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Sun H, Pei X, Ruan H, Song F, Wang T, Wang Q, Wang C. “Partition Method”-Inspired Fabrication of Hierarchically Porous Polyetherimide via Supercritical CO 2 Foaming: Achieving Efficient Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Sun
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianqiang Pei
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China
| | - Hongwei Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fuzhi Song
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China
| | - Tingmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China
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Löffler RJG, Hanczyc MM, Gorecki J. A camphene-camphor-polymer composite material for the production of superhydrophobic absorbent microporous foams. Sci Rep 2022; 12:243. [PMID: 34997122 PMCID: PMC8741767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recently published paper (doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113116) on self-propelled motion of objects on the water surface, we described a novel surface-active plastic material obtained by dissolution of camphor and polypropylene in camphene at 250 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$^\circ$$\end{document}∘C. The material has wax-like mechanical properties, can be easily formed to any moldable shape, and allows for longer and more stable self-propelled motion if compared with pure camphor or pure camphene or of a camphene-camphor wax. Here we use scanning electron microscopy to visualize and characterize the microporous structure of the solid polypropylene foam formed in the plastic for different polypropylene contents. The topology of foams remaining in the material after camphor and camphene molecules have been removed through evaporation or dissolution is similar to polypropylene foams obtained using thermally-induced phase separation. We show that the foams have a superhydrophobic surface but strongly absorb non-polar liquids, and suggest an array of potential scientific and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J G Löffler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Mazowieckie, Poland.,Laboratory for Artificial Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico Fabio Ferrari, Polo B, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, 38123, Trentino Alto-Adige, Italy
| | - Martin M Hanczyc
- Laboratory for Artificial Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico Fabio Ferrari, Polo B, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, 38123, Trentino Alto-Adige, Italy.,Farris Engineering Center, Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Jerzy Gorecki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Mazowieckie, Poland.
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Kweon MS, Embabi M, Shivokhin ME, Gupta A, Yan X, Pehlert G, Lee PC. Tuning High and Low Temperature Foaming Behavior of Linear and Long-Chain Branched Polypropylene via Partial and Complete Melting. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:polym14010044. [PMID: 35012070 PMCID: PMC8747320 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While existing foam studies have identified processing parameters, such as high-pressure drop rate, and engineering measures, such as high melt strength, as key factors for improving foamability, there is a conspicuous absence of studies that directly relate foamability to material properties obtained from fundamental characterization. To bridge this gap, this work presents batch foaming studies on one linear and two long-chain branched polypropylene (PP) resins to investigate how foamability is affected by partial melting (Method 1) and complete melting followed by undercooling (Method 2). At temperatures above the melting point, similar expansion was obtained using both foaming procedures within each resin, while the PP with the highest strain hardening ratio (13) exhibited the highest expansion ratio (45 ± 3). At low temperatures, the foamability of all resins was dramatically improved using Method 2 compared to Method 1, due to access to lower foaming temperatures (<150 °C) near the crystallization onset. Furthermore, Method 2 resulted in a more uniform cellular structure over a wider temperature range (120–170 °C compared to 155–175 °C). Overall, strong extensional hardening and low onset of crystallization were shown to give rise to foamability at high and low temperatures, respectively, suggesting that both characteristics can be appropriately used to tune the foamability of PP in industrial foaming applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Sung Kweon
- Multifunctional Composites Manufacturing Laboratory (MCML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada; (M.S.K.); (M.E.)
| | - Mahmoud Embabi
- Multifunctional Composites Manufacturing Laboratory (MCML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada; (M.S.K.); (M.E.)
| | - Maksim E. Shivokhin
- ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, TX 77520, USA; (M.E.S.); (A.G.); (X.Y.); (G.P.)
| | - Anvit Gupta
- ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, TX 77520, USA; (M.E.S.); (A.G.); (X.Y.); (G.P.)
| | - Xuejia Yan
- ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, TX 77520, USA; (M.E.S.); (A.G.); (X.Y.); (G.P.)
| | - George Pehlert
- ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, TX 77520, USA; (M.E.S.); (A.G.); (X.Y.); (G.P.)
| | - Patrick C. Lee
- Multifunctional Composites Manufacturing Laboratory (MCML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada; (M.S.K.); (M.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(416)-946-5407
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Liu B, Jiang T, Zeng X, Deng R, Gu J, Gong W, He L. Polypropylene/thermoplastic polyester elastomer blend: Crystallization properties, rheological behavior, and foaming performance. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bujin Liu
- The Institute of Materials and Metallurgy of Guizhou University Guiyang China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Tuanhui Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Xiangbu Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Rong Deng
- The Institute of Materials and Metallurgy of Guizhou University Guiyang China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Jun Gu
- The Institute of Materials and Metallurgy of Guizhou University Guiyang China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Wei Gong
- The Institute of Materials and Construction of Guizhou Normal University Guiyang China
| | - Li He
- The Institute of Materials and Metallurgy of Guizhou University Guiyang China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
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Ho QB, Kontopoulou M. Stabilization of the cellular structure of polypropylene foams and secondary nucleation mechanism in the presence of graphene nanoplatelets. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Cardea S, De Marco I. Cellulose Acetate and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Membranes, Nanoparticles, Microparticles and Nanostructured Filaments. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010162. [PMID: 31936324 PMCID: PMC7023498 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose acetate (CA) is a very versatile biocompatible polymer used in various industrial sectors. Therefore, depending on the application, different morphologies are required. Different processes at industrial scale are commonly employed to obtain CA micro or nanoparticles (discontinuous structures) or CA membranes (continuous structures with discontinuities). In this work, two supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) based techniques, such as the semi-continuous supercritical antisolvent process (SAS) and the supercritical fluid phase inversion process, in which scCO2 plays the role of antisolvent, were employed. Varying the kind of organic solvent used to prepare the polymeric solution, the polymer concentration, and operating pressure and temperature, it was possible to tune the characteristics of the obtained material. In particular, using acetone as the organic solvent, filaments constituted by nanoparticles, expanded microparticles, nanoparticles with a mean diameter lower than 80 nm, and microporous membranes were obtained, varying the operating conditions. The attainment of spherical micron-sized particles was instead achieved using a mixture of acetone and DMSO as the organic solvent. Therefore, the versatility of the supercritical carbon dioxide-based techniques has been confirmed, and it was possible to obtain, using a single experimental plant, various morphologies of cellulose acetate (with controllable particles' or pores' diameters) by varying the operating conditions.
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Antunes M, Velasco JI. Polymeric Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11071179. [PMID: 31336996 PMCID: PMC6680933 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have boosted the development of more efficient materials, with emerging sectors (electronics, energy, aerospace, among others) demanding novel materials to fulfill the complex technical requirements of their products [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Antunes
- Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC·Barcelona Tech), C/Colom 11, E-08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Velasco
- Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC·Barcelona Tech), C/Colom 11, E-08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
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Kong H, Xu Q, Yu M. Microstructural Changes of Aramid Fiber Due to Reaction with Toluene 2,4-diisocyanate under Tension in scCO 2. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11071110. [PMID: 31266166 PMCID: PMC6680621 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
High modulus aramid fiber, such as Kevlar 49, is conventionally prepared by the heat annealing of high strength aramid fiber under a suitable tension at high temperature, especially higher than 500 °C. This enables the mobility of a rigid molecule chain to be rearranged into a more perfect crystalline or orientation structure under tension. However, annealing decreases the tensile strength, since the thermal degradation of the molecular chain at high temperature cannot be avoided. Kevlar 49 fibers treated in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) under tension could improve their mechanical properties at a low temperature. The effects of the tension on the mechanical properties and structure of the Kevlar 49 fibers were studied by mechanical testing, wide-angle and small-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS, SAXS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the mechanical properties, crystallinity and orientation of the fiber can be improved when the tension is less than 0.6 cN/dtex, which may be due to the increasing of the mobility of a rigid segment with the help of the plasticization of scCO2 and re-arrangement of macromolecular chain into crystalline and orientation structure under tension. What’s more, the amorphous region also was enhanced by crosslinking reaction of toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) with the chain end groups of the macromolecules in the amorphous regions. However, a decrease of tenacity was found when the tension was higher than 0.6 cN/dtex, which is because the tension was so high that the microfibril was broken. The results indicated that treating the Kevlar 49 fiber in scCO2 under a suitable tension with TDI as a crosslink agent can simultaneously improve both the tenacity and modulus of the fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Kong
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Qian Xu
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Muhuo Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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Abbasi H, Antunes M, Velasco JI. Polyetherimide Foams Filled with Low Content of Graphene Nanoplatelets Prepared by scCO₂ Dissolution. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E328. [PMID: 30960311 PMCID: PMC6419172 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyetherimide (PEI) foams with graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) were prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) dissolution. Foam precursors were prepared by melt-mixing PEI with variable amounts of ultrasonicated GnP (0.1⁻2.0 wt %) and foamed by one-step scCO₂ foaming. While the addition of GnP did not significantly modify the cellular structure of the foams, melt-mixing and foaming induced a better dispersion of GnP throughout the foams. There were minor changes in the degradation behaviour of the foams with adding GnP. Although the residue resulting from burning increased with augmenting the amount of GnP, foams showed a slight acceleration in their primary stages of degradation with increasing GnP content. A clear increasing trend was observed for the normalized storage modulus of the foams with incrementing density. The electrical conductivity of the foams significantly improved by approximately six orders of magnitude with only adding 1.5 wt % of GnP, related to an improved dispersion of GnP through a combination of ultrasonication, melt-mixing and one-step foaming, leading to the formation of a more effective GnP conductive network. As a result of their final combined properties, PEI-GnP foams could find use in applications such as electrostatic discharge (ESD) or electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Abbasi
- Centre Català del Plàstic, Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal lúrgica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC Barcelona Tech), C/Colom 114, E-08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marcelo Antunes
- Centre Català del Plàstic, Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal lúrgica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC Barcelona Tech), C/Colom 114, E-08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José Ignacio Velasco
- Centre Català del Plàstic, Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal lúrgica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC Barcelona Tech), C/Colom 114, E-08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
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