1
|
Bornstein S, Uziel A, Lewitus DY. Controlling Microparticle Morphology in Melt-Jet Printing of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients through Surface Phenomena. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2026. [PMID: 37631240 PMCID: PMC10459835 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving homogeneity and reproducibility in the size, shape, and morphology of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) particles is crucial for their successful manufacturing and performance. Herein, we describe a new method for API particle engineering using melt-jet printing technology as an alternative to the current solvent-based particle engineering methods. Paracetamol, a widely used API, was melted and jetted as droplets onto various surfaces to solidify and form microparticles. The influence of different surfaces (glass, aluminum, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyethylene) on particle shape was investigated, revealing a correlation between substrate properties (heat conduction, surface energy, and roughness) and particle sphericity. Higher thermal conductivity, surface roughness, and decreased surface energy contributed to larger contact angles and increased sphericity, reaching a near-perfect micro-spherical shape on an aluminum substrate. The integrity and polymorphic form of the printed particles were confirmed through differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Additionally, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed minimal degradation products. The applicability of the printing process to other APIs was demonstrated by printing carbamazepine and indomethacin on aluminum surfaces, resulting in spherical microparticles. This study emphasizes the potential of melt-jet printing as a promising approach for the precise engineering of pharmaceutical particles, enabling effective control over their physiochemical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dan Y. Lewitus
- Department of Polymer Materials Engineering, Shenkar College of Engineering, Design and Art, Ramat Gan 5252626, Israel; (S.B.); (A.U.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Savotchenko S, Kovaleva E, Cherniakov A. Effect of epoxy resin modifications with industrial fillers on wetting and water absorption. Colloid Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-023-05061-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
3
|
Savotchenko S, Kovaleva E. Experimental study of the influence of the epoxy resin modification with additives on the contact angle. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2022.2164826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
4
|
Junaedi H, Baig M, Dawood A, Albahkali E, Almajid A. Effect of the Matrix Melt Flow Index and Fillers on Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene-Based Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7568. [PMID: 36363158 PMCID: PMC9653867 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, mechanical properties of reinforced polypropylene composites were studied. PP in particulates shape with two different melt flow indexes (MFI) was used, i.e., 3 and 23 g/10 min, namely PP3 and PP23, respectively. Three different materials, namely TiO2 nanoparticle (nTiO2, spherical, 0D), micro-size short carbon fiber (SCF, fiber, 1D), and graphite nanoplatelet (GNP, sheet, 2D), were used as reinforcements/fillers. PP and fillers (in the desired composition) were first pre-mixed by a mechanical mixer. The mixture was then fed to a co-rotating twin-screw extruder for melt-compounding, followed by injection molding to fabricate testing samples. The microstructure and fracture surface of the composites were observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Additionally, tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness tests were conducted to evaluate their mechanical properties. The SEM images stipulate that PP23 had better adhesion and dispersion with the fillers. The results from the SEM images support the mechanical testing results. PP23 composites exhibited more significant improvement in mechanical properties in comparison to PP3. At 5 wt. % filler loading, PP/GNP composite exhibited a greater improvement in mechanical properties compared with two other composites, which are PP/SCF and PP/nTiO2 composites for both PPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harri Junaedi
- Department of Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneer Baig
- Department of Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulsattar Dawood
- Saudi Arabian Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC), Plastics Applications Development Center, Riyadh 12373, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam Albahkali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhakim Almajid
- Department of Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shi R, Ye D, Ma K, Tian W, Zhao Y, Guo H, Shao Z, Guan J, Ritchie RO. Understanding the Interfacial Adhesion between Natural Silk and Polycaprolactone for Fabrication of Continuous Silk Biocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:46932-46944. [PMID: 36194850 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The poor interfacial adhesion between silk fiber and polyester species remains a critical problem for the optimal mechanical performance of silk-reinforced polyester composites. Here, we investigated in quantitative terms the interfacial properties between natural silk fibers and polycaprolactone (PCL) at nano-, micro-, and macroscales and fabricated continuous silk-PCL composite filaments by melt extrusion and drawing processing of PCL melt at 100, 120, and 140 °C. Bombyx mori (Bm) silk, Antheraea pernyi (Ap) silk, and polyamide6 (PA6) fiber were compared to the composite with PCL. The Ap silk exhibited the highest surface energy, the best wettability, and the largest interfacial shear strength (IFSS) with PCL. The silk-PCL composite from the 120 °C melt processing displayed the highest tensile modulus, implying an optimal temperature for interfacial adhesion. The Raman imaging technique revealed in detail the nature of the physical fusion of the interface phase in these silk- and polyamide-reinforced PCL composites. This work is intended to lay a foundation for the design and processing of robust composites from continuous silk fibers and bioresorbable polyesters for potential structural biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruya Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing100083, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Ye
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen529020, P. R. China
| | - Ke Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing100083, P. R. China
| | - Wenhan Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing100083, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing100083, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing100083, P. R. China
| | - Zhengzhong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, P. R. China
| | - Juan Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing100083, P. R. China
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Paredes X, Liñeira del Río JM, Gonçalves DEP, Guimarey MJG, Comuñas MJP, Seabra JHO, Fernández J. Thermophysical and Tribological Properties of Highly Viscous Biolubricants. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Paredes
- Laboratory of Thermophysical and Tribological Properties, NaFoMat Group, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Physics and Institute of Materials (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- TERMOCAL Research Group, Research Institute on Bioeconomy, Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo del Cauce 59, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - José M. Liñeira del Río
- Laboratory of Thermophysical and Tribological Properties, NaFoMat Group, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Physics and Institute of Materials (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- INEGI, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Engenharia, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - David E. P. Gonçalves
- INEGI, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Engenharia, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - María J. G. Guimarey
- Laboratory of Thermophysical and Tribological Properties, NaFoMat Group, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Physics and Institute of Materials (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Design and Engineering, Faculty of Science & Technology, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Poole BH12 5BB, United Kingdom
| | - María J. P. Comuñas
- Laboratory of Thermophysical and Tribological Properties, NaFoMat Group, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Physics and Institute of Materials (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jorge H. O. Seabra
- FEUP, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Josefa Fernández
- Laboratory of Thermophysical and Tribological Properties, NaFoMat Group, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Physics and Institute of Materials (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Thermoplastic bio-nanocomposites: From measurement of fundamental properties to practical application. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 292:102419. [PMID: 33934003 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the discovery of plastic has revolutionized materials used in many industries and by consumers, their non-biodegradable nature has led to one of the greatest problems of our times: plastic waste in the environment. Bioplastics which are biobased and biodegradable, have been suggested as alternatives for their fossil based counterparts, but their properties often do not meet the requirements that standard plastics would, and are in clear need of improvement. One way to do so is by the addition of nanoparticles which, when homogeneously dispersed, have been reported to result in great improvements. However, in practice, homogenous distribution of nanoparticles is not that trivial due to their tendency to aggregate, also after addition to the polymer matrix. Although theoretical frameworks to prevent this process are available, we feel that the options explored in practice are often rather trial and error in nature. For that reason, we review the theories available, aiming to facilitate the design of the nanocomposites for a sustainable future. We first discuss thermodynamic frameworks which revolve around nanoparticle aggregation. To minimize nanoparticle aggregation, the nanoparticle and polymer can be selected in such a way that they have similar polar and dispersive surface energies. The second part is dedicated to nanocomposite processing, where kinetic effects act on the nanocomposite material therewith influencing its final morphology, although it is good to point out that other factors such as reaggregation also affect the final nanocomposite morphology. The third section is dedicated to how nanoparticles affect the polymer matrix to which they are added. We describe how interactions at an atomic scale, result in the formation of an interphasial region which ultimately leads to changed bulk material properties. From these three sections, we conclude that three parameters are often overlooked when designing nanocomposites, namely the surface energies of the nanoparticles and polymers, the aggregation bond energy or strength, and the interphase region. Therefore, in the fourth section we provide an overview of techniques to identify these three parameters. We finish with a summery and outlook for the design of bio nanocomposites, where we bring all insights from the previous four sections together.
Collapse
|
8
|
Understanding the dynamic pore wetting by 1H LF-NMR characterization. Part 1: Effect of dynamic viscosity of liquid. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.126039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
9
|
Gosset A, Barreiro-Villaverde D, Becerra Permuy JC, Lema M, Ares-Pernas A, Abad López MJ. Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Extrusion and Deposition Process of a Poly(lactic Acid) Strand with Fused Deposition Modeling. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122885. [PMID: 33271895 PMCID: PMC7760891 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) has gained popularity for allowing the fabrication of pieces with complex shapes. The final quality of the pieces is strongly linked to the shape, size and surface finish of the strands deposited successively, which themselves depend on the printing parameters and extruded material properties. In this work, we present an experimental characterization of an extruded and deposited single strand of Poly-Lactic Acid (PLA), by means of high-speed visualization of the bead region between the substrate and the nozzle, where the molten polymer is still in liquid phase. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model proposed in literature, and, based on isothermal and viscous flow assumptions, is validated with this data in terms of strand height and meniscus shape. The characteristics of the printed layer are also confronted to the measurements of the solidified strands by microscopy, with a good agreement. The focus on high printing speeds allows extending the conclusions of previous studies. Regarding the surface finish, the roughness patterns detected on the printed strands are correlated to the velocity fluctuations of the printing head. The CFD model does not capture those thickness variations, however, due to not accounting for solidification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gosset
- Technological Research Center (CIT), Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Esteiro, 15403 Ferrol, Spain; (J.C.B.P.); (A.A.-P.); (M.J.A.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Juan Carlos Becerra Permuy
- Technological Research Center (CIT), Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Esteiro, 15403 Ferrol, Spain; (J.C.B.P.); (A.A.-P.); (M.J.A.L.)
| | - Marcos Lema
- CITIC Research, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (D.B.-V.); (M.L.)
| | - Ana Ares-Pernas
- Technological Research Center (CIT), Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Esteiro, 15403 Ferrol, Spain; (J.C.B.P.); (A.A.-P.); (M.J.A.L.)
| | - María José Abad López
- Technological Research Center (CIT), Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Esteiro, 15403 Ferrol, Spain; (J.C.B.P.); (A.A.-P.); (M.J.A.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Atomistic Investigation on the Wetting Behavior and Interfacial Joining of Polymer-Metal Interface. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081696. [PMID: 32751217 PMCID: PMC7465499 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer-metal hybrid structures can reduce the weight of components while ensuring the structural strength, which in turn save cost and subsequently fuel consumption. The interface strength of polymer-metal hybrid structure is mainly determined by the synergistic effects of interfacial interaction and mechanical interlocking. In this study, the wetting behavior of polypropylene (PP) melt on metal surface was studied by molecular dynamics simulation. Atomistic models with smooth surface and nano-column arrays on Al substrate were constructed. Influences of melt temperature, surface roughness and metal material on the wetting behavior and interfacial joining were analyzed. Afterwards the separation process of injection-molded PP-metal hybrid structure was simulated to analyze joining strength. Results show that the initially sphere-like PP model gradually collapses in the wetting simulation. With a higher temperature, it is easier for molecule chains to spread along the surface. For substrate with rough surface, high density is observed at the bottom or on the upper surface of the column. The contact state is transitioning from Wenzel state to Cassie–Baxter state with the decrease of void fraction. The inner force of injection-molded PP-Fe hybrid structure during the separation process is obviously higher, demonstrating a greater joining strength.
Collapse
|
11
|
Steller R, Iwko J. Shear Stress‐Dependent Viscosity Master Curves for Practical Applications. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Steller
- Department of ChemistryWroclaw University of Science and Technology Wroclaw Poland
| | - Jacek Iwko
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringWroclaw University of Science and Technology Wroclaw Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lu C, Wang J, Lu X, Zheng T, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhang D, Seveno D. Wettability and Interfacial Properties of Carbon Fiber and Poly(ether ether ketone) Fiber Hybrid Composite. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:31520-31531. [PMID: 31369238 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Studies on carbon fiber (CF)/poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) fiber hybrid textiles were initiated several decades ago because their flexibility and conformability make them a promising alternative to traditional prepregs. The adhesion between the CFs and PEEK is mostly controlled by their inherent surface properties and mutual wettability. However, details of these properties remain largely unknown, especially those of PEEK. Therefore, to determine the surface and interfacial properties of these fibers, we performed a comprehensive study and characterized their surface topography (atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy), surface chemistry [X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), acid-base titration], surface energies (wetting tests, acid-base approach), and interfacial mechanical properties [droplet test, interfacial shear strength (IFSS)]. These experiments were complemented by a theoretical approach to the prediction of the surface energy components (parachor) and contact angles of PEEK. We found good agreement between the results obtained by XPS and wetting tests (base-to-acid surface energy component ratio), as well as between the predicted and measured surface energy and contact angles. The results highlight the consistency and reliability of the proposed methodology. We found that both CFs and PEEK fibers appear to be smooth at the nanoscale and have large dispersive and basic surface energy components. The IFSS of CF/PEEK is significantly higher (44.87 ± 5.76 MPa) compared to that of other thermoplastic systems. The findings not only demonstrate the potential of CF/PEEK hybrid textiles but also emphasize the need to further increase the compatibility between CFs and PEEK fibers by increasing the acidic component of CF surfaces. Surface treatments and the design of a suitable sizing are potential methods to achieve this objective in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunrui Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Xue Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Ting Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Yingyi Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
- Department of Materials Engineering , KU Leuven , Leuven 3001 , Belgium
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Engineering University , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Dongxing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - David Seveno
- Department of Materials Engineering , KU Leuven , Leuven 3001 , Belgium
| |
Collapse
|