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Schlicht S, Drummer D. Eutectic In Situ Modification of Polyamide 12 Processed through Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2050. [PMID: 36903165 PMCID: PMC10003968 DOI: 10.3390/ma16052050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Laser-based powder bed fusion (LPBF) of polymers allows for the additive manufacturing of dense components with high mechanical properties. Due to inherent limitations of present material systems suitable for LPBF of polymers and required high processing temperatures, the present paper investigates the in situ modification of material systems using powder blending of p-aminobenzoic acid and aliphatic polyamide 12, followed by subsequent laser-based additive manufacturing. Prepared powder blends exhibit a considerable reduction of required processing temperatures dependent on the fraction of p-aminobenzoic acid, allowing for the processing of polyamide 12 at a build chamber temperature of 141.5 °C. An elevated fraction of 20 wt% of p-aminobenzoic acid allows for obtaining a considerably increased elongation at break of 24.65% ± 2.87 while exhibiting a reduced ultimate tensile strength. Thermal investigations demonstrate the influence of the thermal material history on thermal properties, associated with the suppression of low-melting crystalline fractions, yielding amorphous material properties of the previously semi-crystalline polymer. Based on complementary infrared spectroscopic analysis, the increased presence of secondary amides can be observed, indicating the influence of both covalently bound aromatic groups and hydrogen-bound supramolecular structures on emerging material properties. The presented approach represents a novel methodology for the energy-efficient in situ preparation of eutectic polyamides, potentially allowing for the manufacturing of tailored material systems with adapted thermal, chemical, and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Schlicht
- Institute of Polymer Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Am Weichselgarten 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Collaborative Research Center 814, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Am Weichselgarten 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Drummer
- Institute of Polymer Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Am Weichselgarten 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Collaborative Research Center 814, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Am Weichselgarten 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Biobased Copolyamides 56/66: Synthesis, Characterization and Crystallization Kinetics. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183879. [PMID: 36146024 PMCID: PMC9504581 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study synthesized a series of new biobased copolyamides (co-PAs), namely PA56/PA66 with various comonomer ratios, by using in situ polycondensation. The structures, compositions, behaviors, and crystallization kinetics of the co-PAs were investigated through proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The influence of the composition of co-PAs on their mechanical properties and thermal stability was investigated. The co-PAs exhibited a eutectic melting point when the PA56 content was 50 mol%, with the crystallization temperature decreasing from 229 to a minimum 188 °C and the melting temperature from 253 to a minimum 218 °C. The results indicated that the tensile strength and flexural modulus first decreased and then increased as the PA66 content increased. The nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of the PA56/PA66 co-PAs were analyzed using both the Avrami equation modifications presented by Jeziorny and Mo. The results also indicated that the crystallization rate of the PA56/PA66 co-PAs was higher than that of PA56.
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Basaki N, Vafaee M. New azopolyamide-nanocomposites reinforced with resorcinol modified ternary layered double hydroxide: synthesis, optical and thermal properties. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2061994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nematollah Basaki
- Department of Chemistry, Farahan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Farahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Vafaee
- Department of Chemistry, Farahan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Farahan, Iran
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4
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Yang Q, Li W, Stober ST, Burns AB, Gopinadhan M, Martini A. Effect of Aliphatic Chain Length on the Stress–Strain Response of Semiaromatic Polyamide Crystals. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quanpeng Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Wenjun Li
- Corporate Strategic Research, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - Spencer T. Stober
- Corporate Strategic Research, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - Adam B. Burns
- Corporate Strategic Research, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - Manesh Gopinadhan
- Corporate Strategic Research, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - Ashlie Martini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
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Ranganathan P, Chen Y, Rwei S, Lee Y. Optically transparent bio‐based polyamides with microcellular foaming properties derived from renewable difunctional aminoamides. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palraj Ranganathan
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu‐Hao Chen
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Syang‐Peng Rwei
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi‐Huan Lee
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
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Li H, Shang Y, Huang W, Xue B, Zhang X, Cui Z, Fu P, Pang X, Zhao Q, Liu M. Synthesis of succinic acid‐based polyamide through direct solid‐state polymerization method: Avoiding cyclization of succinic acid. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Engineering Laboratory of High‐Performance Nylon Engineering Plastics of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Yuting Shang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Engineering Laboratory of High‐Performance Nylon Engineering Plastics of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Wenrui Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Engineering Laboratory of High‐Performance Nylon Engineering Plastics of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Bingfeng Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Engineering Laboratory of High‐Performance Nylon Engineering Plastics of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Engineering Laboratory of High‐Performance Nylon Engineering Plastics of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Jinguan Electric Co., Ltd Nanyang China
| | - Zhe Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Engineering Laboratory of High‐Performance Nylon Engineering Plastics of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Peng Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Engineering Laboratory of High‐Performance Nylon Engineering Plastics of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Xinchang Pang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Engineering Laboratory of High‐Performance Nylon Engineering Plastics of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Qingxiang Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Engineering Laboratory of High‐Performance Nylon Engineering Plastics of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Minying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Engineering Laboratory of High‐Performance Nylon Engineering Plastics of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
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7
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Ye JY, Peng KF, Zhang YN, Huang SY, Liang M. Synthesis and Characterization of N-Substituted Polyether- Block-Amide Copolymers. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14040773. [PMID: 33562097 PMCID: PMC7915099 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-substituted polyether-block-amide (PEBA-X%) copolymers were prepared by melt polycondensation of nylon-6 prepolymer and polytetramethylene ether glycol at an elevated temperature using titanium isopropoxide as a catalyst. The structure, thermal properties, and crystallinity of PEBA-X% were investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, wide angle X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. In general, the crystallinity, melting point, and thermal degradation temperature of PEBA-X% decreased as the incorporation of N-methyl functionalized groups increased, owing to the disruption caused to the structural regularity of the copolymer. However, in N-acetyl functionalized analogues, the crystallinity first dropped and then increased because of a new γ form arrangement that developed in the microstructure. After the cross-linking reaction of the N-methyl-substituted derivative, which has electron-donating characteristics, with poly(4,4′-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate), the decomposition temperature of the resulting polymer significantly increased, whereas no such improvements could be observed in the case of the electro-withdrawing N-acetyl-substituted derivative, because of the incompleteness of its cross-linking reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyun-Yan Ye
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chia-Yi University, Chia-Yi 600, Taiwan; (J.-Y.Y.); (Y.-N.Z.)
| | - Kuo-Fu Peng
- Department of Footwear Technology, Footwear & Recreation Technology Research Institute, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (K.-F.P.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Yu-Ning Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chia-Yi University, Chia-Yi 600, Taiwan; (J.-Y.Y.); (Y.-N.Z.)
| | - Szu-Yuan Huang
- Department of Footwear Technology, Footwear & Recreation Technology Research Institute, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (K.-F.P.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Mong Liang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chia-Yi University, Chia-Yi 600, Taiwan; (J.-Y.Y.); (Y.-N.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-52717952
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Ai T, Zou G, Feng W, Ren Z, Li F, Wang P, Lu B, Ji J. Synthesis and properties of biobased copolyamides based on polyamide 10T and polyamide 56 through one-pot polymerization. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02330f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A series of new biobased polyamide 10T-co-56 were synthesized with various comonomer compositions by a one-pot polycondensation reaction, and their structures, crystalline and melting behavior were systematically investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Ai
- National Engineering Research Center of Engineering Plastics
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
| | - Guangji Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Engineering Plastics
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wutong Feng
- National Engineering Research Center of Engineering Plastics
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonglai Ren
- National Engineering Research Center of Engineering Plastics
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Engineering Plastics
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
| | - Pingli Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Engineering Plastics
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of Engineering Plastics
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
| | - Junhui Ji
- National Engineering Research Center of Engineering Plastics
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
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Tong X, Wang Z, Zhang ML, Wang XJ, Zhang G, Long SR, Yang J. Synthesis, Characterization and Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of a New Family of Poly (Ether-Block-Amide)s Based on Nylon 10T/10I. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:E72. [PMID: 33375409 PMCID: PMC7795608 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel thermoplastic elastomers based on (poly(decamethylene terephthalamide/decamethylene isophthalamide), PA10T/10I) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were synthesized via a facile one-pot, efficient and pollution-free method. The thermal analysis demonstrates that the melting points of the resultant elastomers were in the range of 217.1-233.9 °C, and their initial decomposition temperatures were in the range of 385.3-387.5 °C. That is higher than most commercial polyamide-based thermoplastic elastomers. The tensile strength of the resultant elastomers ranges from 21.9 to 41.1 MPa. According to the high-temperature bending test results, the resultant samples still maintain considerably better mechanical properties than commercial products such as Pebax® 5533 (Arkema, Paris, France), and these novel thermoplastic elastomers could potentially be applied in high-temperature scenes. The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of the resultant elastomers and PA10T/10I was investigated by means of Jeziorny and Mo's methods. Both of them could successfully describe the crystallization behavior of the resultant elastomers. Additionally, the activation energy of non-isothermal crystallization was calculated by the Kissinger method and the Friedman equation. The results indicate that the crystallization rates follow the order of TPAE-2000 > TPAE-1500 > PA10T/10I > TPAE-1000. From the crystallization analysis, the crystallization kinetics and activation energies are deeply affected by the molecular weight of hard segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (X.T.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhao Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (X.T.); (Z.W.)
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (M.-L.Z.); (G.Z.); (S.-R.L.)
| | - Xiao-Jun Wang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (M.-L.Z.); (G.Z.); (S.-R.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (M.-L.Z.); (G.Z.); (S.-R.L.)
| | - Sheng-Ru Long
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (M.-L.Z.); (G.Z.); (S.-R.L.)
| | - Jie Yang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (M.-L.Z.); (G.Z.); (S.-R.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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David PS, Karunanithi A, Fathima NN. Improved filtration for dye removal using keratin-polyamide blend nanofibrous membranes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:45629-45638. [PMID: 32803596 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dyes from industrial wastewaters represent one of the most hazardous pollutants as they are not effectively biodegradable. The present work is focused to study the novel properties of keratin-polyamide blend nanofibrous filtration membranes for treating wastewaters containing dye. Keratin protein was extracted from goat hair, a tannery waste through sulphitolysis process. The extracted keratin was blended with polyamide to prepare a nanofibrous membrane through the electrospinning process. The fabricated pristine polyamide and keratin-altered polyamide membranes were characterized and compared for their properties. Effects of solution pH, dye concentration, membrane flux, and membrane capacity have been examined. Very fine nanofibers and enhanced porosity drive the membrane to enhanced flux and higher filtration efficiencies. At pH 2, the dye removal efficiency of the blend membranes was 100, 99, 98, 90, and 83% for 100, 200, 250, 300, and 400 ppm concentrations of dye, respectively. The keratin-polyamide blend membrane exhibited better properties in all aspects. The results of this present investigation indicate that the presence of keratin in filtration membranes is promising for dye removal from the effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Sheeba David
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India
| | - Arthi Karunanithi
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India
| | - Nishter Nishad Fathima
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India.
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Chen YH, Ranganathan P, Chen CW, Lee YH, Rwei SP. Effect of Bis (2-Aminoethyl) Adipamide/Adipic Acid Segment on Polyamide 6: Crystallization Kinetics Study. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051067. [PMID: 32384761 PMCID: PMC7284434 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystallization behavior of novel polyamide 6 (PA6) copolyamides with different amounts of bis (2-aminoethyl) adipamide/adipic acid (BAEA/AA) segment was investigated. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) results showed that as the amount of BAEA/AA segment increased to 10 mole%, the crystalline forms of all PA6 copolyamide were transferred from the stable α-form to the unstable γ-form because of the complex polymer structure. According to studies of crystallization kinetics, the Avrami exponent (n) values for all copolyamide samples ranged from 1.43 to 3.67 under isothermal conditions, implying that the crystallization is involved in the two- to three-dimensional growth at a high temperature of isothermal condition. The copolyamides provided a slower crystallization rate and higher crystallization activation energy (ΔEa) than neat PA6. Polyamide containing 10 mole% of BEAE/AA content exhibited a unique crystallization behavior in the coexistence of the α and γ forms. These results deepen our understanding of the relationship between BAEA/AA content, crystal structure, and its crystallization behavior in low-melting PA6, and they make these types of copolyamides useful for their practical application.
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12
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Structure architecture and morphology changes study in nylon 6/12 copolymers through anionic copolymerization via Response Surface Methodology modeling. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rwei SP, Ranganathan P, Lee YH. Synthesis and characterization of low melting point PA6 copolyamides from ε-caprolactam with bio-based polyamide salt. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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The influence of 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid on the thermal and mechanical properties of copolyamides. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02738-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Rwei SP, Ranganathan P, Lee YH. Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics Study of Fully Aliphatic PA6 Copolyamides: Effect of Novel Long-Chain Polyamide Salt as a Comonomer. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11030472. [PMID: 30960456 PMCID: PMC6473749 DOI: 10.3390/polym11030472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
N1, N6-bis (4-aminobutyl) adipamide (BABA) diamine and sebacic acid (SA), also called BABA/SA polyamide salt, were used in a typical melt polymerization processes of polyamide 6 (PA6) to form a series of PA6-BABA/SA copolyamides. The effects of BABA/SA on the isothermal crystallization kinetics of PA6-BABA/SA were studied for the first time. An isothermal crystallization analysis demonstrates that the PA6-BABA/SA matrix provided a higher crystallization rate and shorter half-crystallization time than virgin PA6 did. The degree of crystallization of the PA6-BABA/SA30 matrix was also the lowest among all of the samples considered herein. This result is attributed to the high nucleation efficacy of a small amount of BABA/SA in the crystallization of PA6. Values of the Avrami exponent (n) from 1.84 to 3.91 were observed for all of the polyamide samples, suggesting that the crystallization was involved via a two- to three-dimensional growth mechanism. These findings deepen our understanding of the structure–property relationship of PA6-BABA/SA copolyamides, favoring their practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syang-Peng Rwei
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Palraj Ranganathan
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Huan Lee
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
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