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Karahaliloglu Z, Ercan B, Hazer B. Impregnation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) grafts with BMP-2 loaded functional nanoparticles for reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament. J Microencapsul 2023; 40:197-215. [PMID: 36881484 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2023.2188940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Current artificial ligaments based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are associated with some disadvantages due to their hydrophobicity and low biocompatibility. In this study, we aimed to modify the surface of PET using polyethylene glycol (PEG)-terminated polystyrene (PS)-linoleic nanoparticles (PLinaS-g-PEG-NPs). We accomplished that BMP-2 in two different concentrations encapsulated in nanoparticles with an efficiency of 99.71 ± 1.5 and 99.95 ± 2.8%. While the dynamic contact angle of plain PET surface reduced from 116° to 115° after a measurement periods of 10 s, that of PLinaS-g-PEG-NPs modified PET from 80° to 17.5° within 0.35 s. According to in vitro BMP2 release study, BMP-2 was released 13.12 ± 1.76% and 45.47 ± 1.78% from 0.05 and 0.1BMP2-PLinaS-g-PEG-NPs modified PET at the end of 20 days, respectively. Findings from this study revealed that BMP2-PLinaS-g-PEG-NPs has a great potential to improve the artificial PET ligaments, and could be effectively applied for ACL reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Batur Ercan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
- BIOMATEN, Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Baki Hazer
- Department of Aircraft Airframe Engine Maintenance, Kapadokya University, Ürgüp, Nevsehir, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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2
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Chimanlal I, Nthunya LN, Mahlangu OT, Kirkebæk B, Ali A, Quist-Jensen CA, Richards H. Nanoparticle-Enhanced PVDF Flat-Sheet Membranes for Seawater Desalination in Direct Contact Membrane Distillation. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:317. [PMID: 36984704 PMCID: PMC10052890 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, hydrophobic functionalized carbon nanotubes (fCNTs) and silica nanoparticles (fSiO2NPs) were incorporated into polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) flat-sheet membranes to improve their performance in membrane distillation (MD). The performance of the as-synthesized membranes was evaluated against commercial reference polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) flat-sheet membranes. The water contact angle (WCA) and liquid entry pressure (LEP) of the PVDF membrane were compromised after incorporation of hydrophilic pore forming polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). These parameters were key in ensuring high salt rejections in MD processes. Upon incorporation of fCNTS and fSiO2NPs, WCA and LEP improved to 103.61° and 590 kPa, respectively. Moreover, the NP additives enhanced membrane surface roughness. Thus, an increase in membrane roughness improved WCA and resistance to membrane wetting. High salt rejection (>99%) and stable fluxes (39.77 kg m-2 h-1) were recorded throughout a 3 h process evaluation where 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was used as feed. These findings were recorded at feed temperature of 60 ℃. Evidently, this study substantiated the necessity of high feed temperatures towards high rates of water recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Chimanlal
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; (I.C.); (L.N.N.)
- Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (B.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Lebea N. Nthunya
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; (I.C.); (L.N.N.)
- Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (B.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Oranso T. Mahlangu
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa;
| | - Bastian Kirkebæk
- Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (B.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Aamer Ali
- Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (B.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Cejna A. Quist-Jensen
- Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (B.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Heidi Richards
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; (I.C.); (L.N.N.)
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Tang K, Hu H, Xiong Y, Chen L, Zhang J, Yuan C, Wu M. Hydrophobization Engineering of the Air-Cathode Catalyst for Improved Oxygen Diffusion towards Efficient Zinc-Air Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202671. [PMID: 35357773 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Poor oxygen diffusion at multiphase interfaces in an air cathode suppresses the energy densities of zinc-air batteries (ZABs). Developing effective strategies to tackle the issue is of great significance for overcoming the performance bottleneck. Herein, inspired by the bionics of diving flies, a polytetrafluoroethylene layer was coated on the surfaces of Co3 O4 nanosheets (NSs) grown on carbon cloth (CC) to create a hydrophobic surface to enable the formation of more three-phase reaction interfaces and promoted oxygen diffusion, rendering the hydrophobic-Co3 O4 NSs/CC electrode a higher limiting current density (214 mA cm-2 at 0.3 V) than that (10 mA cm-2 ) of untreated-Co3 O4 NSs/CC electrode. Consequently, the assembled ZAB employing hydrophobic-Co3 O4 NSs/CC cathode acquired a higher power density (171 mW cm-2 ) than that (102 mW cm-2 ) utilizing untreated-Co3 O4 NSs/CC cathode, proving the enhanced interfacial reaction kinetics on air cathode benefiting from the hydrophobization engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion Energy Materials and Devices of Anhui University, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion Energy Materials and Devices of Anhui University, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xiong
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Changzhou Yuan
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Mingzai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
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4
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Tang K, Hu H, Xiong Y, Chen L, Zhang J, Yuan C, Wu M. Hydrophobization Engineering of the Air‐cathode Catalyst for Improved Oxygen Diffusion towards Efficient Zinc‐Air Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Tang
- Anhui University School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Haibo Hu
- Anhui University School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Ying Xiong
- Southwest University of Science and Technology School of Materials Science & Engineering CHINA
| | - Lin Chen
- Southwest University of Science and Technology School of Materials Science & Engineering CHINA
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- University of Jinan School of Materials Science & Engineering CHINA
| | - Changzhou Yuan
- University of Jinan School of Material Science and Engineering Nanxinzhuang West Jinan CHINA
| | - Mingzai Wu
- Anhui University Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center CHINA
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5
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WATANABE J, FURUSAWA M, NAKAMOTO K, SUN Y, TASHIMA M, YAMAOKA K, FUJIWARA S, KIM HS, OKADA S, ALBRECHT K. 3,6-Diphenyltetrazine as Cathode Active Material for Sodium Ion Batteries. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.22-00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun WATANABE
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Masaki FURUSAWA
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University
| | - Kosuke NAKAMOTO
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University
| | - Yuchao SUN
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Masatoshi TASHIMA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Keiko YAMAOKA
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University
| | - Seiko FUJIWARA
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University
| | - Han Seul KIM
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Shigeto OKADA
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University
| | - Ken ALBRECHT
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University
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Hussain MM, Majeed MK, Ma H, Wang Y, Saleem A, Lotfi M. PTFE/EP Reinforced MOF/SiO 2 Composite as a Superior Mechanically Robust Superhydrophobic Agent towards Corrosion Protection, Self-Cleaning and Anti-Icing. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103220. [PMID: 34750900 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Organic resin cross-linking ZIF-67/SiO2 superhydrophobic (SHPB) multilayer coating was successfully fabricated on metal substrate. The perfluoro-octyl-triethoxy silane (POTS) modified ZIF-67 and SiO2 coating was applied on primary coated polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and epoxy resin (EP) via spray coating method. Here, we present that the robust superhydrophobicity can be realized by structuring surfaces at two different length scales, with a nanostructure design to provide water repellence and a microstructure design to provide durability. The as-fabricated multilayer coating displayed superior water-repellence (CA=167.4°), chemical robustness (pH=1-14) and mechanical durability undergoing 120th linear abrasion or 35th rotatory abrasion cycle. By applying different acidic and basic corrosive media and various weathering conditions, it can still maintain superior-hydrophobicity. To get a better insight of interaction between inhibitor molecules and metal surface, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed, showing lower energy gap and increased binding energy of ZPS/SiO2 /PTFE/EP (ZPS=ZIF-67+POTS) multilayer coating compared to the ZIF-67/SiO2 /PTFE/EP, thereby supporting the experimental findings. Additionally, such coatings may be useful for applications such as anti-corrosion, self-cleaning, and anti-icing multi-functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Muzammal Hussain
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad K Majeed
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Adil Saleem
- College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Mina Lotfi
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
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7
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One-Step Formation of Reduced Graphene Oxide from Insulating Polymers Induced by Laser Writing Method. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11111308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Finding a low-cost and effective method at low temperatures for producing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has been the focus of many efforts in the research community for almost two decades. Overall, rGO is a promising candidate for use in supercapacitors, batteries, biosensors, photovoltaic devices, corrosion inhibitors, and optical devices. Herein, we report the formation of rGO from two electrically insulating polymers, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and meta-polybenzimidazole fiber (m-PBI), using an excimer pulsed laser annealing (PLA) method. The results from X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirm the successful generation of rGO with the formation of a multilayered structure. We investigated the mechanisms for the transformation of PTFE and PBI into rGO. The PTFE transition occurs by both a photochemical mechanism and a photothermal mechanism. The transition of PBI is dominated by a photo-oxidation mechanism and stepwise thermal degradation. After degradation and degassing procedures, both the polymers leave behind free molten carbon with some oxygen and hydrogen content. The free molten carbon undergoes an undercooling process with a regrowth velocity (<4 m·s−1) that is necessary for the formation of rGO structures. This approach has the potential for use in creating future selective polymer-written electronics.
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In Vitro Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Premolar Teeth Restored with Prefabricated and Custom-Made Fibre-Reinforced Composite Posts. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14206214. [PMID: 34683806 PMCID: PMC8537123 DOI: 10.3390/ma14206214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The study aimed to compare and analyse the differences between the features of prefabricated fibre-reinforced composite (FRC) posts and custom-made FRC posts in the form of a tape and confirm the necessity of using FRC posts in teeth treated endodontically in comparison to direct reconstruction with a composite material. (2) Methods: Sixty premolars after endodontic treatment were used. The teeth were divided into four groups (n-15). Group 1: teeth with embedded prefabricated posts (Mirafit White); group 2: teeth with embedded prefabricated posts (Rebilda); group 3 teeth with embedded custom-made posts in the form of a tape (EverStick); group 4: teeth without a post restored with composite material. The compressive strength of the teeth was tested using the Instron-5944 testing machine until the sample broke. The crystal structure of the investigated posts was detected with the X-ray diffractometer (3) Results: During the experiment, the maximum values of forces at which the damage of the restored premolar teeth after endodontic treatment occurred were obtained. The best results were obtained for teeth rebuilt with Rebilda Posts (1119 N), while teeth with cemented Mirafit White posts were the weakest (968 N). Teeth without an embedded FRC post, rebuilt only with light-cured composite material, obtained the lowest value-859 N. (4) Conclusions: The use of FRC posts increases the resistance to damage of an endodontically treated tooth when compared to direct restoration with light-cured composite material.
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Chingo Aimacaña CM, Quinchiguango Perez DA, Rocha Pinto S, Debut A, Attia MF, Santos-Oliveira R, Whitehead DC, Terencio T, Alexis F, Dahoumane SA. Polytetrafluoroethylene-like Nanoparticles as a Promising Contrast Agent for Dual Modal Ultrasound and X-ray Bioimaging. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1181-1191. [PMID: 33590748 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Various noninvasive imaging techniques are used to produce deep-tissue and high-resolution images for biomedical research and clinical purposes. Organic and inorganic bioimaging agents have been developed to enhance the resolution and contrast intensity. This paper describes the synthesis of polytetrafluoroethylene-like nanoparticles (PTFE≈ NPs), their characterization, biological activity, and bioimaging properties. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed the shape and the size of the as-obtained small and ultrasmall PTFE≈ NPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the PTFE-like character of the samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) enabled the determination of the crystallization system, cell lattice, and index of crystallinity of the material in addition to the presence of titania (TiO2) as the contamination. These findings were corroborated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) that identifies the chemical states of the elements present in the samples along with their atomic percentages allowing the determination of both the purity index of the sample and the nature of the impurities. Additionally, diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) was used to further assess the optical properties of the materials. Importantly, PTFE≈ NPs showed significant in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. Lastly, PTFE≈ NPs were tested for their ultrasound and X-ray contrast properties. Our encouraging preliminary results open new avenues for PTFE-like nanomaterials as a suitable multifunctional contrast agent for biomedical imaging applications. Combined with suitable surface chemistry and morphology design, these findings shed light to new opportunities offered by PTFE nanoparticles in the ever-booming biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suyene Rocha Pinto
- Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Nuclear Engineering Institute, Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmacy and Synthesis of Novel Radiopharmaceuticals, 21941906 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Zona Oeste State University, Laboratory of Radiopharmacy and Nanoradiopharmaceuticals, 23070200 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexis Debut
- Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí 170501, Ecuador
| | - Mohamed F Attia
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Ralph Santos-Oliveira
- Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Nuclear Engineering Institute, Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmacy and Synthesis of Novel Radiopharmaceuticals, 21941906 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Zona Oeste State University, Laboratory of Radiopharmacy and Nanoradiopharmaceuticals, 23070200 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel C Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Thibault Terencio
- School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, 100650 Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Frank Alexis
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, 100650 Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Si Amar Dahoumane
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, 100650 Urcuquí, Ecuador
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Targonska S, Rewak-Soroczynska J, Piecuch A, Paluch E, Szymanski D, Wiglusz RJ. Preparation of a New Biocomposite Designed for Cartilage
Grafting with Antibiofilm Activity. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:24546-24557. [PMID: 33015472 PMCID: PMC7528337 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
New
polymer–inorganic composites with antibiofilm features
based on the granulated poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) and apatite
materials were obtained using a standard hydraulic press. The study
was performed in hydroxy- and fluorapatites doped with different amounts
of silver ions and followed by heat treatment at 600 °C. The
structural, morphological, and physicochemical properties were determined
by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR)
spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectrometry
(SEM-EDS), and transition electron microscopy (TEM). The antibacterial
properties of the obtained materials were evaluated against Gram-negative
pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli as well as against Gram-positive
bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis. The cytotoxicity assessment was carried out on the red blood cells
(RBC) as a cell model for in vitro study. Moreover, the biofilm formation
on the biocomposite surface was studied using confocal laser scanning
microscopy (CLSM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Targonska
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Rewak-Soroczynska
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agata Piecuch
- Institute
of Genetics and Microbiology, University
of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Emil Paluch
- Department
of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw
Medical University, Tytusa Chalubinskiego 4, 50-376 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Damian Szymanski
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafal J. Wiglusz
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
- . Phone: +48(071)3954159. Fax: +48(071)3441029
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Trinh KT, Thai DA, Chae WR, Lee NY. Rapid Fabrication of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Devices for Lab-on-a-Chip Applications Using Acetic Acid and UV Treatment. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:17396-17404. [PMID: 32715224 PMCID: PMC7377064 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we introduce a new approach for rapid bonding of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based microdevices using an acetic acid solvent with the assistance of UV irradiation. For the anticipated mechanism, acetic acid and UV irradiation induced free radicals on the PMMA surfaces, and acrylate monomers subsequently formed cross-links to create a permanent bonding between the PMMA substrates. PMMA devices effectively bonded within 30 s at a low pressure using clamps, and a clogging-free microchannel was achieved with the optimized 50% acetic acid. For surface characterizations, contact angle measurements and bonding performance analyses were conducted using predetermined acetic acid concentrations to optimize bonding conditions. In addition, the highest bond strength of bonded PMMA was approximately 11.75 MPa, which has not been reported before in the bonding of PMMA. A leak test was performed over 180 h to assess the robustness of the proposed method. Moreover, to promote the applicability of this bonding method, we tested two kinds of microfluidic device applications, including a cell culture-based device and a metal microelectrode-integrated device. The results showed that the cell culture-based application was highly biocompatible with the PMMA microdevices fabricated using an acetic acid solvent. Moreover, the low pressure required during the bonding process supported the integration of metal microelectrodes with the PMMA microdevice without any damage to the metal films. This novel bonding method holds great potential in the ecofriendly and rapid fabrication of microfluidic devices using PMMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieu The
Loan Trinh
- Department
of Industrial Environmental Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea
| | - Duc Anh Thai
- Department
of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea
| | - Woo Ri Chae
- BioNano
Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department
of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea
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13
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Cleavage of the Graft Bonds in PVDF- g-St Films by Boiling Xylene Extraction and the Determination of the Molecular Weight of the Graft Chains. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11071098. [PMID: 31261766 PMCID: PMC6681020 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the molecular weight of graft chains in grafted films, the polystyrene graft chains of PVDF-g-St films synthesized by a pre-irradiation graft method are cleaved and separated by boiling xylene extraction. The analysis of the extracted material and the residual films by FTIR, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analyses indicates that most graft chains are removed from the PVDF-g-St films within 72 h of extraction time. Furthermore, the molecular weight of the residual films decreases quickly within 8 h of extraction and then remains virtually unchanged up to 72 h after extraction time. The degradation is due to the cleavage of graft bonds, which is mainly driven by the thermal degradation and the swelling of graft chains in solution. This allows determination of the molecular weight of graft chains by GPC analysis of the extracted material. The results indicate that the PVDF-g-St prepared in this study has the structure where one or two graft chains hang from each PVDF backbone.
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