuifolia liquid extract (PLE) in treating bronchitis and to elucidate the associated molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The main chemical compounds in PLE were identified and determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The antitussive, expectorant and anti-inflammatory activities of PLE were evaluated in an ammonia-induced mouse cough model, a tracheal phenol red excretion mouse model, and a xylene-induced ear swelling mouse model, respectively. A network pharmacology analysis was conducted to investigate the associated gene targets, gene ontology, and KEGG pathways related to the main bioactives in PLE targeting bronchitis. PLE and its five bioactive compounds were assessed for their potential anti-inflammatory activities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Western blot analysis was conducted to elucidate the associated molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Thirty-seven compounds in PLE were identified, and twelve main compounds were further quantified in PLE using UPLC-MS/MS. PLE oral gavage administrations (0.6 and 0.12 mg/kg) for 7 days markedly reduced cough frequency, prolonged latency period of cough, reduced phlegm and inflammation in mice. The network pharmacology analysis identified 57 gene targets of PLE against bronchitis. The PI3K/AKT and MAPK signalling pathways were the top two modulated pathways. In RAW264.7 cells, PLE (12.5-50 μg/mL) significantly reduced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. PLE downregulated LPS-elevated protein targets in both PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. In PLE, tenuifolin, polygalaxanthone ⅠⅠⅠ, polygalasaponin ⅩⅩⅤⅢ, tenuifoliside B, and 3,6'-Disinapoyl sucrose, were identified as the top five core components responsible for treating bronchitis. These compounds were also found to modulate the protein targets in the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signalling pathways. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the potential therapeutic effects of PLE on bronchitis by reducing cough, phlegm and inflammation. The anti-inflammatory action and molecular mechanisms of the 5 main bioactive compounds in PLE were partly validated through the in vitro assays. The findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the traditional use of PLE for bronchitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Mingxing Zhu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Xueting Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Yifan Lin
- Fujian Institute for Food and Drug Quality Control, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yanfang Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Shaohua Li
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Jianyuan Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian province, 350001, China.
| | - Mingqing Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
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Hieu NV, Vinh LB, Phong NV, Cong PV, Dat NT, Dan NV, Duc NV, Tao HM, Tam LT, Anh LT, Cuong NC, Tai BH, Yang SY, Tuan Anh HL. Two New Steroidal Saponins with Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects from the Aerial Parts of Gnetum formosum Markgr. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2100. [PMID: 39124219 PMCID: PMC11314289 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Gnetum formosum Markgr., a member of the Gnetaceae family, is distributed in Vietnam. This plant remains a botanical enigma with an unexplored diversity of chemical constituents and pharmacological effects. In this study, two new steroidal saponins, namely gnetumosides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the aerial parts of G. formosum. Their chemical structures were elucidated using spectroscopic techniques, including high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) and NMR, along with chemical hydrolysis and comparison with the reported literature. The potential anti-inflammatory effects of the isolated compounds were evaluated by measuring lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production in murine macrophage cells. Notably, compound 1 exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity (IC50 = 14.10 ± 0.75 µM), comparable to dexamethasone. Additionally, the mechanisms underlying the observed anti-inflammatory effects were investigated through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins. This study is the first to investigate the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of G. formosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngo Van Hieu
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam; (N.V.H.); (P.V.C.); (N.T.D.); (N.V.D.); (N.V.D.); (H.M.T.); (L.T.T.)
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Le Ba Vinh
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam; (L.B.V.); (N.V.P.); (B.H.T.)
| | - Nguyen Viet Phong
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam; (L.B.V.); (N.V.P.); (B.H.T.)
- Department of Biology Education, Teachers College and Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Pham Van Cong
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam; (N.V.H.); (P.V.C.); (N.T.D.); (N.V.D.); (N.V.D.); (H.M.T.); (L.T.T.)
| | - Nguyen Tien Dat
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam; (N.V.H.); (P.V.C.); (N.T.D.); (N.V.D.); (N.V.D.); (H.M.T.); (L.T.T.)
| | - Nguyen Van Dan
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam; (N.V.H.); (P.V.C.); (N.T.D.); (N.V.D.); (N.V.D.); (H.M.T.); (L.T.T.)
| | - Ngo Viet Duc
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam; (N.V.H.); (P.V.C.); (N.T.D.); (N.V.D.); (N.V.D.); (H.M.T.); (L.T.T.)
| | - Hoang Minh Tao
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam; (N.V.H.); (P.V.C.); (N.T.D.); (N.V.D.); (N.V.D.); (H.M.T.); (L.T.T.)
| | - Le Thi Tam
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam; (N.V.H.); (P.V.C.); (N.T.D.); (N.V.D.); (N.V.D.); (H.M.T.); (L.T.T.)
| | - Le Tuan Anh
- Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam;
| | - Nguyen Cao Cuong
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Yersin University, Da Lat 66100, Vietnam;
| | - Bui Huu Tai
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam; (L.B.V.); (N.V.P.); (B.H.T.)
| | - Seo Young Yang
- Department of Biology Education, Teachers College and Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoang Le Tuan Anh
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam; (N.V.H.); (P.V.C.); (N.T.D.); (N.V.D.); (N.V.D.); (H.M.T.); (L.T.T.)
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
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Li S, Hou Z, Ye T, Song X, Hu X, Chen J. Saponin components in Polygala tenuifolia as potential candidate drugs for treating dementia. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1431894. [PMID: 39050746 PMCID: PMC11266144 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1431894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to elucidate the intervention effects of saponin components from Polygala tenuifolia Willd (Polygalaceae) on dementia, providing experimental evidence and new insights for the research and application of saponins in the field of dementia. Materials and Methods This review is based on a search of the PubMed, NCBI, and Google Scholar databases from their inception to 13 May 2024, using terms such as "P. tenuifolia," "P. tenuifolia and saponins," "toxicity," "dementia," "Alzheimer's disease," "Parkinson's disease dementia," and "vascular dementia." The article summarizes the saponin components of P. tenuifolia, including tenuigenin, tenuifolin, polygalasaponins XXXII, and onjisaponin B, as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms of dementia. Importantly, it highlights the potential mechanisms by which the active components of P. tenuifolia prevent and treat diseases and relevant clinical studies. Results The saponin components of P. tenuifolia can reduce β-amyloid accumulation, exhibit antioxidant effects, regulate neurotransmitters, improve synaptic function, possess anti-inflammatory properties, inhibit neuronal apoptosis, and modulate autophagy. Therefore, P. tenuifolia may play a role in the prevention and treatment of dementia. Conclusion The saponin components of P. tenuifolia have shown certain therapeutic effects on dementia. They can prevent and treat dementia through various mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songzhe Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zhitao Hou
- College of Basic Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ting Ye
- The Second Hospital Affiliated Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaochen Song
- College of Basic Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xinying Hu
- College of Basic Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Duc NV, Trang VT, Tuan Anh HL, Vinh LB, Phong NV, Thuan TQ, Hieu NV, Dat NT, Nhan LV, Tuan DT, Tuan Anh L, Thao DT, Tai BH, Cuong NC, Lien LQ, Yang SY. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition studies of alkaloid components from Crinum asiaticum var. sinicum: in vitro assessments by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024; 26:652-662. [PMID: 37889019 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2023.2269541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Alkaloids are among the most important and best-known secondary metabolites as sources of new drugs from medicinal plants and marine organisms. A phytochemical investigation of the whole plant of Crinum asiaticum var. sinicum resulted in the isolation of seven alkaloids (1-7), including one new dimeric compound, bis-(-)-8-demethylmaritidine (1). Their structures were elucidated using NMR and HR-ESI-MS. The absolute configuration of new compound 1 was established by circular dichroism spectroscopy. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in vitro. Among them, compound 1 exhibited the most potent AChE inhibition. Moreover, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were carried out for the most active compound to investigate their binding interactions and dynamics behavior of the AChE protein-ligand complex. Therefore, compound 1 may be a potential candidate for effectively treating Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngo Viet Duc
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer (CRTT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Vu Thi Trang
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer (CRTT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Le Tuan Anh
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer (CRTT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Le Ba Vinh
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, VAST, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi 11900, Vietnam
| | | | - Tran Quang Thuan
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer (CRTT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Ngo Van Hieu
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer (CRTT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Tien Dat
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer (CRTT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Le Van Nhan
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer (CRTT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Do Thanh Tuan
- ThaiBinh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh 06100, Vietnam
| | - Le Tuan Anh
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, VNMN, VAST, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Do Thi Thao
- Institute of Biotechnology, VAST, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Bui Huu Tai
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, VAST, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Cao Cuong
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacy, Yersin University, Da Lat 66100, Vietnam
| | - Le Quynh Lien
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, VAST, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Seo Young Yang
- Department of Biology Education, Teachers College and Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Çalış İ, Becer E, Ünlü A, Uğurlu Aydın Z, Hanoğlu A, Vatansever HS, Dönmez AA. Comparative phytochemical studies on the roots of Polygala azizsancarii and P. peshmenii and neuroprotective activities of the two xanthones. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 210:113650. [PMID: 36965761 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Six known sucrose mono-, di- and triesters and five xanthone derivatives were isolated from the roots of Polygala peshmenii Eren, Parolly, Raus & Kürschner which is a narrow species endemic to Türkiye. Among the xanthones, 1,7-dihydroxy-2,3-methylenedioxy-5,6-dimethoxy-xanthone is an undescribed compound isolated for the first time from a natural source. The studies on the roots of P. azizsancarii Dönmez have resulted in the isolation of four known compounds including sucrose mono-, di- and triesters. The structures of the sucrose esters and xanthones isolated from P. azizsancarii and P. peshmenii were established by spectroscopic methods, including 1D-NMR (1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT-135), 2D-NMR (COSY, NOESY, HSQC, HMBC). Neuroprotective activities of two xanthones, 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2,5,7-trimethoxyxanthone and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-1,6-dihydroxy-2,5,7-trimethoxyxanthone isolated from the roots of P. azizsancarii were evaluated in vitro using in a cellular model of Alzheimer's disease. SKNAS human neuroblastoma cells were used in the study and treated with different consecrations of Aβ₂₅₋₃₅ oligomer for up to 48 h. Cell viability was evaluated using MTT assay. The distribution of β-amyloid, α-synuclein, tau, JAK2, STAT3, caspase 3 and BMP-2 were investigated using indirect immunoperoxidase staining. Our results suggested that both xanthones control tau aggregation with no effect on β-amyloid plaque formation. In addition, for neuronal pathophysiology in AD cell model, decreased distributions of JAK/STAT3 and BMP2 signaling pathways were demonstrated, therefore they play a role in the protective effect on neurons in neurodegenerative disease. A significant decrease in caspase 3 immunoreactivity was detected after the administration of both compounds in AD cells. Therefore, both compounds control neuronal pathophysiology and rescue cell death in AD disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- İhsan Çalış
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Lefkoşa (Nicosia), 99138, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Türkiye.
| | - Eda Becer
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Lefkoşa (Nicosia), 99138, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey; Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, 99628, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey.
| | - Ayşe Ünlü
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Zübeyde Uğurlu Aydın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Azmi Hanoğlu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Lefkoşa (Nicosia), 99138, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Türkiye.
| | - H Seda Vatansever
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Lefkoşa (Nicosia), 99138, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey; Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Ali A Dönmez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
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Çalış İ, Ünlü A, Aydın ZU, Dönmez AA, Yusufoğlu HS, Jurt S, Linden A. Xanthones and Xanthone O-β-D-glucosides from the Roots of Polygala azizsancarii Dönmez. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200499. [PMID: 35797203 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nine xanthone derivatives (1-9) were isolated from the roots of Polygala azizsancarii, which is a narrow endemic species for the flora of Türkiye. Based on all of the evidence, the structures of 1-9 were established as two previously undescribed xanthone O-glucosides, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-1,6-dihydroxy-2,5,7-trimethoxyxanthone (1), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-1,6-dihydroxy-2,7-dimethoxyxanthone (2), and seven previously described xanthones, 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2,5,7-trimethoxyxanthone (3), 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2,7-dimethoxyxanthone (4), 1,2,3,4,7-pentamethoxyxanthone (5), 1,3-dihydroxy-2,5,6,7-tetramethoxyxanthone (6), 1,3-dihydroxy-4,7-dimethoxyxanthone (7), 1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (8), 1,7-dihydroxy-2,3-methylenedioxy-xanthone (9). The structures of the compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods, including 1D-NMR (1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT-135), 2D-NMR (COSY, NOESY, HSQC, HMBC, INADEQUATE), and HRMS. The solid-state structures of 1-4, including the absolute configurations of the stereogenic carbons of the sugar moiety in 1 and 2, were established by X-ray crystal-structure analyses. For the newly described compounds, the trivial names sancarosides A (1) and B (2) are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- İhsan Çalış
- Near East University: Yakin Dogu Universitesi, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East Boulevard, 99138, Lefkoşa (Nicosia), TURKEY
| | - Ayşe Ünlü
- Hacettepe University: Hacettepe Universitesi, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Beytepe Campus, 06800, Ankara, TURKEY
| | - Zübeyde Uğurlu Aydın
- Hacettepe University: Hacettepe Universitesi, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Beytepe Campus, 06800, Ankara, TURKEY
| | - Ali A Dönmez
- Hacettepe University: Hacettepe Universitesi, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Beytepe Campus, 06800, Ankara, TURKEY
| | - Hasan Soliman Yusufoğlu
- Buraydah Private Colleges: Buraydah Colleges, Department of Pharmacognosy & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Dentistry & Pharmacy, 51418, Buraydah, SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Simon Jurt
- University of Zurich: Universitat Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, SWITZERLAND
| | - Anthony Linden
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Not Available, 8057, Zurich, SWITZERLAND
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Isolation, Characterization and In Silico Studies of Secondary Metabolites from the Whole Plant of Polygala inexpectata Peşmen & Erik. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030684. [PMID: 35163950 PMCID: PMC8838668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygala species are frequently used worldwide in the treatment of various diseases, such as inflammatory and autoimmune disorders as well as metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, due to the large number of secondary metabolites they contain. The present study was performed on Polygala inexpectata, which is a narrow endemic species for the flora of Turkey, and resulted in the isolation of nine known compounds, 6,3'-disinapoyl-sucrose (1), 6-O-sinapoyl,3'-O-trimethoxy-cinnamoyl-sucrose (tenuifoliside C) (2), 3'-O-(O-methyl-feruloyl)-sucrose (3), 3'-O-(sinapoyl)-sucrose (4), 3'-O-trimethoxy-cinnamoyl-sucrose (glomeratose) (5), 3'-O-feruloyl-sucrose (sibiricose A5) (6), sinapyl alcohol 4-O-glucoside (syringin or eleutheroside B) (7), liriodendrin (8), and 7,4'-di-O-methylquercetin-3-O-β-rutinoside (ombuin 3-O-rutinoside or ombuoside) (9). The structures of the compounds were determined by the spectroscopic methods including 1D-NMR (1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT-135), 2D-NMR (COSY, NOESY, HSQC, HMBC), and HRMS. The isolated compounds were shown in an in silico setting to be accommodated well within the inhibitor-binding pockets of myeloperoxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase and anchored mainly through hydrogen-bonding interactions and π-effects. It is therefore plausible to suggest that the previously established anti-inflammatory properties of some Polygala-derived phytochemicals may be due, in part, to the modulation of pro-inflammatory enzyme activities.
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Kang JS, Yadav NS. Special Issue Editorial: Isolation and Analysis of Characteristic Compounds from Herbal and Plant Extracts. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10122775. [PMID: 34961245 PMCID: PMC8709148 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Seong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-S.K.); (N.S.Y.)
| | - Narendra Singh Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.-S.K.); (N.S.Y.)
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Kim JH, Vinh LB, Hur M, Koo SC, Park WT, Moon YH, Lee YJ, Kim YH, Huh YC, Yang SY. Inhibitory Activity of 4- O-Benzoyl-3'- O-(OMethylsinapoyl) Sucrose from Polygala tenuifolia on Escherichia coliβ-Glucuronidase. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1576-1582. [PMID: 34528918 PMCID: PMC9705844 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2108.08004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial β-glucuronidase in the intestine is involved in the conversion of 7-ethyl-10- hydroxycamptochecin glucuronide (derived from irinotecan) to 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin, which causes intestinal bleeding and diarrhea (side effects of anti-cancer drugs). Twelve compounds (1-12) from Polygala tenuifolia were evaluated in terms of β-glucuronidase inhibition in vitro. 4-O-Benzoyl-3'-O-(O-methylsinapoyl) sucrose (C3) was highly inhibitory at low concentrations. C3 (an uncompetitive inhibitor) exhibited a ki value of 13.4 μM; inhibitory activity increased as the substrate concentration rose. Molecular simulation revealed that C3 bound principally to the Gln158-Tyr160 enzyme loop. Thus, C3 will serve as a lead compound for development of new β- glucuronidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Hoon Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Le Ba Vinh
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry(IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology(VAST), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Mok Hur
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Cheol Koo
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Tae Park
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Ho Moon
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chan Huh
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea,
Y.C. Huh Phone: +82-43-871-5662 Fax: +82-43-871-5659 E-mail:
| | - Seo Young Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors S.Y. Yang Phone: +82-33-738-7921 Fax: +82-33-738-7652 E-mail:
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Cao TQ, Phong NV, Kim JH, Gao D, Anh HLT, Ngo VD, Vinh LB, Koh YS, Yang SY. Inhibitory Effects of Cucurbitane-Type Triterpenoids from Momordica charantia Fruit on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154444. [PMID: 34361596 PMCID: PMC8347306 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bitter melon, Momordica charantia L., was once an important food and medicinal herb. Various studies have focused on the potential treatment of stomach disease with M. charantia and on its anti-diabetic properties. However, very little is known about the specific compounds responsible for its anti-inflammatory activities. In addition, the in vitro inhibitory effect of M. charantia on pro-inflammatory cytokine production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) has not been reported. Phytochemical investigation of M. charantia fruit led to the isolation of 15 compounds (1-15). Their chemical structures were elucidated spectroscopically (one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance) and with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The anti-inflammatory effects of the isolated compounds were evaluated by measuring the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin IL-6, IL-12 p40, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in LPS-stimulated BMDCs. The cucurbitanes were potent inhibitors of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 p40, indicating promising anti-inflammatory effects. Based on these studies and in silico simulations, we determined that the ligand likely docked in the receptors. These results suggest that cucurbitanes from M. charantia are potential candidates for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Quyen Cao
- Drug Research and Development Center, College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-si 38430, Korea;
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Nguyen Viet Phong
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (N.V.P.); (L.B.V.)
| | - Jang Hoon Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseon 27709, Korea;
| | - Dan Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Hoang Le Tuan Anh
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, VAST, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (H.L.T.A.); (V.-D.N.)
| | - Viet-Duc Ngo
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, VAST, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (H.L.T.A.); (V.-D.N.)
| | - Le Ba Vinh
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (N.V.P.); (L.B.V.)
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Young Sang Koh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Seo Young Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +82-33-738-7652
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