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Park EA, Kim TY, Son JS, Lee SY. Kapok fiber composites minimizing secondary waste and disposal costs for large-scale radioactive liquid treatment. J Environ Manage 2024; 357:120851. [PMID: 38581894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Conventional liquid treatments for large-scale, low-level radioactive wastewater, such as ion exchange and waste solidification, face challenges due to the large amounts of secondary waste and high disposal costs. A new large-scale decontamination method is proposed that uses kapok fiber composites for rapid radionuclide adsorption and high volume reduction to minimize secondary waste. The composite consists of natural zeolite and kapok holocellulose, which has high water-soaking ability and low-temperature pyrolysis. The kapok composites, fabricated using a commercial wet-laid nonwoven manufacturing process, absorbs 99% of low-level radioactive cesium in 20 min, reducing the volume by 98% and the weight by 47% at 300 °C. The low-temperature pyrolysis process below 300 °C prevents cesium desorption and gasification by avoiding zeolite destruction. The mass-producible kapok composites can be used for adsorbing various radionuclides in large-scale wastewater by attaching specific adsorbents for target isotopes to the composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ae Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Baekbeom-ro 35, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Baekbeom-ro 35, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sik Son
- Korea Textile Development Institute, Kukchaebosang-ro 136, Seo-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yop Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Baekbeom-ro 35, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Baekbeom-ro 35, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Liu X, Xiao M, Li Y, Chen Z, Yang H, Wang X. Advanced porous materials and emerging technologies for radionuclides removal from Fukushima radioactive water. Eco Environ Health 2023; 2:252-256. [PMID: 38435361 PMCID: PMC10902505 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Japan recently announced the plan to discharge over 1.2 million tons of radioactive water into the Pacific Ocean, which contained hazardous radionuclides such as 60Co, 90Sr, 125Sb, 129I, 3H, 137Cs, and 99TcO4-, etc. The contaminated water will pose an enormous threat to global ecosystems and human health. Developing materials and technologies for efficient radionuclide removal is highly desirable and arduous because of the extreme conditions, including super acidity or alkalinity, high ionic strength, and strong ionizing radiation. Recently, advanced porous material, such as porous POPs, MOFs, COFs, PAFs, etc., has shown promise of improved separation of radionuclides due to their intrinsic structural advantages. Furthermore, emerging technologies applied to radionuclide removal have also been summarized. In order to better deal with radionuclide contamination, higher requirements for the design of nanomaterials and technologies applied to practical radionuclide removal are proposed. Finally, we call for comprehensive implementation of strategies and strengthened cooperation to mitigate the harm caused by radioactive contamination to oceans, atmosphere, soil, and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Muliang Xiao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhongshan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hui Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiangke Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
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Periáñez R, Qiao F, Zhao C, de With G, Jung KT, Sangmanee C, Wang G, Xia C, Zhang M. Opening Fukushima floodgates: Modelling 137Cs impact in marine biota. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 170:112645. [PMID: 34174744 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A numerical model was applied to simulate the transport of 137Cs released with the waters which were used to cool Fukushima reactors. These stored waters will be released to the Pacific Ocean according to Japanese government plans. The radionuclide transport model is Lagrangian and includes radionuclide interactions with sediments and an integrated dynamic foodweb model for biota uptake. Calculations made from a conservative approach indicate that expected concentrations in sediments and marine fish would be orders of magnitude below those detected after Fukushima accident and also lower than those resulting from global fallout background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Periáñez
- Dpt Física Aplicada I, ETSIA, Universidad de Sevilla, Ctra Utrera km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Fangli Qiao
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Chang Zhao
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Govert de With
- Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group (NRG), Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | - Kyung-Tae Jung
- Oceanic Consulting and Trading, 157 Yangpyeong-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chalermrat Sangmanee
- Oceanography and Environment Division, Phuket Marine Biological Center, Phuket, Thailand
| | - Guansuo Wang
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Changshui Xia
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Min Zhang
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
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Zhao C, Wang G, Zhang M, Wang G, de With G, Bezhenar R, Maderich V, Xia C, Zhao B, Jung KT, Periáñez R, Akhir MF, Sangmanee C, Qiao F. Transport and dispersion of tritium from the radioactive water of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 169:112515. [PMID: 34023585 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Japan recently announced plans to discharge over 1.2 million tons of radioactive water from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) into the Pacific Ocean. The contaminated water can poses a threat to marine ecosystems and human health. To estimate the impact of the plan, here, we developed a three-dimensional global model to track the transport and dispersion of tritium released from the radioactive water of the FDNPP. The pollution scenarios for four release durations (1 month, 1 year, 5 years, and 10 years) were simulated. The simulation results showed that for the release in short-duration scenarios (1 month and 1 year), the peak plume with high tritium concentration shifted with the currents and finally reached the northeastern Pacific. For the long-duration scenarios (5 years and 10 years), the peak plume of the contaminated water was confined to coastal regions east of Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zhao
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Gang Wang
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Min Zhang
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Guansuo Wang
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Govert de With
- Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group (NRG), Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | - Roman Bezhenar
- Institute of Mathematical Machine and System Problems, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir Maderich
- Institute of Mathematical Machine and System Problems, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Changshui Xia
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Biao Zhao
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Kyung Tae Jung
- Oceanic Consulting and Trading, Yangpyeong-ro, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Raúl Periáñez
- Dpt. Física Aplicada I, ETSIA, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mohd Fadzil Akhir
- Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Chalermrat Sangmanee
- Oceanography and Environment Division, Phuket Marine Biological Center, Phuket, Thailand
| | - Fangli Qiao
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao 266061, China.
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Zhang X, Liu Y. Integrated forward osmosis-adsorption process for strontium-containing water treatment: Pre-concentration and solidification. J Hazard Mater 2021; 414:125518. [PMID: 33652212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The volume reduction and subsequent solidification of soluble radionuclides have been known as the major challenges in global radioactive water management, with the urgent needs for new technology development. Thus, a novel forward osmosis (FO)-adsorption process was developed for decontamination of strontium-containing radioactive water. The FO filtration driven by the osmotic pressure difference across FO membrane was more cost- and energy-effective for pre-concentration and volume reduction of low-concentration radioactive water prior to solidification, whereas subsequent adsorption with a novel adsorbent offered an effective mean for high-efficiency fixation of soluble radioactive on adsorbent. Results showed that the FO unit in the proposed integrated process could lead to a concentration factor of 10, with 90% of water volume reduction. The concentrated stream with a smaller volume from FO was further treated through adsorption of Sr2+ by nanostructured layered sodium vanadosilicate which had an excellent adsorption capacity of 174.3 mg Sr2+/g. It was found that 96.8-99.9% of soluble Sr2+ in FO concentrate could be removed by adsorption within several seconds. As the result, an excellent solidification of Sr2+ with an ultimate concentration factor of 1000 was achieved in the proposed novel integrated FO-adsorption process. These clearly demonstrated that this process would offer an environmentally sustainable and economically viable engineering solution for high-efficiency decontamination of Sr2+-containing radioactive water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141 Singapore.
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141 Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore.
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Tang Y, Zhou J, Guo J, Liao X, Shi B. Irradiation-stable hydrous titanium oxide-immobilized collagen fibers for uranium removal from radioactive wastewater. J Environ Manage 2021; 283:112001. [PMID: 33497887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient adsorbents with radiation stability for uranium removal from nuclear wastewater is greatly important for resource sustainability and environmental safety in manufacturing nuclear fuel. A novel adsorbent of hydrous titanium oxide-immobilized collagen fibers (HTO/CFs) with good radiation stability for UO22+ removal was developed. Results showed that the adsorption capacity of HTO/CFs for UO22+ was 1.379 mmol g-1 at 303 K and pH 5.0 when the initial concentration of UO22+ was 2.5 mmol L-1. Moreover, HTO/CFs showed high selectivity for U(VI) in bilateral mixed solution including UO22+ with another coexisting ion, such as Cl-, NO3-, Zn2+, and Mg2+. The adsorption behavior of UO22+ from radioactive wastewater on HTO/CF column was also investigated, and the breakthrough point was approximately 250 BV (bed volume). Notably, the HTO/CFs column can be rapidly regenerated by using only 4.0 BV of 0.1 mol L-1 HNO3 solution. The regenerated HTO/CFs column exhibited slight change in the breakthrough curve, suggesting its excellent reapplication ability. Furthermore, after irradiation under 60Co γ-ray at total doses of 10-350 kGy, HTO/CFs still preserved fibrous morphology and adsorption capacity, indicating significant radiation stability. These results demonstrate that HTO/CFs are industrial scalable adsorbents for the adsorptive recovery of uranium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tang
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jibo Zhou
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Junling Guo
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xuepin Liao
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Bi Shi
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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Zhang L, Lu Y, Liu YL, Li M, Zhao HY, Hou LA. High flux MWCNTs-interlinked GO hybrid membranes survived in cross-flow filtration for the treatment of strontium-containing wastewater. J Hazard Mater 2016; 320:187-193. [PMID: 27544731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO)-based membranes provide an encouraging opportunity to support high separation efficiency for wastewater treatment. However, due to the relatively weak interaction between GO nanosheets, it is difficult for bare GO-based membranes to survive in cross-flow filtration. In addition, the permeation flux of the bare GO membrane is not high sufficiently due to its narrow interlayer spacing. In this study, GO membranes interlinked with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) via covalent bonds were fabricated on modified polyacrylonitrile (PAN) supports by vacuum filtration. Due to the strong bonds between GO, MWCNTs and the PAN membrane, the membranes could be used for the treatment of simulated nuclear wastewater containing strontium via a cross-flow process. The result showed a high flux of 210.7L/(m2h) at 0.4MPa, which was approximately 4 times higher than that of commercial nanofiltration membranes. The improved water permeation was attributed to the nanochannels created by the interlinked MWCNTs in the GO layers. In addition, the hybrid membrane exhibited a high rejection of 93.4% for EDTA-chelated Sr2+ in an alkaline solution, and could also be used to separate Na+/Sr2+ mixtures. These results indicate that the MWCNTs-interlinked GO membrane has promising prospects for application in radioactive waste treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Ying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Ying-Ling Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ming Li
- Xi'an High-Tech Institute, Xi'an 710025, PR China
| | - Hai-Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Li-An Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China; Xi'an High-Tech Institute, Xi'an 710025, PR China.
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Liu Y, Gu P, Jia L, Zhang G. An investigation into the use of cuprous chloride for the removal of radioactive iodide from aqueous solutions. J Hazard Mater 2016; 302:82-89. [PMID: 26448493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cuprous chloride (CuCl) was examined as a precipitant to remove iodide (I(-)) from aqueous solutions. The effects of the dosage of CuCl, reaction time, initial concentrations of I(-) and bicarbonate (HCO3(-)) on I(-) removal were investigated. The results showed that the optimized removal efficiency of I(-) reached approximately 95.8% when the dosage was 150 mg/L, the initial I(-) concentration ranged from 5 to 40 mg/L and the reaction time was 15 min. The removal efficiency decreased from 95.8% to 76.0% with the addition of HCO3(-) at a concentration in the range of 0-107 mg/L. Furthermore, the dissociation of CuCl, the disproportionation reaction of Cu(+), the precipitation of cuprous iodide (CuI) and cuprous oxide (Cu2O), and the formations of copper sulfide (CuxS, 1≤x<2) were identified as the primary reactions using the PHREEQC software and the measurements of water quality parameters under various conditions. X-rays photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was performed before and after the reaction, helping to elucidate the reaction mechanism. This study can provide a promising method to address radioactive I(-) pollution in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ping Gu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lin Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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