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Bashyal S, Gautam CK, Müller LM. CLAVATA signaling in plant-environment interactions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1336-1357. [PMID: 37930810 PMCID: PMC10904329 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants must rapidly and dynamically adapt to changes in their environment. Upon sensing environmental signals, plants convert them into cellular signals, which elicit physiological or developmental changes that allow them to respond to various abiotic and biotic cues. Because plants can be simultaneously exposed to multiple environmental cues, signal integration between plant cells, tissues, and organs is necessary to induce specific responses. Recently, CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-related (CLE) peptides and their cognate CLAVATA-type receptors received increased attention for their roles in plant-environment interactions. CLE peptides are mobile signaling molecules, many of which are induced by a variety of biotic and abiotic stimuli. Secreted CLE peptides are perceived by receptor complexes on the surface of their target cells, which often include the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase CLAVATA1. Receptor activation then results in cell-type and/or environment-specific responses. This review summarizes our current understanding of the diverse roles of environment-regulated CLE peptides in modulating plant responses to environmental cues. We highlight how CLE signals regulate plant physiology by fine-tuning plant-microbe interactions, nutrient homeostasis, and carbon allocation. Finally, we describe the role of CLAVATA receptors in the perception of environment-induced CLE signals and discuss how diverse CLE-CLAVATA signaling modules may integrate environmental signals with plant physiology and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Bashyal
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | | | - Lena Maria Müller
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
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Lebedeva MA, Dobychkina DA, Lutova LA. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knock-Out of the MtCLE35 Gene Highlights Its Key Role in the Control of Symbiotic Nodule Numbers under High-Nitrate Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16816. [PMID: 38069142 PMCID: PMC10706395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Legume plants have the ability to establish a symbiotic relationship with soil bacteria known as rhizobia. The legume-rhizobium symbiosis results in the formation of symbiotic root nodules, where rhizobia fix atmospheric nitrogen. A host plant controls the number of symbiotic nodules to meet its nitrogen demands. CLE (CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION) peptides produced in the root in response to rhizobial inoculation and/or nitrate have been shown to control the number of symbiotic nodules. Previously, the MtCLE35 gene was found to be upregulated by rhizobia and nitrate treatment in Medicago truncatula, which systemically inhibited nodulation when overexpressed. In this study, we obtained several knock-out lines in which the MtCLE35 gene was mutated using the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated system. M. truncatula lines with the MtCLE35 gene knocked out produced increased numbers of nodules in the presence of nitrate in comparison to wild-type plants. Moreover, in the presence of nitrate, the expression levels of two other nodulation-related MtCLE genes, MtCLE12 and MtCLE13, were reduced in rhizobia-inoculated roots, whereas no significant difference in MtCLE35 gene expression was observed between nitrate-treated and rhizobia-inoculated control roots. Together, these findings suggest the key role of MtCLE35 in the number of nodule numbers under high-nitrate conditions, under which the expression levels of other nodulation-related MtCLE genes are reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Lebedeva
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.D.); (L.A.L.)
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Kuznetsova K, Efremova E, Dodueva I, Lebedeva M, Lutova L. Functional Modules in the Meristems: "Tinkering" in Action. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3661. [PMID: 37896124 PMCID: PMC10610496 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A feature of higher plants is the modular principle of body organisation. One of these conservative morphological modules that regulate plant growth, histogenesis and organogenesis is meristems-structures that contain pools of stem cells and are generally organised according to a common principle. Basic content: The development of meristems is under the regulation of molecular modules that contain conservative interacting components and modulate the expression of target genes depending on the developmental context. In this review, we focus on two molecular modules that act in different types of meristems. The WOX-CLAVATA module, which includes the peptide ligand, its receptor and the target transcription factor, is responsible for the formation and control of the activity of all meristem types studied, but it has its own peculiarities in different meristems. Another regulatory module is the so-called florigen-activated complex, which is responsible for the phase transition in the shoot vegetative meristem (e.g., from the vegetative shoot apical meristem to the inflorescence meristem). CONCLUSIONS The review considers the composition and functions of these two functional modules in different developmental programmes, as well as their appearance, evolution and use in plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irina Dodueva
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (K.K.); (E.E.); (M.L.); (L.L.)
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Lepetit M, Brouquisse R. Control of the rhizobium-legume symbiosis by the plant nitrogen demand is tightly integrated at the whole plant level and requires inter-organ systemic signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1114840. [PMID: 36968361 PMCID: PMC10033964 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1114840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic nodules formed on legume roots with rhizobia fix atmospheric N2. Bacteria reduce N2 to NH4 + that is assimilated into amino acids by the plant. In return, the plant provides photosynthates to fuel the symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Symbiosis is tightly adjusted to the whole plant nutritional demand and to the plant photosynthetic capacities, but regulatory circuits behind this control remain poorly understood. The use of split-root systems combined with biochemical, physiological, metabolomic, transcriptomic, and genetic approaches revealed that multiple pathways are acting in parallel. Systemic signaling mechanisms of the plant N demand are required for the control of nodule organogenesis, mature nodule functioning, and nodule senescence. N-satiety/N-deficit systemic signaling correlates with rapid variations of the nodules' sugar levels, tuning symbiosis by C resources allocation. These mechanisms are responsible for the adjustment of plant symbiotic capacities to the mineral N resources. On the one hand, if mineral N can satisfy the plant N demand, nodule formation is inhibited, and nodule senescence is activated. On the other hand, local conditions (abiotic stresses) may impair symbiotic activity resulting in plant N limitation. In these conditions, systemic signaling may compensate the N deficit by stimulating symbiotic root N foraging. In the past decade, several molecular components of the systemic signaling pathways controlling nodule formation have been identified, but a major challenge remains, that is, to understand their specificity as compared to the mechanisms of non-symbiotic plants that control root development and how they contribute to the whole plant phenotypes. Less is known about the control of mature nodule development and functioning by N and C nutritional status of the plant, but a hypothetical model involving the sucrose allocation to the nodule as a systemic signaling process, the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, and the redox status as potential effectors of this signaling is emerging. This work highlights the importance of organism integration in plant biology.
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Lebedeva MA, Dobychkina DA, Yashenkova YS, Romanyuk DA, Lutova LA. Local and systemic targets of the MtCLE35-SUNN pathway in the roots of Medicago truncatula. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 281:153922. [PMID: 36669364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.153922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
CLE (CLAVATA3/ENDOSPERM SURROUNDING REGION-related) peptides are systemic regulators of legume-rhizobium symbiosis that negatively control the number of nitrogen-fixing nodules. CLE peptides are produced in the root in response to rhizobia inoculation and/or nitrate treatment and are transported to the shoot where they are recognized by the CLV1-like (CLAVATA1-like) receptor kinase. As a result, a shoot-derived signaling pathway is activated that inhibits subsequent nodule development in the root. In Medicago truncatula, MtCLE35 is activated in response to rhizobia and nitrate treatment and the overexpression of this gene systemically inhibits nodulation. The inhibitory effect of MtCLE35 overexpression is dependent on the CLV1-like receptor kinase MtSUNN (SUPER NUMERIC NODULES), suggesting that MtSUNN could be involved in the reception of the MtCLE35 peptide. Yet little is known about the downstream genes regulated by a MtCLE35-activated response in the root. In order to identify genes whose expression levels could be regulated by the MtCLE35-MtSUNN pathway, we performed a MACE-Seq (Massive Analysis of cDNA Ends) transcriptomic analysis of MtCLE35-overexpressing roots. Among upregulated genes, the gene MtSUNN that encodes a putative receptor of MtCLE35 was detected. Moreover, we found that MtSUNN, as well as several other differentially expressed genes, were upregulated locally in MtCLE35-overexpressing roots whereas the MtTML1 and MtTML2 genes were upregulated systemically. Our data suggest that MtCLE35 has both local and systemic effects on target genes in the root.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Lebedeva
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb.7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - D A Dobychkina
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb.7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ya S Yashenkova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb.7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - D A Romanyuk
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Laboratory of Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Podbelsky Sh. 3, 196608, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - L A Lutova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb.7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Center for Genetic Technologies, N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), 190000 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Zhong Y, Tian J, Li X, Liao H. Cooperative interactions between nitrogen fixation and phosphorus nutrition in legumes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:734-745. [PMID: 36324147 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Legumes such as soybean are considered important crops as they provide proteins and oils for humans and livestock around the world. Different from other crops, leguminous crops accumulate nitrogen (N) for plant growth through symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in coordination with rhizobia. A number of studies have shown that efficient SNF requires the cooperation of other nutrients, especially phosphorus (P), a nutrient deficient in most soils. During the last decades, great progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between SNF and P nutrition, specifically through the identification of transporters involved in P transport to nodules and bacteroids, signal transduction, and regulation of P homeostasis in nodules. These studies revealed a distinct N-P interaction in leguminous crops, which is characterized by specific signaling cross talk between P and SNF. This review aimed to present an updated picture of the cross talk between N fixation and P nutrition in legumes, focusing on soybean as a model crop, and Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus as model plants. We also discuss the possibilities for enhancing SNF through improving P nutrition, which are important for high and sustainable production of leguminous crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjia Zhong
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jiang Tian
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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Valmas MI, Sexauer M, Markmann K, Tsikou D. Plants Recruit Peptides and Micro RNAs to Regulate Nutrient Acquisition from Soil and Symbiosis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:187. [PMID: 36616316 PMCID: PMC9824779 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants engage in symbiotic relationships with soil microorganisms to overcome nutrient limitations in their environment. Among the best studied endosymbiotic interactions in plants are those with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and N-fixing bacteria called rhizobia. The mechanisms regulating plant nutrient homeostasis and acquisition involve small mobile molecules such as peptides and micro RNAs (miRNAs). A large number of CLE (CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED) and CEP (C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE) peptide hormones as well as certain miRNAs have been reported to differentially respond to the availability of essential nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Interestingly, a partially overlapping pool of these molecules is involved in plant responses to root colonization by rhizobia and AM fungi, as well as mineral nutrition. The crosstalk between root endosymbiosis and nutrient availability has been subject of intense investigations, and new insights in locally or systemically mobile molecules in nutrient- as well as symbiosis-related signaling continue to arise. Focusing on the key roles of peptides and miRNAs, we review the mechanisms that shape plant responses to nutrient limitation and regulate the establishment of symbiotic associations with beneficial soil microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios I. Valmas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Moritz Sexauer
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Markmann
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Tsikou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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Roy S, Müller LM. A rulebook for peptide control of legume-microbe endosymbioses. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:870-889. [PMID: 35246381 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants engage in mutually beneficial relationships with microbes, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi or nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, for optimized nutrient acquisition. In return, the microbial symbionts receive photosynthetic carbon from the plant. Both symbioses are regulated by the plant nutrient status, indicating the existence of signaling pathways that allow the host to fine-tune its interactions with the beneficial microbes depending on its nutrient requirements. Peptide hormones coordinate a plethora of developmental and physiological processes and, recently, various peptide families have gained special attention as systemic and local regulators of plant-microbe interactions and nutrient homeostasis. In this review, we identify five 'rules' or guiding principles that govern peptide function during symbiotic plant-microbe interactions, and highlight possible points of integration with nutrient acquisition pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Roy
- College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.
| | - Lena Maria Müller
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
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Narasimhan M, Simon R. Spatial range, temporal span, and promiscuity of CLE-RLK signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:906087. [PMID: 36092449 PMCID: PMC9459042 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.906087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED (CLE) signaling through receptor-like kinases (RLKs) regulates developmental transitions and responses to biotic and abiotic inputs by communicating the physiological state of cells and tissues. CLE peptides have varying signaling ranges, which can be defined as the distance between the source, i.e., the cells or tissue that secrete the peptide, and their destination, i.e., cells or tissue where the RLKs that bind the peptide and/or respond are expressed. Case-by-case analysis substantiates that CLE signaling is predominantly autocrine or paracrine, and rarely endocrine. Furthermore, upon CLE reception, the ensuing signaling responses extend from cellular to tissue, organ and whole organism level as the downstream signal gets amplified. CLE-RLK-mediated effects on tissue proliferation and differentiation, or on subsequent primordia and organ development have been widely studied. However, studying how CLE-RLK regulates different stages of proliferation and differentiation at cellular level can offer additional insights into these processes. Notably, CLE-RLK signaling also mediates diverse non-developmental effects, which are less often observed; however, this could be due to biased experimental approaches. In general, CLEs and RLKs, owing to the sequence or structural similarity, are prone to promiscuous interactions at least under experimental conditions in which they are studied. Importantly, there are regulatory mechanisms that suppress CLE-RLK cross-talk in vivo, thereby eliminating the pressure for co-evolving binding specificity. Alternatively, promiscuity in signaling may also offer evolutionary advantages and enable different CLEs to work in combination to activate or switch off different RLK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumitha Narasimhan
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Simon
- Institute for Developmental Genetics and Cluster of Excellence in Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Hayashi-Tsugane M, Kawaguchi M. Lotus japonicus HAR1 regulates root morphology locally and systemically under a moderate nitrate condition in the absence of rhizobia. PLANTA 2022; 255:95. [PMID: 35348891 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The local and long-distance signaling pathways mediated by the leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase HAR1 suppress root branching and promote primary root length in response to nitrate supply. The root morphology of higher plants changes plastically to effectively absorb nutrients and water from the soil. In particular, legumes develop root organ nodules, in which symbiotic rhizobia fix atmospheric nitrogen in nitrogen-poor environments. The number of nodules formed in roots is negatively regulated by a long-distance signaling pathway that travels through shoots called autoregulation of nodulation (AON). In the model plant Lotus japonicus, defects in AON genes, such as a leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase HYPERNODULATION ABERRANT ROOT FORMATION 1 (HAR1), an orthologue of CLAVATA1, and the F-box protein TOO MUCH LOVE (TML), induce the formation of an excess number of nodules. The loss-of-function mutant of HAR1 exhibits a short and bushy root phenotype in the absence of rhizobia. We show that the har1 mutant exhibits high nitrate sensitivity during root development. The uninfected har1 mutant significantly increased lateral root number and reduced primary root length in the presence of 3 mM nitrate, compared with the wild-type and tml mutant. Grafting experiments indicated that local and long-distance signaling pathways via root- and shoot-acting HAR1 additively regulated root morphology under the moderate nitrate concentrations. These findings allow us to propose that HAR1-mediated signaling pathways control the root system architecture by suppressing lateral root branching and promoting primary root elongation in response to nitrate availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Hayashi-Tsugane
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kawaguchi
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
- School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
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Lebedeva M, Azarakhsh M, Sadikova D, Lutova L. At the Root of Nodule Organogenesis: Conserved Regulatory Pathways Recruited by Rhizobia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2654. [PMID: 34961125 PMCID: PMC8705049 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between legume plants and soil bacteria rhizobia results in the formation of new organs on the plant roots, symbiotic nodules, where rhizobia fix atmospheric nitrogen. Symbiotic nodules represent a perfect model to trace how the pre-existing regulatory pathways have been recruited and modified to control the development of evolutionary "new" organs. In particular, genes involved in the early stages of lateral root development have been co-opted to regulate nodule development. Other regulatory pathways, including the players of the KNOX-cytokinin module, the homologues of the miR172-AP2 module, and the players of the systemic response to nutrient availability, have also been recruited to a unique regulatory program effectively governing symbiotic nodule development. The role of the NIN transcription factor in the recruitment of such regulatory modules to nodulation is discussed in more details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lebedeva
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb.7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.S.); (L.L.)
- Center for Genetic Technologies, N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), 190000 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mahboobeh Azarakhsh
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Kosar University of Bojnord, 9415615458 Bojnord, Iran;
| | - Darina Sadikova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb.7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.S.); (L.L.)
- Center for Genetic Technologies, N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), 190000 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lyudmila Lutova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb.7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.S.); (L.L.)
- Center for Genetic Technologies, N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), 190000 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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12
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Liu C, Xiang D, Wu Q, Ye X, Yan H, Zhao G, Zou L. Dynamic transcriptome and co-expression analysis suggest the potential roles of small secreted peptides from Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) in low nitrogen stress response. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 313:111091. [PMID: 34763875 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Small secreted peptides (SSPs) regulate nitrogen (N) response and signaling in plants. Although much progress has been made in understanding the functions of SSPs in N response, very little information is available regarding non-model plants. Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), a dicotyledonous crop, has a good adaptability to low N (LN) stress; however, little is known regarding the associated mechanisms underlying this adaptation. In this study, 932 putative SSPs were genome-wide characterized in TB genome. Of these SSPs, 233 SSPs were annotated as established SSPs, such as CLE, RALF, PSK, and CEP peptides. The gene expression of 675 putative SSPs was detected in five tissues and 258 SSPs were tissue-specific expressed genes. To analyze the responses of TB SSPs to LN, the dynamic expression analysis of TB roots under LN stress was conducted by RNA-seq. The expression of 378 putative TB SSP genes was detected with diverse expression patterns under LN stress, and some important LN-responsive SSPs were identified. Co-expression analysis suggested SSPs may regulate the adaptability of TB under LN conditions by modulating the expression of the genes involved in N transport and assimilation and IAA signaling. Furthermore, 53 LN stress-responsive RLKs encoding genes were identified and they were predicted as potential SSP receptors. This study expands the repertoire of SSPs in plants and provides useful information for further investigation of the functions of Tartary buckwheat SSPs in LN stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Dabing Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xueling Ye
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Huiling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, PR China.
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Luo Z, Lin JS, Zhu Y, Fu M, Li X, Xie F. NLP1 reciprocally regulates nitrate inhibition of nodulation through SUNN-CRA2 signaling in Medicago truncatula. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100183. [PMID: 34027396 PMCID: PMC8132174 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Most legume plants can associate with diazotrophic soil bacteria called rhizobia, resulting in new root organs called nodules that enable N2 fixation. Nodulation is an energy-consuming process, and nodule number is tightly regulated by independent systemic signaling pathways controlled by CLE/SUNN and CEP/CRA2. Moreover, nitrate inhibits legume nodulation via local and systemic regulatory pathways. In Medicago truncatula, NLP1 plays important roles in nitrate-induced inhibition of nodulation, but the relationship between systemic and local pathways in mediating nodulation inhibition by nitrate is poorly understood. In this study, we found that nitrate induces CLE35 expression in an NLP1-dependent manner and that NLP1 binds directly to the CLE35 promoter to activate its expression. Grafting experiments revealed that the systemic control of nodule number involves negative regulation by SUNN and positive regulation by CRA2 in the shoot, and that NLP1's control of the inhibition of rhizobial infection, nodule development, and nitrogenase activity in response to nitrate is determined by the root. Unexpectedly, grafting experiments showed that loss of CRA2 in the root increases nodule number at inhibitory nitrate levels, probably because of CEP1/2 upregulation in the cra2 mutants, suggesting that CRA2 exerts active negative feedback regulation in the root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpeng Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie-shun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdi Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fang Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Chaulagain D, Frugoli J. The Regulation of Nodule Number in Legumes Is a Balance of Three Signal Transduction Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1117. [PMID: 33498783 PMCID: PMC7866212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is a major determinant of plant growth and productivity and the ability of legumes to form a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia bacteria allows legumes to exploit nitrogen-poor niches in the biosphere. But hosting nitrogen-fixing bacteria comes with a metabolic cost, and the process requires regulation. The symbiosis is regulated through three signal transduction pathways: in response to available nitrogen, at the initiation of contact between the organisms, and during the development of the nodules that will host the rhizobia. Here we provide an overview of our knowledge of how the three signaling pathways operate in space and time, and what we know about the cross-talk between symbiotic signaling for nodule initiation and organogenesis, nitrate dependent signaling, and autoregulation of nodulation. Identification of common components and points of intersection suggest directions for research on the fine-tuning of the plant's response to rhizobia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Frugoli
- Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
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