1
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Liu Y, Xing Z, Jia S, Shi X, Chen Z, Jiang Z. Research Progress in Special Engineering Plastic-Based Electrochromic Polymers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:73. [PMID: 38203927 PMCID: PMC10780189 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
SPECPs are electrochromic polymers that contain special engineering plastic structural characteristic groups (SPECPs). Due to their high thermal stability, mechanical properties, and weather resistance, they are also known as high-performance electrochromic polymer (HPEP or HPP). Meanwhile, due to the structural characteristics of their long polymer chains, these materials have natural advantages in the application of flexible electrochromic devices. According to the structure of special engineering plastic groups, SPECPs are divided into five categories: polyamide, polyimide, polyamide imide, polyarylsulfone, and polyarylketone. This article mainly introduces the latest research on SPECPs. The structural design, electrochromic properties, and applications of these materials are also introduced in this article, and the challenges and future development trends of SPECPs are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymers, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Xiuzheng Road 1788, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.L.); (Z.X.); (S.J.); (X.S.)
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymers, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Xiuzheng Road 1788, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.L.); (Z.X.); (S.J.); (X.S.)
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2
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Perez I. Ab initio methods for the computation of physical properties and performance parameters of electrochemical energy storage devices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:1476-1503. [PMID: 36602004 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03611h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of electric vehicles and mobile technologies, there is a high demand for electrochemical energy storage devices and electrochemical energy conversion devices. Devices meeting these needs include metal-ion batteries (MIBs), supercapacitors (SCs), electrochromic devices (ECDs), and multifunctional devices such as electrochromic batteries and supercapatteries. Currently, the goal has been the enhancement of operational parameters and physical properties that results in a higher performance of these devices. In the case of batteries, SCs, and supercapatteries, scientists seek to improve the equilibrium voltage, energy density, power, capacitance, and charge rate. In the case of ECDs, the focus is on improvement of the optical modulation and coloration efficiency. However, synthesis and characterization of new materials, or of materials with optimized properties, is time consuming and highly expensive. Computational simulation of materials can expedite the experimental endeavor by modelling novel atomic structures and predicting device performance. This is possible using ab initio theories and applying physical principles that allow us to understand the underlying mechanisms governing the behavior of materials in these devices. Taking as a point of departure density functional theory (DFT), in this review, we discuss the first principles methods used for the computation of physical properties and performance parameters of electrochemical energy storage devices. A wide coverage of DFT is given, dealing with the strengths and weaknesses of the most popular functionals used in the field of electrochemical energy storage. With these tools, ab initio methods for the computation of basic properties such as effective mass, mobility, optical band gap, transmissivity, conductivity (ionic and electronic), and criteria for structure stability (cohesive energy, formation energy, adsorption energy, and phonon frequency) are addressed. We also highlight the first principles techniques for the calculation of performance parameters in MIBs, SCs, and ECDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Perez
- National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT)-Department of Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Juarez, Av. del Charro 450 Col. Romero Partido, C.P. 32310, Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
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3
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Acosta M, Santiago MD, Irvin JA. Electrospun Conducting Polymers: Approaches and Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15248820. [PMID: 36556626 PMCID: PMC9782039 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Inherently conductive polymers (CPs) can generally be switched between two or more stable oxidation states, giving rise to changes in properties including conductivity, color, and volume. The ability to prepare CP nanofibers could lead to applications including water purification, sensors, separations, nerve regeneration, wound healing, wearable electronic devices, and flexible energy storage. Electrospinning is a relatively inexpensive, simple process that is used to produce polymer nanofibers from solution. The nanofibers have many desirable qualities including high surface area per unit mass, high porosity, and low weight. Unfortunately, the low molecular weight and rigid rod nature of most CPs cannot yield enough chain entanglement for electrospinning, instead yielding polymer nanoparticles via an electrospraying process. Common workarounds include co-extruding with an insulating carrier polymer, coaxial electrospinning, and coating insulating electrospun polymer nanofibers with CPs. This review explores the benefits and drawbacks of these methods, as well as the use of these materials in sensing, biomedical, electronic, separation, purification, and energy conversion and storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Acosta
- Materials Science, Engineering and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Marvin D. Santiago
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Irvin
- Materials Science, Engineering and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
- Correspondence:
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4
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Cansu Ergun EG, Akbayrak M. Hunting black color via absorption engineering: EDOT and thiophene-benzothiadiazole based black-to-transmissive copolymer and its electrochromic device application. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Ledwon P, Lapkowski M. The Role of Electrochemical and Spectroelectrochemical Techniques in the Preparation and Characterization of Conjugated Polymers: From Polyaniline to Modern Organic Semiconductors. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194173. [PMID: 36236121 PMCID: PMC9570781 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article presents different electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical techniques used to investigate conjugated polymers. The development of this research area is presented from an over 40-year perspective-the period of research carried out by Professor Mieczyslaw Lapkowski. Initial research involved polymers derived from simple aromatic compounds, such as polyaniline. Since then, scientific advances in the field of conductive polymers have led to the development of so-called organic electronics. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical methods have a great influence in the development of organic semiconductors. Their potential for explaining many phenomena is discussed and the most relevant examples are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Ledwon
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mieczyslaw Lapkowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
- Correspondence:
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6
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Ouyang M, Zhang L, Li Y, Chen L, Tao B, Li W, Lv X, Bai R, Zhou H, Nekrasov A, Zhang C. A new black to highly transmissive switching bilayer polymer composite films with electroactive
pEA
as a color buffer layer for improving electrochromic stability. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ouyang
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Zhang
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwen Li
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Tao
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Weijun Li
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Lv
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Bai
- Center for Integrated Spintronics Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Hengzhi Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Institute of Technology Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Alexander Nekrasov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS Moscow Russia
| | - Cheng Zhang
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
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7
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Chasing the black electrochromism: A new electrochromic copolymer based on 4,7-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole and ProDOT. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Halder S, Roy S, Dixit M, Chakraborty C. A terpyridine based hydrogel system for reversible transmissive-to-dark electrochromism and bright-to-quenched electrofluorochromism. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8368-8371. [PMID: 35792067 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02384a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A carboxylic acid-containing terpyridine-based hydrogelator (TPPCA) is synthesized to afford a self-assembly induced TPPCA hydrogel, which was used as an all-in-one electrochrome in electrochromic devices (ECDs) to demonstrate reversible transparent-to-black electrochromism with fast darkening and bleaching time of 8.3 s and 9.5 s, respectively, high photopic coloration efficiency of 65.8 cm2 C-1 and high optical memory. The ECD also revealed bluish-white to quenched emission simultaneously under the -3.5 V to 0 V voltage range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Halder
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Samirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India.
| | - Susmita Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Samirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India.
| | - Mudit Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Samirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India. .,Materials Center for Sustainable Energy & Environment (McSEE), Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Chanchal Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Samirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India. .,Materials Center for Sustainable Energy & Environment (McSEE), Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India
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9
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Wang X, Zhang L, Shi X, Xiao S, Xiao D. A Propylpyridinyl Triazine Salt for Dual‐band Electrochromic Devices with Response Accelerated by Sulfonyl Group. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Debao Xiao
- Nanjing Tech University IAM Xinmofan Road 211816 Nanjing CHINA
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10
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Rybakiewicz-Sekita R, Toman P, Ganczarczyk R, Drapala J, Ledwon P, Banasiewicz M, Skorka L, Matyjasiak A, Zagorska M, Pron A. D-A-D Compounds Combining Dithienopyrrole Donors and Acceptors of Increasing Electron-Withdrawing Capability: Synthesis, Spectroscopy, Electropolymerization, and Electrochromism. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:4089-4105. [PMID: 35616402 PMCID: PMC9189846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c01772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Five D-π-A-π-D compounds consisting of
the same donor unit (dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole, DTP), the same π-linker (2,5-thienylene),
and different acceptors of increasing electron-withdrawing ability
(1,3,4-thiadiazole (TD), benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole
(BTD), 2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione
(DPP), 1,2,4,5-tetrazine (TZ), and benzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2H,7H)-tetraone (NDI)) were synthesized. DTP-TD, DTP-BTD, and DTP-DPP turned
out to be interesting luminophores emitting either yellow (DTP-TD) or near-infrared (DTP-BTD and DTP-DPP)
radiation in dichloromethane solutions. The emission bands were increasingly
bathochromically shifted with increasing solvent polarity. Electrochemically
determined electron affinities (|EA|s) were found to be strongly dependent
on the nature of the acceptor changing from 2.86 to 3.84 eV for DTP-TD and DTP-NDI, respectively, while the ionization
potential (IP) values varied only weakly. Experimental findings were
strongly supported by theoretical calculations, which correctly predicted
the observed solvent dependence of the emission spectra. Similarly,
the calculated IP and EA values were in excellent agreement with the
experiment. DTP-TD, DTP-BTD, DTP-TZ, and DTP-NDI could be electropolymerized to yield polymers
of very narrow electrochemical band gap and characterized by redox
states differing in color coordinates and lightness. Poly(DTP-NDI) and poly(DTP-TD) showed promising electrochromic behavior,
not only providing a rich color palette in the visible but also exhibiting
near-infrared (NIR) electrochromism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Rybakiewicz-Sekita
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. School of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Woycickiego 1/3, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Petr Toman
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Ganczarczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Drapala
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Ledwon
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/44, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Skorka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Matyjasiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zagorska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Pron
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Ferrocene-Based Porous Organic Polymer (FPOP): Synthesis, Characterization and an Electrochemical Study. ELECTROCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/electrochem3010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferrocene-based porous organic polymers (FPOPs) were prepared from phenol-formaldehyde polymer (Bakelite) and phenol as starting materials; and two possible mechanisms for polymerization were discussed. Solid-state 13C CP-MAS NMR, FTIR, powder XRD, elemental analysis and ICP (Fe, Na, B) were performed to characterize the prepared materials. The two synthetic approaches produced polymers with different pore sizes: the FPOP synthesized through Bakelite presented a higher surface area (52 m2 g−1) when compared to the one obtained by the bottom-up polymerization from phenol (only 5 m2 g−1). Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the thermal stability of the material, which decomposed at 350 °C. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry (CV) of the new FPOP on modified electrodes, in ACN and 0.1 M TBAP as an electrolyte, showed fully reversible electron transfer, which is similar to that observed for the ferrocene probe dissolved in the same electrolyte. As a proof-of-concept for an electrochromic device, this novel material was also tested, with a color change detected between yellow/brownish coloration (reduced form) and green/blue coloration (oxidized form). The new hybrid FPOP seems very promising for material science, energy storage and electrochromic applications, as well as for plastic degradation.
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12
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Chen K, Wu Y, You L, Wu W, Wang X, Zhang D, Elman JF, Ahmed M, Wang H, Zhao K, Mei J. Printing dynamic color palettes and layered textures through modeling-guided stacking of electrochromic polymers. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:425-432. [PMID: 34775506 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01098k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In printable electrochromic polymer (ECP) displays, a wide color gamut, precise patterning, and controllable color switching are important. However, it is a significant challenge to achieve such features synergistically. Here, we present a solution-processable ECP stacking scheme, where a crosslinker is co-processed with three primary ECPs (ECP-Cyan, ECP-Magenta, and ECP-Yellow), which endows the primary ECPs with solvent-resistant properties and allows them to be sequentially deposited. Via varying the film thickness of each ECP layer, a full-color palette can be constructed. The ECP stacking strategy is further integrated with photolithography. Delicate multilayer patterns with overhang and undercut textures can be generated, allowing information displays with spatial dimensionality. In addition, via modulating the stacking sequence, the electrochemical onset potentials of the ECP components can be synchronized to reduce unwanted intermediate colors that are often found in co-processed ECPs. Should specific color properties be desired, COMSOL modeling could be applied to guide the stacking. We believe that this ECP stacking strategy opens a new avenue for electrochromic printing and displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yukun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Liyan You
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Wenting Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xiaokang Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - James F Elman
- Filmetrics, Inc., A KLA Company, 250 Packett's Landing Fairport, NY 14450, USA
| | - Mustafa Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Kejie Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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13
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A Systematic Review of the Most Recent Concepts in Smart Windows Technologies with a Focus on Electrochromics. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13179604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the context of sustainability and in the face of ambitious goals towards the reduction of CO2 emission, the modification of transparency in architecture becomes an important tool of energy flow management into the building. Windows that dim to stop the energy transfer reduce the cooling load in the building. Recently, however, the latest achievements in the development of electrochromic materials allowed us to integrate some additional—previously unknown—functionalities into EC devices. The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of recent technological innovations in the field of smart windows and present the possibilities of recently established functionalities. This review article outlines recent general progress in electrochromic but concentrates on multicolour and neutral black electrochromism, spectrally selective systems, electrochromic energy storage windows, hybrid EC/TC systems, OLED lighting integrated with the EC device, and EC devices powered by solar cells. The review was based on the most recent publication from the years 2015–2020 recorded in the databases WoS and Scopus.
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14
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Ueda H, Yoshimoto S. Multi-Redox Active Carbons and Hydrocarbons: Control of their Redox Properties and Potential Applications. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2411-2429. [PMID: 34128316 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Precise control over redox properties is essential for high-performance organic electronic devices such as organic batteries, electrochromic devices, and information storage devices. In this context, multi-redox active carbons and hydrocarbons, represented as Cx Hy molecules (x≥1, y≥0), are highly sought after, because they can switch between multiple redox states. Herein, we outline the redox properties of Cx Hy molecules as solutes and adsorbed species. Furthermore, the limitations of evaluating their redox properties and the possible solutions are summarized. Additionally, the theoretical capacity (mAh/g) and gravimetric energy density (Wh/kg) of secondary batteries were estimated based on the redox properties of 185 Cx Hy molecules, which have primarily been reported in the last decade. Among them, seven Cx Hy molecules were found to have the potential to surpass the energy density of LiNi0.6 Mn0.2 Co0.2 O2 /graphite batteries. The use of Cx Hy molecules in multielectrochromic devices and multi-bit memory is also explained. We believe that this review will encourage further utilization of Cx Hy molecules thereby promoting its applications in organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ueda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Soichiro Yoshimoto
- Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
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15
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Jarosz T, Ledwon P. Electrochemically Produced Copolymers of Pyrrole and Its Derivatives: A Plentitude of Material Properties Using "Simple" Heterocyclic Co-Monomers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:E281. [PMID: 33430477 PMCID: PMC7826606 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polypyrrole is a classical, well-known conjugated polymer that is produced from a simple heterocyclic system. Numerous pyrrole derivatives exhibit biological activity, and the repeat unit is a common building block present in the chemical structure of many polymeric materials, finding wide application, primarily in optoelectronics and sensing. In this work, we focus on the variety of copolymers and their material properties that can be produced electrochemically, even though all these systems are obtained from mixtures of the "simple" pyrrole monomer and its derivatives with different conjugated and non-conjugated species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Przemyslaw Ledwon
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 9 Strzody Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
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16
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Banasz R, Kubicki M, Wałęsa-Chorab M. Yellow-to-brown and yellow-to-green electrochromic devices based on complexes of transition metal ions with a triphenylamine-based ligand. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:15041-15053. [PMID: 33103702 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03232h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transmissive-to-colored electrochromism has been achieved by combination of MLCT of transition metal complexes with the electrochromic properties of ligand molecules. The color transitions were from yellow to dark brown for the Fe(ii) complex, yellow to orange to bluish-green for the Co(ii) complex and yellow to green for the Zn(ii) complex. By using a metal ion-ligand coordination approach, the self-assembly of hydrazone-based ligands containing a triphenylamine group with appropriate metal salts (FeCl2, Co(ClO4)2 and Zn(BF4)2) produced novel complexes of the general formula [ML2]X2. The isolated complexes were characterized by spectroscopic methods, and the Co(ii) complex also by X-ray diffraction analysis. Thin films of the complexes have been obtained by a spray-coating method and they were used in the construction of electrochromic devices, which showed good electrochromic stability, a high color contrast of 47.5% for Fe(ii), 37.2% for Co(ii) and 33.7% for Zn(ii) complexes and fast coloring and bleaching times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Banasz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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17
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Márquez A, Santiago S, Domínguez C, Muñoz‐Berbel X, Guirado G. Photoelectro‐Enzymatic Glucose Reusable Biosensor by Using Dithienylethene Mediators. Chemistry 2020; 26:8714-8719. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Márquez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC) Bellaterra (Barcelona) 08193 Spain
| | - Sara Santiago
- Departament de QuímicaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra (Barcelona) 08193 Spain
| | - Carlos Domínguez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC) Bellaterra (Barcelona) 08193 Spain
| | - Xavier Muñoz‐Berbel
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC) Bellaterra (Barcelona) 08193 Spain
| | - Gonzalo Guirado
- Departament de QuímicaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra (Barcelona) 08193 Spain
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18
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Kulszewicz-Bajer I, Zagorska M, Banasiewicz M, Guńka PA, Toman P, Kozankiewicz B, Wiosna-Salyga G, Pron A. Effect of the substituent position on the electrochemical, optical and structural properties of donor–acceptor type acridone derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:8522-8534. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00521e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical and fluorescence (TADF) properties of phenoxazine derivatives of acridone are strongly isomerism-sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Piotr A. Guńka
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Technology
- 00-664 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Petr Toman
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Adam Pron
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Technology
- 00-664 Warsaw
- Poland
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19
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Webb EW, Moerdyk JP, Sluiter KB, Pollock BJ, Speelman AL, Lynch EJ, Polik WF, Gillmore JG. Experimental and computational electrochemistry of quinazolinespirohexadienone molecular switches - differential electrochromic vs photochromic behavior. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2473-2485. [PMID: 31666882 PMCID: PMC6808210 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Our undergraduate research group has long focused on the preparation and investigation of electron-deficient analogs of the perimidinespirohexadienone (PSHD) family of photochromic molecular switches for potential application as "photochromic photooxidants" for gating sensitivity to photoinduced charge transfer. We previously reported the photochemistry of two closely related and more reducible quinazolinespirohexadienones (QSHDs), wherein the naphthalene of the PSHD is replaced with a quinoline. In the present work, we report our investigation of the electrochemistry of these asymmetric QSHDs. In addition to the short wavelength and photochromic long-wavelength isomers, we have found that a second, distinct long-wavelength isomer is produced electrochemically. This different long-wavelength isomer arises from a difference in the regiochemistry of spirocyclic ring-opening. The structures of both long-wavelength isomers were ascertained by cyclic voltammetry and 1H NMR analyses, in concert with computational modeling. These results are compared to those for the symmetric parent PSHD, which due to symmetry possesses only a single possible regioisomer upon either electrochemical or photochemical ring-opening. Density functional theory calculations of bond lengths, bond orders, and molecular orbitals allow the rationalization of this differential photochromic vs electrochromic behavior of the QSHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Webb
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, 35 East 12th Street, Holland, MI 49422-9000, USA
| | - Jonathan P Moerdyk
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, 35 East 12th Street, Holland, MI 49422-9000, USA
| | - Kyndra B Sluiter
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, 35 East 12th Street, Holland, MI 49422-9000, USA
| | - Benjamin J Pollock
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, 35 East 12th Street, Holland, MI 49422-9000, USA
| | - Amy L Speelman
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, 35 East 12th Street, Holland, MI 49422-9000, USA
| | - Eugene J Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, 35 East 12th Street, Holland, MI 49422-9000, USA
| | - William F Polik
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, 35 East 12th Street, Holland, MI 49422-9000, USA
| | - Jason G Gillmore
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, 35 East 12th Street, Holland, MI 49422-9000, USA
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