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Hérou S, Kasongo-Ntumba P, Periasamy AP, King J, McVea M, Doszczeczko S, Bushby A, Jorge Sobrido AB, Titirici MM, Szilágyi PÁ. Development of a new class of stable and adaptable free-standing fibre mats with high room-temperature hydroxide-ion conductivity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14529. [PMID: 38914565 PMCID: PMC11196687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
For alkaline anion-exchange membrane electrolysers and fuel cells to become a technological reality, hydroxide-ion (OH-) conducting membranes that are flexible, robust, affording high OH- conductivity, and synthesised in a low-cost and scalable way must be developed. In this paper, we engineer a stable, self-supporting, and flexible fibre mat using a low-cost ZIF-8 metal-organic framework composited with ionic liquid tetrabutylammonium hydroxide and widely used polyacrylonitrile as polymeric backbone. We obtain mats with a high intrinsic OH- conductivity for a metal-organic framework-based material already at room temperature, without added ion-conductor polymers. This approach will contribute to the development of low-cost and tuneable ion-conducting membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Servann Hérou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Pauline Kasongo-Ntumba
- School of Engineering and Materials Science and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Arun Prakash Periasamy
- School of Engineering and Materials Science and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - James King
- School of Engineering and Materials Science and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Molly McVea
- School of Engineering and Materials Science and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Szymon Doszczeczko
- School of Engineering and Materials Science and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Andy Bushby
- School of Engineering and Materials Science and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Ana Belen Jorge Sobrido
- School of Engineering and Materials Science and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | | | - Petra Ágota Szilágyi
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1033, 0315, Oslo, Norway.
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2
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Park EA, Kim TY, Son JS, Lee SY. Kapok fiber composites minimizing secondary waste and disposal costs for large-scale radioactive liquid treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 357:120851. [PMID: 38581894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Conventional liquid treatments for large-scale, low-level radioactive wastewater, such as ion exchange and waste solidification, face challenges due to the large amounts of secondary waste and high disposal costs. A new large-scale decontamination method is proposed that uses kapok fiber composites for rapid radionuclide adsorption and high volume reduction to minimize secondary waste. The composite consists of natural zeolite and kapok holocellulose, which has high water-soaking ability and low-temperature pyrolysis. The kapok composites, fabricated using a commercial wet-laid nonwoven manufacturing process, absorbs 99% of low-level radioactive cesium in 20 min, reducing the volume by 98% and the weight by 47% at 300 °C. The low-temperature pyrolysis process below 300 °C prevents cesium desorption and gasification by avoiding zeolite destruction. The mass-producible kapok composites can be used for adsorbing various radionuclides in large-scale wastewater by attaching specific adsorbents for target isotopes to the composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ae Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Baekbeom-ro 35, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Baekbeom-ro 35, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sik Son
- Korea Textile Development Institute, Kukchaebosang-ro 136, Seo-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yop Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Baekbeom-ro 35, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Baekbeom-ro 35, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Myrzakhmetov B, Akhmetova A, Bissenbay A, Karibayev M, Pan X, Wang Y, Bakenov Z, Mentbayeva A. Review: chitosan-based biopolymers for anion-exchange membrane fuel cell application. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230843. [PMID: 38026010 PMCID: PMC10645128 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS)-based anion exchange membranes (AEMs) have gained significant attention in fuel cell applications owing to their numerous benefits, such as environmental friendliness, flexibility for structural alteration, and improved mechanical, thermal and chemical durability. This study aims to enhance the cell performance of CS-based AEMs by addressing key factors including mechanical stability, ionic conductivity, water absorption and expansion rate. While previous reviews have predominantly focused on CS as a proton-conducting membrane, the present mini-review highlights the advancements of CS-based AEMs. Furthermore, the study investigates the stability of cationic head groups grafted to CS through simulations. Understanding the chemical properties of CS, including the behaviour of grafted head groups, provides valuable insights into the membrane's overall stability and performance. Additionally, the study mentions the potential of modern cellulose membranes for alkaline environments as promising biopolymers. While the primary focus is on CS-based AEMs, the inclusion of cellulose membranes underscores the broader exploration of biopolymer materials for fuel cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bauyrzhan Myrzakhmetov
- Center for Energy and Advanced Materials Science, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Aktilek Akhmetova
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Aiman Bissenbay
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Mirat Karibayev
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Xuemiao Pan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Yanwei Wang
- Center for Energy and Advanced Materials Science, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhumabay Bakenov
- Center for Energy and Advanced Materials Science, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Almagul Mentbayeva
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan
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4
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Samsudin AM, Bodner M, Hacker V. A Brief Review of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Based Anion Exchange Membranes for Alkaline Fuel Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173565. [PMID: 36080640 PMCID: PMC9460312 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Anion exchange membrane fuel cells have unique advantages and are thus gaining increasing attention. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is one of the potential polymers for the development of anion exchange membranes. This review provides recent studies on PVA-based membranes as alternative anion exchange membranes for alkaline fuel cells. The development of anion exchange membranes in general, including the types, materials, and preparation of anion exchange membranes in the last years, are discussed. The performances and characteristics of recently reported PVA-based membranes are highlighted, including hydroxide conductivity, water uptake, swelling degree, tensile strength, and fuel permeabilities. Finally, some challenging issues and perspectives for the future study of anion exchange membranes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asep Muhamad Samsudin
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Merit Bodner
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Viktor Hacker
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
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5
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Glucose Fuel Cells and Membranes: A Brief Overview and Literature Analysis. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14148376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucose is a ubiquitous source of energy for nearly all living things, and glucose fuel cells (GFCs) are regarded as a sustainable power source because glucose is renewable, easily available, cheap, abundant, non-toxic and easy-to-store. Numerous efforts have been devoted to developing and improving GFC performance; however, there is still no commercially viable devices on the market. Membranes play an essential role in GFCs for the establishment of a suitable local microenvironment, selective ion conducting and prevention of substrate crossover. However, our knowledge on them is still limited, especially on how to achieve comparable efficacy with that of a biological system. This review article provides the first brief overview on these aspects, particularly keeping in sight the research trends, current challenges, and the future prospects. We aim to bring together literature analysis and technological discussion on GFCs and membranes by using bibliometrics, and provide new ideas for researchers in this field to overcome challenges on developing high-performance GFCs.
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Optimization of polyvinyl alcohol binder on PANI coated pencil graphite electrode in doubled chamber microbial fuel cell for glucose biosensor. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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7
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Chauke NM, Moutloali RM, Ramontja J. Influence of the Zeolite ZSM-22 Precursor on a UF-PES Selective Substrate Layer for Salts Rejection. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12060553. [PMID: 35736260 PMCID: PMC9230752 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of the ZSM-22/Polyethersulfone (ZSM-22/PES) membranes as selective salt filters represent a growing membrane technological area in separation with the potential of high economic reward based on its low energy requirements. The incorporation of ZSM-22 zeolite material as additives into the PES polymer matrix has the prospective advantage of combining both the zeolite and polymer features while overcoming the limitations associated with both materials. This work investigated the influence of the nature of the silica precursor on ZSM-22 zeolite hydrothermally synthesised using colloidal (C60) and fumed (C60) silica to Si/Al of 60. The successful synthesis of the highly crystalline zeolitic materials was confirmed through XRD, FTIR, and SEM with EDX. The ZSM-22 additives were directly dispersed into a PES polymeric matrix to form a casting solution for the preparation of the ZSM-22/PES selective substrate layers via a phase inversion method for salts rejection. The polymeric PES was selected as an organic network in which the content of the ZSM-22 zeolite (ranging between 0 and 1.0 wt.%), was obtained and characterised by XRD, FTIR, and SEM analysis, as well as water contact angle (WCA) measurement and dead-end filtration cell. The phase inversion preparation method has induced the resulting ZSM-22/PES NF substrates anisotropy, as attributed to a high water flux to the above 700 L·m−2·h−1; high selectivity and rejection of salts to above 80% is revealed by the obtained results. The materials also exhibited improved antifouling behavior to above 70% flux recovery ratios. As such, the nature of the silica precursor influences ZSM-22 zeolite synthesis as a potential additive in the PES polymer matrix and led to the enhanced performance of the pure PES ultrafiltration membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyiko M. Chauke
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
- DSI/MINTEK Nanotechnology Innovation Centre-Water Research Node, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Richard M. Moutloali
- DSI/MINTEK Nanotechnology Innovation Centre-Water Research Node, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
- Correspondence: (R.M.M.); (J.R.); Tel.: +27-(0)-11-559-6754(ext. 3918) (J.R.)
| | - James Ramontja
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
- DSI/MINTEK Nanotechnology Innovation Centre-Water Research Node, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
- Correspondence: (R.M.M.); (J.R.); Tel.: +27-(0)-11-559-6754(ext. 3918) (J.R.)
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Swelling-Resistant, Crosslinked Polyvinyl Alcohol Membranes with High ZIF-8 Nanofiller Loadings as Effective Solid Electrolytes for Alkaline Fuel Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050865. [PMID: 35269354 PMCID: PMC8912677 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The present work investigates the direct mixing of aqueous zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) suspension into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) to form swelling-resistant, mechanically robust and conductivity retentive composite membranes. This drying-free nanofiller incorporation method enhances the homogeneous ZIF-8 distributions in the PVA/ZIF-8/GA composites to overcome the nanofiller aggregation problem in the mixed matrix membranes. Various ZIF-8 concentrations (25.4, 40.5 and 45.4 wt.%) are used to study the suitability of the resulting GA-crosslinked composites for direct alkaline methanol fuel cell (DAMFC). Surface morphological analysis confirmed homogeneous ZIF-8 particle distribution in the GA-crosslinked composites with a defect- and crack-free structure. The increased ionic conductivity (21% higher than the ZIF-free base material) and suppressed alcohol permeability (94% lower from the base material) of PVA/40.5%ZIF-8/GA resulted in the highest selectivity among the prepared composites. In addition, the GA-crosslinked composites’ selectivity increased to 1.5−2 times that of those without crosslink. Moreover, the ZIF-8 nanofillers improved the mechanical strength and alkaline stability of the composites. This was due to the negligible volume swelling ratio (<1.4%) of high (>40%) ZIF-8-loaded composites. After 168 h of alkaline treatment, the PVA/40.5%ZIF-8/GA composite had almost negligible ionic conductivity loss (0.19%) compared with the initial material. The maximum power density (Pmax) of PVA/40.5%ZIF-8/GA composite was 190.5 mW cm−2 at 60 °C, an increase of 181% from the PVA/GA membrane. Moreover, the Pmax of PVA/40.5%ZIF-8/GA was 10% higher than that without GA crosslinking. These swelling-resistant and stable solid electrolytes are promising in alkaline fuel cell applications.
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9
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Letsau TT, Govender PP, Msomi PF. Imidazolium-Quaternized Poly(2,6-Dimethyl-1,4-Phenylene Oxide)/Zeolitic Imidazole Framework-8 Composite Membrane as Polymer Electrolyte for Fuel-Cell Application. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030595. [PMID: 35160584 PMCID: PMC8839361 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are considered superior to their counterpart proton exchange fuel cells due to their many advantages. Both fuel cells use membranes as polymer electrolytes to improve fuel-cell properties and power output. This work evaluates a series of imidazolium-quaternized poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (ImPPO) functionalized zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8) (ImPPO/ZIF-8) as anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolytes in a direct methanol alkaline fuel cell. FTIR and 1H NMR were used to confirm the successful membrane fabrication. SEM and TGA were used to study the morphological and thermal stability properties of the ImPPO/ZIF-8 membranes. The AEMs obtained in this work had contact angles ranging from 55.27–106.73°, water uptake from 9–83%, ion exchange capacity (IEC) from 1.93–3.15 mmol/g, and ion conductivity (IC) from 1.02–2.43 mS/cm. The best-performing membrane, ImPPO/3%ZIF-8, showed a water uptake of up to 35% at 80 °C, a swelling ratio of 15.1% after 72 h, IEC of 4.06 mmol/g, and IC of 1.96 mS/cm. A power density of 158.10 mW/cm2 was obtained. This makes ZIF-8 a good prospect as a filler for enhancing membrane properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabakgolo T. Letsau
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (T.T.L.); (P.P.G.)
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Penny P. Govender
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (T.T.L.); (P.P.G.)
| | - Phumlani F. Msomi
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (T.T.L.); (P.P.G.)
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-11-559-6313
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10
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Narducci R, Sgreccia E, Knauth P, Di Vona ML. Anion Exchange Membranes with 1D, 2D and 3D Fillers: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3887. [PMID: 34833189 PMCID: PMC8622584 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFC) are clean energy conversion devices that are an attractive alternative to the more common proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), because they present, among others, the advantage of not using noble metals like platinum as catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. The interest in this technology has increased exponentially over the recent years. Unfortunately, the low durability of anion exchange membranes (AEM) in basic conditions limits their use on a large scale. We present in this review composite AEM with one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional fillers, an approach commonly used to enhance the fuel cell performance and stability. The most important filler types, which are discussed in this review, are carbon and titanate nanotubes, graphene and graphene oxide, layered double hydroxides, silica and zirconia nanoparticles. The functionalization of the fillers is the most important key to successful property improvement. The recent progress of mechanical properties, ionic conductivity and FC performances of composite AEM is critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Narducci
- Department Industrial Engineering and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy; (E.S.); (M.L.D.V.)
| | - Emanuela Sgreccia
- Department Industrial Engineering and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy; (E.S.); (M.L.D.V.)
| | - Philippe Knauth
- CNRS, Madirel (UMR 7246) and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, Aix Marseille University, F-13013 Marseille, France;
| | - Maria Luisa Di Vona
- Department Industrial Engineering and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy; (E.S.); (M.L.D.V.)
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The Effect of the Temperature and Moisture to the Permeation Properties of PEO-Based Membranes for Carbon-Dioxide Separation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13132053. [PMID: 34201629 PMCID: PMC8271453 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased demand for energy in recent decades has caused an increase in the emissions of combustion products, among which carbon-dioxide is the most harmful. As carbon-dioxide induces negative environmental effects, like global warming and the greenhouse effect, a decrease of the carbon-dioxide emission has emerged as one of the most urgent tasks in engineering. In this work, the possibility for the application of the polymer-based, dense, mixed matrix membranes for flue gas treatment was tested. The task was to test a potential decrease in the permeability and selectivity of a mixed-matrix membrane in the presence of moisture and at elevated temperature. Membranes are based on two different poly(ethylene oxide)-based polymers filled with two different zeolite powders (ITR and IWS). An additive of detergent type was added to improve the contact properties between the zeolite and polymer matrix. The measurements were performed at three different temperatures (30, 60, and 90 °C) under wet conditions, with partial pressure of the water equal to the vapor pressure of the water at the given temperature. The permeability of carbon-dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen was measured, and the selectivity of the carbon-dioxide versus other gases was determined. Obtained results have shown that an increase of temperature and partial pressure of the vapor slightly increase both the selectivity and permeability of the synthesized membranes. It was also shown that the addition of the zeolite powder increases the permeability of carbon-dioxide while maintaining the selectivity, compared to hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
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12
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MCM-41/PVA Composite as a Separator for Zinc-Air Batteries. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197052. [PMID: 32992723 PMCID: PMC7582340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane separators are one of the critical components in zinc–air batteries (ZABs). In the control of mass transfer, and hence, electrochemical reaction, membrane separators have an important role to play. This work addresses the issue of battery performance in a ZAB via a new composite membrane separator based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). To enhance the electrolyte uptake and ionic conductivity, mesoporous Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) is incorporated as a filler in the membrane while maintaining its integrity. The presence of MCM-41 is seen to reduce the number of cycles of secondary ZABs due to the uninvited drawbacks of increased zincate crossover and reduced triple phase boundary at the air cathode, which is pivotal for oxygen reduction reaction. Overall, results suggest that the application of the MCM-41/PVA composite has the potential for use as a separator in high-capacity primary ZABs.
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13
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Junoh H, Jaafar J, Nordin NAHM, Ismail AF, Othman MHD, Rahman MA, Aziz F, Yusof N. Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Application: Perspective on Morphological Structure. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E34. [PMID: 32106509 PMCID: PMC7142913 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Membrane morphology plays a great role in determining the performance of polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs), especially for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications. Membrane morphology can be divided into two types, which are dense and porous structures. Membrane fabrication methods have different configurations, including dense, thin and thick, layered, sandwiched and pore-filling membranes. All these types of membranes possess the same densely packed structural morphology, which limits the transportation of protons, even at a low methanol crossover. This paper summarizes our work on the development of PEMs with various structures and architecture that can affect the membrane's performance, in terms of microstructures and morphologies, for potential applications in DMFCs. An understanding of the transport behavior of protons and methanol within the pores' limits could give some perspective in the delivery of new porous electrolyte membranes for DMFC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazlina Junoh
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Juhana Jaafar
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Nik Abdul Hadi Md Nordin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia;
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Mukhlis A. Rahman
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Farhana Aziz
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Norhaniza Yusof
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
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14
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Khamkeaw A, Phisalaphong M, Jongsomjit B, Lin KYA, Yip ACK. Synthesis of mesoporous MFI zeolite via bacterial cellulose-derived carbon templating for fast adsorption of formaldehyde. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121161. [PMID: 31629599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous ZSM-5 (MFI) zeolite was synthesized by using bacterial cellulose-derived activated carbon (BC-AC500) with a high surface area as a hard template. Different ratios of BC-AC500 and zeolite precursor gel were prepared in a Teflon-lined autoclave and crystallized at 180 °C for 48 h in a rotating oven. The physicochemical properties of the samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning/transmission electron microscopies (SEM/TEM), and N2 physisorption techniques. It was found that the mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites have a specific surface area of 184-190 m2/g, a high mesopore volume of 0.120-0.956 ml/g and a wide pore size distribution ranging from 5 to 100 nm with a maximum at approximately 25.3 nm. The successfully made mesoporous ZSM-5 was tested as an adsorbent for formaldehyde adsorption in batch mode. The mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite made from bacterial cellulose-derived activated carbon showed significantly faster adsorption kinetics than conventional ZSM-5 (0.0081 vs. 0.0007 g/mg min, respectively). The prepared material has an adsorption capacity of 98 mg/g and is highly reusable. The reported mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites can be deployed for the rapid removal of toxic organics from wastewater when urgently needed, e.g., under breakthrough conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnon Khamkeaw
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Muenduen Phisalaphong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bunjerd Jongsomjit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Alex C K Yip
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, The University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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15
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Kulasekaran P, Maria Mahimai B, Deivanayagam P. Novel cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol)-based electrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26521-26527. [PMID: 35519728 PMCID: PMC9055404 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04360e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol)-sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) blend membranes were prepared. The studies of physico-chemical properties revealed that the reported membranes are promising candidate for PEMFC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonkuzhali Kulasekaran
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology
- India
| | - Berlina Maria Mahimai
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology
- India
| | - Paradesi Deivanayagam
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology
- India
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16
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Govindan M, Adam Gopal R, Zhu B, Duke M, Gray S, Moon IS. Prototype membrane electrolysis using a MFI-zeolite-coated ceramic tubular membrane provides in-line generation of two active electron mediators by eliminating active species crossover. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Barooah M, Mandal B. Synthesis, characterization and CO2 separation performance of novel PVA/PG/ZIF-8 mixed matrix membrane. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Ma WT, Kumar SR, Hsu CT, Shih CM, Tsai SW, Yang CC, Liu YL, Lue SJ. Magnetic field-assisted alignment of graphene oxide nanosheets in a polymer matrix to enhance ionic conduction. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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19
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Xu Z, Liu G, Ye H, Jin W, Cui Z. Two-dimensional MXene incorporated chitosan mixed-matrix membranes for efficient solvent dehydration. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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20
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Elmas S, Beelders W, Pan X, Nann T. Conducting Copper(I/II)-Metallopolymer for the Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) with High Kinetic Current Density. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1002. [PMID: 30960927 PMCID: PMC6403769 DOI: 10.3390/polym10091002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is still the most research-intensive aspect of a fuel cell. The sluggish kinetics of the electrocatalysts toward the ORR requires large amounts of platinum to be used as cathode material, which calls for alternatives to replace or minimize the amount of the noble metals used. This study describes the synthesis and complete characterization of a copper metallopolymer (Cu MP) based on a conducting polymer (CP) and single-site catalytic centers for the electrocatalytic ORR. The copper (II) catalyst, embedded in a redox-active and conducting polymeric environment, was pursued as a potential candidate to replace noble metals in fuel cell applications. Performance studies at a rotating disk electrode (RDE) showed that the metallopolymer exhibited a direct four-electron reduction at potentials between -150 and -350 mV vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and high kinetic current densities of over 22.62 mA/cm². The kinetic current densities obtained at the Cu MP electrode outperformed most of the reported state-of-the art electrocatalysts toward the ORR. Further analysis of the Cu/CP hybrid revealed the copper being largely reduced to the oxidation state +I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sait Elmas
- Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Flinders University, Bedford Park SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Wesley Beelders
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Xun Pan
- Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Flinders University, Bedford Park SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Thomas Nann
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6420, New Zealand.
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