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Nayad A, Hadouch Y, Agzenai Ben Salem Y, Mezzane D, Kutnjak Z, Mehdi A, El Firdoussi L, Ait Ali M. Easily deposited ZnO nanorods on siloxene nanosheets: investigation of morphological, dielectric, ferroelectric, and energy storage properties. RSC Adv 2024; 14:10920-10929. [PMID: 38577427 PMCID: PMC10993107 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00118d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The integration of metal oxides onto two-dimensional layered siloxene has proven to be an effective strategy for expanding potential applications across diverse fields. Herein, we present the synthesis and detailed characterization of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods deposited on siloxene nanosheets using the wet chemical precipitation method without the need of alkali. The presence of ZnO nanorods was confirmed through electron microscopy analyses. X-ray diffraction analysis further verified the presence of characteristic peaks of ZnO in the hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure. Dielectric measurements demonstrated the moderated stability of interfacial polarization in siloxene nanosheets doped with zinc oxide (SX-ZnO) over a broad frequency spectrum, coupled with minimal electrical loss values under 0.4 within the 100 Hz to 1 MHz frequency range. In addition, the ferroelectric study of SiNSs-ZnO composites revealed a slim hysteresis loop with maximum polarization and remnant polarization values that varied with reaction times. The SX-ZnO sample prepared for 5 h exhibited the best stored energy properties, featuring a moderate stored energy density (Ws = 771.94 mJ cm-3) and a high energy efficiency of 83.38%. This investigation underscores that the modification of siloxene layers through the deposition of nanostructured transition metal oxide materials leads to stabilized interfacial polarization and enhanced efficient energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Nayad
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, Unité de Chimie de Coordination et Catalyse, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad BP 23900 40001 Marrakech Morocco
- The High Throughput Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory (HTMR) Laboratory, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P) 43150 Ben Guerir Morocco
| | - Youness Hadouch
- Laboratory of Innovative Materials, Energy and Sustainable Development (IMED), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cadi Ayyad BP 549 40001 Marrakech Morocco
- Condensed Matter Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute Jamova Cesta 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Laboratory of Physics of Condensed Matter (LPMC), University of Picardie Jules Verne Amiens France
| | - Yahya Agzenai Ben Salem
- The High Throughput Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory (HTMR) Laboratory, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P) 43150 Ben Guerir Morocco
| | - Daoud Mezzane
- Laboratory of Innovative Materials, Energy and Sustainable Development (IMED), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cadi Ayyad BP 549 40001 Marrakech Morocco
- Laboratory of Physics of Condensed Matter (LPMC), University of Picardie Jules Verne Amiens France
| | - Zdravko Kutnjak
- Condensed Matter Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute Jamova Cesta 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Ahmad Mehdi
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Larbi El Firdoussi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, Unité de Chimie de Coordination et Catalyse, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad BP 23900 40001 Marrakech Morocco
| | - Mustapha Ait Ali
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, Unité de Chimie de Coordination et Catalyse, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad BP 23900 40001 Marrakech Morocco
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Tsyganov A, Vikulova M, Zotov I, Artyukhov D, Burmistrov I, Gorokhovsky A, Gorshkov N. Significantly Enhanced Balance of Dielectric Properties of Polyvinylidene Difluoride Three-Phase Composites by Silver Deposited on K 2Ni 0.93Ti 7.07O 16 Hollandite Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:223. [PMID: 38257024 PMCID: PMC10820297 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-phase polymer composites are promising materials for creating electronic device components. The qualitative and quantitative composition of such composites has a significant effect on their functional, in particular dielectric properties. In this study, ceramic filler K2Ni0.93Ti7.07O16 (KNTO) with Ag coating as conductive additive (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 wt.%) was introduced into the polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) polymer matrix in amounts of 7.5, 15, 22.5, and 30 vol.%. to optimize the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent. The filler was characterized by X-ray phase analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy methods. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss tangent, and conductivity of three-phase composites KNTO@Ag-PVDF were studied in comparison with two-phase composites KNTO-PVDF in the frequency range from 102 Hz to 106 Hz. The dielectric constant values of composites containing 7.5, 15, 22.5, and 30 vol.% filler were 12, 13, 17.4, 19.2 for pure KNTO and 13, 19, 25, 31 for KNTO@Ag filler (2.5 wt.%) at frequency 10 kHz. The dielectric loss tangent ranged from 0.111 to 0.340 at a filler content of 7.5 to 30 vol.%. A significantly enhanced balance of dielectric properties of PVDF-based composites was found with K2Ni0.93Ti7.07O16 as ceramic filler for 1 wt.% of silver. Composites KNTO@Ag(1 wt.%)-PVDF can be applied as dielectrics for passive elements of flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Tsyganov
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, 410054 Saratov, Russia
| | - Maria Vikulova
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, 410054 Saratov, Russia
| | - Ilya Zotov
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, 410054 Saratov, Russia
| | - Denis Artyukhov
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, 410054 Saratov, Russia
- Department of Power and Electrical Engineering, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, 410054 Saratov, Russia
| | - Igor Burmistrov
- Engineering Center, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Lane, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Gorokhovsky
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, 410054 Saratov, Russia
| | - Nikolay Gorshkov
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, 410054 Saratov, Russia
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Wang Z, Kang J, Wu D, Xue Y, Yi Z. Antiferroelectric AgNbO 3 @KH550 Doped PVDF/PMMA Composites with High Energy Storage Performance. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300485. [PMID: 37906622 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The residual polarization of antiferroelectric ceramics is very small, yet they possess high energy storage density and efficiency. Incorporating antiferroelectric ceramic particles into a polymer matrix is beneficial for improving the energy storage performance of composites. However, excessive amounts of ceramic particles can lead to aggregation within the polymer, resulting in defects and a significant reduction in composite film performance. In this study, the antiferroelectric AgNbO3 is selected as the filler and modified with silane coupling agent KH550. poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) are blended as the matrix, and the energy storage performance of the composite is improved by adjusting the additional amount of PVDF. The structure, dielectric properties, and energy storage properties of the composites are systematically studied. The results show that hydrogen bonds are formed between PVDF and PMMA, and PVDF and PMMA are tightly bonded under the action of hydrogen bonds. The compatibility of PVDF with PMMA is optimal when the mass fraction of PVDF is 30 wt%. Moreover, with the synergistic effect of the antiferroelectric filler AgNbO3 , the breakdown strength of AgNbO3 /PVDF/PMMA composites reaches 430 kV mm-1 , and the energy storage density reaches 14.35 J cm-3 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jinteng Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Dan Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Ying Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zhihui Yi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
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Guan J, Cheng L, Fang Y. Introduction of Nanoscale Si 3N 4 to Improve the Dielectric Thermal Stability of a Si 3N 4/P(VDF-HFP) Composite Film. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4264. [PMID: 37959943 PMCID: PMC10648552 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the dielectric thermal stability of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based film, nano silicon nitride (Si3N4) was introduced, and hence the energy storage performance was improved. The introduction of nano Si3N4 fillers will induce a phase transition of P(VDF-HFP) from polar β to nonpolar α, which leads to the improved energy storage property. As such, the discharging energy density of Si3N4/P(VDF-HFP) composite films increased with the amount of doped Si3N4. After incorporating 10wt% Si3N4 in Si3N4/P(VDF-HFP) films, the discharging density increased to 1.2 J/cm3 under a relatively low electric field of 100 MV/m. Compared with a pure P(VDF-HFP) film, both the discharging energy density and thermal dielectric relaxor temperature of Si3N4/P(VDF-HFP) increased. The working temperature increased from 80 °C to 120 °C, which is significant for ensuring its adaptability in high-temperature energy storage areas. Thus, this result indicates that Si3N4 is a key filler that can improve the thermal stability of PVDF-based energy storage polymer films and may provide a reference for high-temperature capacitor materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laifei Cheng
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (J.G.); (Y.F.)
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Modeling of Single-Process 3D-Printed Piezoelectric Sensors with Resistive Electrodes: The Low-Pass Filtering Effect. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010158. [PMID: 36616507 PMCID: PMC9824225 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing by material extrusion enables the production of fully functional dynamic piezoelectric sensors in a single process. Because the complete product is finished without additional processes or assembly steps, single-process manufacturing opens up new possibilities in the field of smart dynamic structures. However, due to material limitations, the 3D-printed piezoelectric sensors contain electrodes with significantly higher electrical resistance than classical piezoelectric sensors. The continuous distribution of the capacitance of the piezoelectric layer and the resistance of the electrodes results in low-pass filtering of the collected charge. Consequently, the usable frequency range of 3D-printed piezoelectric sensors is limited not only by the structural properties but also by the electrical properties. This research introduces an analytical model for determining the usable frequency range of a 3D-printed piezoelectric sensor with resistive electrodes. The model was used to determine the low-pass cutoff frequency and thus the usable frequency range of the 3D-printed piezoelectric sensor. The low-pass electrical cutoff frequency of the 3D-printed piezoelectric sensor was also experimentally investigated and good agreement was found with the analytical model. Based on this research, it is possible to design the electrical and dynamic characteristics of 3D-printed piezoelectric sensors. This research opens new possibilities for the design of future intelligent dynamic systems 3D printed in a single process.
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Tsyganov A, Vikulova M, Artyukhov D, Bainyashev A, Goffman V, Gorokhovsky A, Gorshkov N. Carbon Modification of K 1.6Fe 1.6Ti 6.4O 16 Nanoparticles to Optimize the Dielectric Properties of PTFE-Based Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194010. [PMID: 36235957 PMCID: PMC9572113 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, polymer matrix composites with the compositions PTFE/KFTO(H) and PTFE/KFTO(H)@CB and with filler volume fractions of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 15, and 30% (without and with carbon modification at a content of 2.5 wt.% regarding ceramic material) were produced by calendering and hot pressing and studied using FTIR, SEM, and impedance spectroscopy methods. Ceramic filler (KFTO(H)) was synthesized using the sol−gel Pechini method. Its structure was investigated and confirmed by the XRD method with following Rietveld refinement. The carbon black (CB) modification of KFTO(H) was carried out through the calcination of a mixture of ceramic and carbon materials in an argon atmosphere. Afterwards, composites producing all the components’ structures weren’t destroyed according to the FTIR results. The effect of carbon additive at a content of 2.5 wt.% relating to ceramic filler in the system of polymer matrix composites was shown, with permittivity increasing up to ε’ = 28 with a simultaneous decrease in dielectric loss (tanδ < 0.1) at f = 103 Hz for composites of PTFE/KFTO(H)@CB (30 vol.%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Tsyganov
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, Saratov 410054, Russia
| | - Maria Vikulova
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, Saratov 410054, Russia
| | - Denis Artyukhov
- Department of Power and Electrical Engineering, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, Saratov 410054, Russia
| | - Alexey Bainyashev
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, Saratov 410054, Russia
| | - Vladimir Goffman
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, Saratov 410054, Russia
| | - Alexander Gorokhovsky
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, Saratov 410054, Russia
| | - Nikolay Gorshkov
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, Saratov 410054, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-987-380-14-64
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Sasmal A, Sen S, Arockiarajan A. Strategies Involved in Enhancing the Capacitive Energy Storage Characteristics of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Based Flexible Composites. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sasmal
- Functional Materials and Devices Division (FMDD) CSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute (CSIR-CGCRI) Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
- Department of Applied Mechanics Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Shrabanee Sen
- Functional Materials and Devices Division (FMDD) CSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute (CSIR-CGCRI) Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
| | - Arunachalakasi Arockiarajan
- Department of Applied Mechanics Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
- Ceramic Technologies Group-Center of Excellence in Materials and Manufacturing for Futuristic Mobility Indian Institute of Technology-Madras (IIT Madras) 600036 Chennai India
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High-k Three-Phase Epoxy/K1.6(Ni0.8Ti7.2)O16/CNT Composites with Synergetic Effect. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030448. [PMID: 35160438 PMCID: PMC8838200 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer matrix composites based on ED-20 epoxy resin, hollandite K1.6(Ni0.8Ti7.2)O16 and carbon nanotubes with a variable content of 0.107; 0.213 and 0.425 vol.% were obtained for the first time. Initial components and composites produced were characterized by XRD, XRA, FTIR, SEM and Raman spectroscopy. The dielectric properties of composite materials were measured by impedance spectroscopy and determined by the volume ratio of the composite components, primarily by the concentration of CNTs. At a CNT content of 0.213 vol.% (before percolation threshold), the maximum synergistic effect of carbon and ceramic fillers on the dielectric properties of a composite based on the epoxy resin was found. Three-phase composites based on epoxy resin, with a maximum permittivity at a minimum dielectric loss tangent, are promising materials for elements of an electronic component base.
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Tuichai W, Kum-onsa P, Danwittayakul S, Manyam J, Harnchana V, Thongbai P, Phromviyo N, Chindaprasirt P. Significantly Enhanced Dielectric Properties of Ag-Deposited (In 1/2Nb 1/2) 0.1Ti 0.9O 2/PVDF Polymer Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1788. [PMID: 34071685 PMCID: PMC8198304 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhanced dielectric permittivity (ε') while retaining a low loss tangent (tanδ) in silver nanoparticle-(In1/2Nb1/2)0.1Ti0.9O2/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (Ag-INTO/PVDF) composites with different volume fractions of a filler (fAg-INTO) was investigated. The hybrid particles were fabricated by coating Ag nanoparticles onto the surface of INTO particles, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The ε' of the Ag-INTO/PVDF composites could be significantly enhanced to ~86 at 1 kHz with a low tanδ of ~0.044. The enhanced ε' value was approximately >8-fold higher than that of the pure PVDF polymer for the composite with fAg-INTO = 0.5. Furthermore, ε' was nearly independent of frequency in the range of 102-106 Hz. Therefore, filling Ag-INTO hybrid particles into a PVDF matrix is an effective way to increase ε' while retaining a low tanδ of polymer composites. The effective medium percolation theory model can be used to fit the experimental ε' values with various fAg-INTO values. The greatly increased ε' primarily originated from interfacial polarization at the conducting Ag nanoparticle-PVDF and Ag-INTO interfaces, and it was partially contributed by the high ε' of INTO particles. A low tanδ was obtained because the formation of the conducting network in the polymer was inhibited by preventing the direct contact of Ag nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wattana Tuichai
- Giant Dielectric and Computational Design Research Group (GD–CDR), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (P.K.-o.); (V.H.)
| | - Pornsawan Kum-onsa
- Giant Dielectric and Computational Design Research Group (GD–CDR), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (P.K.-o.); (V.H.)
| | - Supamas Danwittayakul
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Jedsada Manyam
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Viyada Harnchana
- Giant Dielectric and Computational Design Research Group (GD–CDR), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (P.K.-o.); (V.H.)
- Institute of Nanomaterials Research and Innovation for Energy (IN–RIE), NANOTEC–KKU RNN on Nanomaterials Research and Innovation for Energy, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Prasit Thongbai
- Giant Dielectric and Computational Design Research Group (GD–CDR), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (P.K.-o.); (V.H.)
- Institute of Nanomaterials Research and Innovation for Energy (IN–RIE), NANOTEC–KKU RNN on Nanomaterials Research and Innovation for Energy, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Nutthakritta Phromviyo
- Sustainable Infrastructure Research and Development Center, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (N.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Prinya Chindaprasirt
- Sustainable Infrastructure Research and Development Center, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (N.P.); (P.C.)
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Meisak D, Macutkevic J, Plyushch A, Kuzhir P, Selskis A, Banys J. Dielectric Relaxation in the Hybrid Epoxy/MWCNT/MnFe 2O 4 Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12030697. [PMID: 32245162 PMCID: PMC7183270 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrical properties of epoxy/MWCNT (multi-walled carbon nanotubes)/MnFe2O4 hybrid composites loaded with MWCNTs (below, 0.09 vol.%, and above, 0.58 vol.%, percolation threshold) and varying concentrations of MnFe2O4 up to 10 vol.% were studied in a wide frequency range (20 Hz-40 GHz) at different temperatures (20 K-500 K). At low frequencies, the dielectric permittivity and the electrical conductivity of composites with fixed amounts of MWCNT are strongly dependent on MnFe2O4 content. For MWCNT concentrations above the percolation threshold (i.e., 0.58 vol.%), the electrical conductivity highly decreases with the increase of the MnFe2O4 fraction. In contrast, for the epoxy/MWCNT just below the onset of electrical conductivity (0.09 vol.% of MWCNTs), there exists an optimal concentration of MnFe2O4 inclusions (i.e., 0.025 vol.%), leading to a dramatic increase of the electrical conductivity by three orders of magnitude. The electrical transport in composites is mainly governed by electron tunneling at lower temperatures (below 200 K), and it is highly impacted by the matrix conductivity at higher temperatures (above 400 K). The electrical properties were discussed in terms of the Maxwell-Wagner relaxation and distributions of relaxation times. A non-invasive platform based on dielectric relaxation spectroscopy was proposed for enhancing the synergetic effect coursed by using multiple nanoinclusions in polymer composites just below the percolation threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Meisak
- Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-001222 Vilnius, Lithuania; (D.M.); (A.P.); (J.B.)
- Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk 220006, Belarus
| | - Jan Macutkevic
- Center for Physical Science and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-001222 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Artyom Plyushch
- Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-001222 Vilnius, Lithuania; (D.M.); (A.P.); (J.B.)
- Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk 220006, Belarus
| | - Polina Kuzhir
- Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk 220006, Belarus
- Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland;
| | - Algirdas Selskis
- Center for Physical Science and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-001222 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Juras Banys
- Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-001222 Vilnius, Lithuania; (D.M.); (A.P.); (J.B.)
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Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Zhou Z, Yang H, Zhang Q. Enhanced Dielectric Performance of P(VDF-HFP) Composites with Satellite-Core-Structured Fe 2O 3@BaTiO 3 Nanofillers. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101541. [PMID: 31546597 PMCID: PMC6835555 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer dielectric materials are extensively used in electronic devices. To enhance the dielectric constant, ceramic fillers with high dielectric constant have been widely introduced into polymer matrices. However, to obtain high permittivity, a large added amount (>50 vol%) is usually needed. With the aim of improving dielectric properties with low filler content, satellite–core-structured Fe2O3@BaTiO3 (Fe2O3@BT) nanoparticles were fabricated as fillers for a poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)) matrix. The interfacial polarization effect is increased by Fe2O3 nanoparticles, and thus, composite permittivity is enhanced. Besides, the satellite–core structure prevents Fe2O3 particles from directly contacting each other, so that the dielectric loss remains relatively low. Typically, with 20 vol% Fe2O3@BT nanoparticle fillers, the permittivity of the composite is 31.7 (1 kHz), nearly 1.8 and 3.0 times that of 20 vol% BT composites and pure polymers, respectively. Nanocomposites also achieve high breakdown strength (>150 KV/mm) and low loss tangent (~0.05). Moreover, the composites exhibited excellent flexibility and maintained good dielectric properties after bending. These results demonstrate that composite films possess broad application prospects in flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Zhao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Zheng Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Qilong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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