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Saavedra-Leos Z, Carrizales-Loera A, Lardizábal-Gutiérrez D, López-Martínez LA, Leyva-Porras C. Exploring the Equilibrium State Diagram of Maltodextrins across Diverse Dextrose Equivalents. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2014. [PMID: 39065331 PMCID: PMC11280782 DOI: 10.3390/polym16142014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the equilibrium state diagram of maltodextrins with varying dextrose equivalents (DE 10 and 30) for quercetin microencapsulation. Using XRD, SEM, and optical microscopy, three transition regions were identified: amorphous (aw 0.07-0.437), semicrystalline (aw 0.437-0.739), and crystalline (aw > 0.739). In the amorphous region, microparticles exhibit a spherical morphology and a fluffy, pale-yellow appearance, with Tg values ranging from 44 to -7 °C. The semicrystalline region shows low-intensity diffraction peaks, merged spherical particles, and agglomerated, intense yellow appearance, with Tg values below 2 °C. The crystalline region is characterized by fully collapsed microstructures and a continuous, solid material with intense yellow color. Optimal storage conditions are within the amorphous region at 25 °C, aw 0.437, and a water content of 1.98 g H2O per g of dry powder. Strict moisture control is required at higher storage temperatures (up to 50 °C) to prevent microstructural changes. This research enhances understanding of maltodextrin behavior across diverse dextrose equivalents, aiding the development of stable microencapsulated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenaida Saavedra-Leos
- Multidisciplinary Academic Unit, Altiplano Region (COARA), Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Carretera a Cedral km 5+600, Matehuala 78700, Mexico; (Z.S.-L.); (A.C.-L.)
| | - Anthony Carrizales-Loera
- Multidisciplinary Academic Unit, Altiplano Region (COARA), Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Carretera a Cedral km 5+600, Matehuala 78700, Mexico; (Z.S.-L.); (A.C.-L.)
| | - Daniel Lardizábal-Gutiérrez
- Advanced Materials Research Center (CIMAV), Miguel de Cervantes 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico;
| | - Laura Araceli López-Martínez
- Academic Coordination of the Western High Plateau Region, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Salinas de Hidalgo 78600, Mexico;
| | - César Leyva-Porras
- Advanced Materials Research Center (CIMAV), Miguel de Cervantes 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico;
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Lin CH, Huang YT, Ciou JY, Cheng CM, Wang GT, You CM, Huang PH, Hou CY. Circular Economy and Sustainable Recovery of Taiwanese Tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus) Byproduct-The Large-Scale Production of Umami-Rich Seasoning Material Application. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091921. [PMID: 37174458 PMCID: PMC10177915 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, umami-rich seasoning powder was produced from the offcuts of Taiwanese tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) by cooking concentration and spray drying of granules while yielding an abundance of glutamic acid (0.23 mg/100 g), glycine (0.10 mg/100 g), aspartic acid (0.11 mg/100 g), lysine (0.10 mg/100 g), and 11 other aminic acids. It exhibited water content (3.81%), water activity (0.3), powder yields (68.83%), and a good water solubility index (99.89%), while the particle microstructure was a spherical powder. Additionally, it received the highest overall preference score (7.53) in the consumer-type sensory evaluation compared to commercially available seasonings. This study proves that offcuts may be part of the human diet after proper processing and can be widely used to flavor savory food. The producers involved could increase their economic returns while meeting the environmental challenges. The practical contribution could create incremental value for products to critical stakeholders at each point in the tilapia supply chain with an operational guide for transitioning from inefficient to innovative circular practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hua Lin
- Ph.D. Program of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Tang Huang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Ying Ciou
- Department of Food Science, Tunghai University, Taichung City 407, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Min Cheng
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ting Wang
- Department of Seafood Science, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Mei You
- Department of Seafood Science, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsiu Huang
- School of Food, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, No. 4, Meicheng Road, Higher Education Park, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
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Enciso-Huerta HA, Ruiz-Cabrera MA, Lopez-Martinez LA, Gonzalez-Garcia R, Martinez-Gutierrez F, Saavedra-Leos MZ. Evaluation of Two Active System Encapsulant Matrices with Quercetin and Bacillus clausii for Functional Foods. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235225. [PMID: 36501619 PMCID: PMC9741249 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, demand for functional foods is increasing in the public interest in order to improve life expectations and general health. Food matrices containing probiotic microorganisms and active compounds encapsulated into carrier agents are essential in this context. Encapsulation via the lyophilisation method is widely used because oxidation reactions that affect physicochemical and nutritional food properties are usually avoided. Encapsulated functional ingredients, such as quercetin and Bacillus clausii, using two carrier agents' matrices-I [inulin (IN), lactose (L) and maltodextrin (MX)] and II [arabic (A), guar (G), and xanthan (X) gums)]-are presented in this work. A D-optimal procedure involving 59 experiments was designed to evaluate each matrix's yield, viability, and antioxidant activity (AA). Matrix I (33.3 IN:33.3 L:33.3 MX) and matrix II (33.3 A:33.3 G:33.3 X) exhibited the best yield; viability of 9.7 log10 CFU/g and 9.73 log10 CFU/g was found in matrix I (using a ratio of 33.3 IN:33.3 L:33.3 MX) and matrix II (50 G:50 X), respectively. Results for the antioxidant capacity of matrix I (100 IN:0 L:0M X) and matrix II (0 A:50 G:50 X) were 58.75 and 55.54 (DPPH* scavenging activity (10 µg/mL)), respectively. Synergy between matrices I and II with use of 100IN:0L:OMX and 0A:50G:50X resulted in 55.4 log10 CFU/g viability values; the antioxidant capacity was 9. 52 (DPPH* scavenging activity (10 µg/mL). The present work proposes use of a carrier agent mixture to produce a functional ingredient with antioxidant and probiotic properties that exceed the minimum viability, 6.0 log10 CFU/g, recommended by the FAO/WHO (2002) to be probiotic, and that contributes to the recommended daily quercetin intake of 10-16 mg/day or inulin intake of 10-20 g/day and dietary fibre intake of 25-38 g per day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Alfonso Enciso-Huerta
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Ruiz-Cabrera
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Laura Araceli Lopez-Martinez
- Coordinación Académica Región Altiplano Oeste, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Salinas de Hidalgo 78600, Mexico
| | - Raul Gonzalez-Garcia
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Fidel Martinez-Gutierrez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Maria Zenaida Saavedra-Leos
- Coordinación Académica Región Altiplano, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 11 Carretera Cedral Km, 5+600 Ejido San José de las Trojes, Matehuala 78700, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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4
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Xiao Z, Xia J, Zhao Q, Niu Y, Zhao D. Maltodextrin as wall material for microcapsules: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Spray-Dried Nipa Palm Vinegar Powder: Production and Evaluation of Physicochemical, Nutritional, Sensory, and Storage Aspects. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8060272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nipa palm vinegar (NPV) is a naturally fermented vinegar derived from the nipa palm (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) sap. This work optimized production of spray-dried nipa palm vinegar powder. The influence of the various drier air inlet temperatures (150, 170, and 190 °C) and maltodextrin DE10 carrier concentrations (15 and 20% w/v) in the feed, on the characteristics of the product powder was investigated. Nipa palm vinegar powder (NPVp) was evaluated in terms of the following responses: physicochemical and nutritional properties, sensory acceptability, and storage stability. All processing variables affected the responses. Based on product desirability as the optimization criterion, spray-drying with a hot air inlet temperature of 170 °C with a 15% w/v maltodextrin DE10 in the feed was optimal. The nutritional characteristics of the product made under the above identified optimal conditions were (per 100 g dry product): a calorific value of 366.2 kcal; 1.3 g protein; 88.1 g carbohydrate; 0.96 g fat; 883.9 mg potassium; 12.7 mg vitamin C; and 105 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) phenolics content. The product, vacuum-packed and heat-sealed in aluminum laminated polyethylene bags, could be stored at 25 °C for at least 180 days without noticeable loss in quality.
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Saavedra-Leos MZ, Román-Aguirre M, Toxqui-Terán A, Espinosa-Solís V, Franco-Vega A, Leyva-Porras C. Blends of Carbohydrate Polymers for the Co-Microencapsulation of Bacillus clausii and Quercetin as Active Ingredients of a Functional Food. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:236. [PMID: 35054642 PMCID: PMC8779310 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A functional food based on blends of carbohydrate polymers and active ingredients was prepared by spray drying. Inulin (IN) and maltodextrin (MX) were used as carrying agents to co-microencapsulate quercetin as an antioxidant and Bacillus clausii (Bc) as a probiotic. Through a reduced design of experiments, eleven runs were conducted and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). The physical characterizations showed fine and non-aggregated powders, composed of pseudo-spherical particles with micrometric sizes. The observation of rod-like particles suggested that microorganisms were microencapsulated in these particles. The microstructure of the powders was amorphous, observing diffraction peaks attributed to the crystallization of the antioxidant. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the blends was above the room temperature, which may promote a higher stability during storage. The antioxidant activity (AA) values increased for the IN-MX blends, while the viability of the microorganisms increased with the addition of MX. By a surface response plot (SRP) the yield showed a major dependency with the drying temperature and then with the concentration of IN. The work contributes to the use of carbohydrate polymers blends, and to the co-microencapsulation of active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Z. Saavedra-Leos
- Coordinación Académica Región Altiplano (COARA), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Matehuala, San Luis Potosi 78700, Mexico;
| | - Manuel Román-Aguirre
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C., CIMAV, Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico;
| | - Alberto Toxqui-Terán
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C., Unidad Monterrey, Alianza Norte No. 202, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Apodaca 66600, Mexico;
| | - Vicente Espinosa-Solís
- Coordinación Académica Región Huasteca Sur, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Carretera Tamazunchale-San Martin Km. 5. Tamazunchale, San Luis Potosi 79960, Mexico;
| | - Avelina Franco-Vega
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi 78210, Mexico;
| | - César Leyva-Porras
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C., CIMAV, Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico;
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Catalkaya G, Guldiken B, Capanoglu E. Encapsulation of anthocyanin-rich extract from black chokeberry ( Aronia melanocarpa) pomace by spray drying using different coating materials. Food Funct 2022; 13:11579-11591. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02569h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to encapsulate the anthocyanin-rich extract from black chokeberry pomace by using maltodextrin with different DE values as the base coating material and its blends with gum Arabic, xanthan gum or whey protein isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Catalkaya
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Guldiken
- Botaneco Inc., 2985 23rd Avenue NE, Calgary, AB, T1Y 7L3, Canada
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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Leyva-Porras C, Balderrama-Aguilar A, Estrada-Ávila Y, Espelosín-Gómez I, Mendoza-Duarte M, Piñón-Balderrama C, Saavedra-Leos MZ, Estrada-Moreno I. Injection Molding of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) as a Model Polymer: Effect of Molding Parameters on the Microstructure and Crystallinity. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3597. [PMID: 34685356 PMCID: PMC8538698 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its relatively simple structure, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) can be considered as a model polymer for the study of its properties. Herein, the effect of processing variables on the microstructure and crystallinity of injection-molded LDPE specimens was quantitatively determined. The polymer was injected at different temperature conditions in the barrel and the mold. The specimens were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. With the data obtained, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out, and response surface graphs (SRP) were constructed to quantify and to observe the behavior of the processing variables, respectively. Different models were obtained to predict the effect of the experimental factors on the response variables. The results showed that the interaction of the two temperatures has the greatest effect on the size of the spherulite, while the temperature of the mold affects the crystallinity. The SRP showed different behaviors: for the spherulite, the size increases with the mold temperature, while for the crystallinity, higher values were observed at an intermediate mold temperature and a low melt temperature. The results presented herein are valuable for setting empirical relations between the microstructure, crystallinity, and the molding conditions of LDPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Leyva-Porras
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C. (CIMAV), Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico;
| | - Andrea Balderrama-Aguilar
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Chihuahua (ITCH), Av. Tecnológico No. 2009, Chihuahua 31310, Mexico; (A.B.-A.); (Y.E.-Á.); (I.E.-G.)
| | - Yael Estrada-Ávila
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Chihuahua (ITCH), Av. Tecnológico No. 2009, Chihuahua 31310, Mexico; (A.B.-A.); (Y.E.-Á.); (I.E.-G.)
| | - Iñaki Espelosín-Gómez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Chihuahua (ITCH), Av. Tecnológico No. 2009, Chihuahua 31310, Mexico; (A.B.-A.); (Y.E.-Á.); (I.E.-G.)
| | - Mónica Mendoza-Duarte
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C. (CIMAV), Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico;
| | - Claudia Piñón-Balderrama
- Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad Tecnológica de Chihuahua (UTCH), Montes Americanos No. 9501, Chihuahua 31216, Mexico;
| | - María Zenaida Saavedra-Leos
- Coordinación Académica Región Altiplano, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Carretera Cedral Km. 5+600 Ejido San José de las Trojes, Matehuala 78700, San Luis Potosí, Mexico;
| | - Iván Estrada-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C. (CIMAV), Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico;
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Leyva-Porras C, Saavedra-Leos MZ, López-Martinez LA, Espinosa-Solis V, Terán-Figueroa Y, Toxqui-Terán A, Compeán-Martínez I. Strawberry Juice Powders: Effect of Spray-Drying Conditions on the Microencapsulation of Bioactive Components and Physicochemical Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185466. [PMID: 34576935 PMCID: PMC8466992 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The drying of fruit juices has advantages such as easy handling of powders, reduction in volume, and preservation of the characteristics of the fruit. Thus, in this work, the effect of the spray drying conditions of strawberry juice (SJ) with maltodextrin (MX) as a carrying agent on the microencapsulation of bioactive compounds and physicochemical properties was studied. The content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity showed higher values at low concentrations of MX, while the effect of drying temperature was negligible. The thermal characterization showed that the low molecular weight sugars in the juice decreased the glass transition temperature (Tg). The morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that at low concentrations of MX, the particles agglomerated, while at intermediate and high concentrations, the particles were observed as well separated. Through microstructural analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD), the presence of amorphous state was confirmed in all the samples, which is beneficial for preventing chemical and biochemical reactions, and promoting the conservation of the microencapsulated bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Leyva-Porras
- Centro de Investigación de Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV), Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico;
| | - María Zenaida Saavedra-Leos
- Coordinación Académica Región Altiplano, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Matehuala, San Luis Potosí 78700, Mexico;
| | - Laura Araceli López-Martinez
- Coordinación Académica Región Altiplano Oeste, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Carretera Salinas-Santo Domingo 200, Salinas de Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí 78600, Mexico;
| | - Vicente Espinosa-Solis
- Coordinación Académica Región Huasteca Sur, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Carretera Tamazunchale-San Martin Km. 5. Tamazunchale, San Luis Potosí 79960, Mexico;
| | - Yolanda Terán-Figueroa
- Facultad de Enfermería y Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico;
| | - Alberto Toxqui-Terán
- Centro de Investigación de Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV), Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Apodaca, Nuevo León 66600, Mexico;
| | - Isaac Compeán-Martínez
- Coordinación Académica Región Altiplano, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Matehuala, San Luis Potosí 78700, Mexico;
- Correspondence:
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10
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Saavedra-Leos MZ, Leyva-Porras C, Toxqui-Terán A, Espinosa-Solis V. Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Spray-Dry Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea var Italica) Stalk and Floret Juice Powders. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071973. [PMID: 33807418 PMCID: PMC8036675 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This research presents the microencapsulation and conservation of antioxidants of broccoli juice processed by spray drying, and proposes the use of a by-product as a technological application. Broccoli juice (BJ) extracted from two sources, stalks and florets, was spray-dried employing maltodextrin (MX) as a carrier agent at concentrations of 5, 7.5, and 10%, and inlet temperatures of 150 and 220 °C. The total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity (AA) of the BJ-MX powders were determined together with the physicochemical characteristics, including particle morphology, microstructure, and thermal properties. Based on the TPC and AA, the optimal processing conditions found were 5% of MX and a drying temperature of 220 °C. However, the florets showed higher TPC, while stalks presented higher AA under those processing conditions. The particles exhibited micrometric sizes and a mixture of spherical-shape particles and pseudo-spherical particles. The diffractograms indicated an amorphous microstructure in all samples. The glass transition temperature (Tg) was determined in the range of 50 °C for the samples dried at 150 °C and 55 °C for those dried at 220 °C. This suggested that powders might be stored at temperatures below the Tg without presenting any loss of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Zenaida Saavedra-Leos
- Coordinación Académica Región Altiplano, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Carretera Cedral Km. 5+600 Ejido San José de las Trojes, Matehuala 78700, San Luis Potosí, Mexico;
| | - César Leyva-Porras
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C. (CIMAV), Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico;
| | - Alberto Toxqui-Terán
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C. (CIMAV), Alianza Norte No. 202, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica (PIIT), Apodaca 66600, Nuevo Leon, Mexico;
| | - Vicente Espinosa-Solis
- Coordinación Académica Región Huasteca Sur, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Km 5, Carretera Tamazunchale-San Martin, Tamazunchale, San Luis Potosi 79960, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-4833824500
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11
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Upadhyay R, Dass J FP. Physicochemical analysis, microbial survivability, and shelf life study of spray‐dried synbiotic guava juice powder. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Upadhyay
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences & Technology VIT University Vellore India
| | - Febin Prabhu Dass J
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences & Technology VIT University Vellore India
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12
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Román-Aguirre M, Leyva-Porras C, Cruz-Alcantar P, Aguilar-Elguézabal A, Saavedra-Leos MZ. Comparison of Polysaccharides as Coatings for Quercetin-Loaded Liposomes (QLL) and Their Effect as Antioxidants on Radical Scavenging Activity. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122793. [PMID: 33255914 PMCID: PMC7760579 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are microstructures containing lipid and aqueous phases employed in the encapsulation and delivery of bioactive agents. Quercetin-loaded liposomes (QLLs) were coated with three different polysaccharides and then tested as radical scavengers. Lactose (LCQLL), chitosan (CCQLL), and inulin (ICQLL) were employed as coating materials. Particle size determined by light scattering, showed primary size of 200 nm for all samples, while a secondary particle size of 600 nm was observed for CCQLL. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evidenced particle aggregation with the addition of the polysaccharide coating. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the layered microstructure of liposomes composed of at least two layers, and primary particle size below 100 nm. QLL showed higher antioxidant activity than the coated liposomes. This behavior was attributed to the chemical interaction between quercetin and the corresponding coating polysaccharide in the layered structure, which traps the quercetin and keeps it unavailable for radical scavenging. From the three polysaccharides, lactose showed a better performance as coating material in the antioxidant activity, which suggested that the smaller size of the disaccharide molecule resulted in a faster releasing of the quercetin in the solution. Thus, LCQLL is an advantageous way to deliver quercetin for antioxidant purposes, where the low stability in delivered media of quercetin loaded liposomes is commonly compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Román-Aguirre
- Doctorado Institucional en Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico;
| | - César Leyva-Porras
- Laboratorio Nacional de Nanotecnología (NanoTech), Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C. (CIMAV), Chihuahua 31136, Mexico;
| | - Pedro Cruz-Alcantar
- Coordinación Académica Región Altiplano (COARA), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Matehuala 78700, Mexico;
| | - Alfredo Aguilar-Elguézabal
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Química de Materiales, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C. (CIMAV), Chihuahua 31136, Mexico;
| | - María Zenaida Saavedra-Leos
- Coordinación Académica Región Altiplano (COARA), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Matehuala 78700, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(488)-1250150
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Encapsulation of Active Ingredients in Food Industry by Spray-Drying and Nano Spray-Drying Technologies. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8080889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its invention in 1872 by Samuel Percy, the spray drying of food products has been widely used, whether in products consumed by babies in milk formulations, powdered sweets and cocoa soluble in milk for children, or food supplements rich in proteins, vitamins, and minerals for adults. All of these products were first formulated in solution and then converted into powders to facilitate the transport and preservation of the properties during storage. In recent years, novel technologies such as nano spray drying have emerged for the development of food formulations with high-cost active ingredients. The aim of the present work is to present a review of the literature reported in the last 10 years related to these technologies. The basis of the spray-drying technologies i.e., conventional and nano, are described and compared, emphasizing the instrumental processing conditions for achieving a desired product. Examples of some unwanted reactions presented during the encapsulation of active ingredients are provided.
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14
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Luo Y, Zhang Z, Huang G, Yu H, Ma Y, Zheng Q, Yue P. Roles of maltodextrin and inulin as matrix formers on particle performance of inhalable drug nanocrystal-embedded microparticles. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 235:115937. [PMID: 32122479 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of inulin (IL) and maltodextrin (MD) as matrix formers on the physical properties of drug nanocrystal-embedded microparticles (NEM) during spray-drying and storage. The redispersibility, aerodynamic performance and phase behaviour of NEM/MD and NEM/IL stored at different water activity (aw) values were evaluated. NEM with 2 g/g (relative to the weight of drug) of IL and MD exhibited the excellent performance after spray-drying. The water activity significantly influenced the redispersibility and aerodynamic performance of NEM/MD and NEM/IL. The NEM/MD presented a higher Tg at all aw values than did NEM/IL. The moisture-induced collapse of the amorphous glassy matrix of IL and MD could be responsible for the poor redispersibility and aerodynamic performance of NEM/IL and NEM/MD, respectively. The NEM/MD exhibited better aerodynamic performance at high aw (0.528) than did NEM/IL. Therefore, MD could be an excellent matrix former for inhalable NEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Luo
- Key Laboratory Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meilingdadao Road, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Zengzhu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The 908th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Nanchang, China
| | - Guiting Huang
- Key Laboratory Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meilingdadao Road, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Huaping Yu
- Key Laboratory Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meilingdadao Road, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yueqin Ma
- Key Laboratory Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meilingdadao Road, Nanchang 330004, China; Department of Pharmacy, The 908th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Nanchang, China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Key Laboratory Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meilingdadao Road, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Pengfei Yue
- Key Laboratory Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meilingdadao Road, Nanchang 330004, China; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Spray Drying of Blueberry Juice-Maltodextrin Mixtures: Evaluation of Processing Conditions on Content of Resveratrol. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100437. [PMID: 31581462 PMCID: PMC6826587 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is an antioxidant abundant in red fruits, and one of the most powerful inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress (OS) produced by human metabolism. The effect of the spray drying processing conditions of blueberry juice (BJ) and maltodextrin (MX) mixtures was studied on content and retention of resveratrol. Quantitatively, analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that concentration of MX was the main variable influencing content of resveratrol. Response surface plots (RSP) confirmed the application limits of maltodextrins based on their molecular weight, where low molecular weight MXs showed a better performance as carrying agents. After qualitatively comparing results for resveratrol against those reported for a larger antioxidant molecule (quercetin 3-D-galactoside), it was observed a higher influence of the number of active sites available for the chemical interactions, instead of stearic hindrance effects.
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